Telegraphic despatches from Philadelphia on Saturday night brought intelligence of the utmost importance received at New Orleans on the 25th ult. by the James L. Day.
    The "Arco Iris" of Vera Cruz, had received letters from Mexico, under date of the 9th, stating that on the 7th the Mexican commissioners declared that the propositions made by Mr. Trist were inadmissable; in consequence of which Gen. Santa Anna convoked a council of generals, who decided that notice should be given to Gen. Scott that the armistice was at an end, and appointed the 9th for the recommencement of hostilities.
    On the 6th of September, Gen. Scott addressed a letter to Santa Anna from Taycubaya, accusing him of having violated several articles of the armistice one of which was that allowing the American army to obtain supplies from the city of Mexico--General Scott demanded an explanation and concludes as follows:
    "* * * * I hereby formally notify you that if I do not receive the most complete satisfaction on all these points, before twelve o'clock to-morrow I shall consider the armistice as terminated from that hour."
    To this letter Gen. Santa Anna replied at considerable length, and with great severity. He accused Gen. scott of having violated the terms of the armistice in refusing to allow flour, from the mills in the vicinity, to be brought into the city, and says the American wagons were driven out of the city on account of the objectionable conduct of the officers accompanying them. Santa Anna also charges Gen. Scott with having sacked the Mexican towns in the vicinity of the capital, and robbed and desecrated the churches, and stealing and destroying articles held sacred by every Mexican. He concludes as follows:
    "I flatter myself that your excellency will be convinced, on calm reflection, of the weight of my reasons, but if by misfortune you should seek only a pretext to deprive the first city of the American continent of an opportunity to free the unarmed population of the horrors of war, there will be left me no other means of salvation but to repel force by force, with the decision and energy which my high obligations impose upon me."
    On the 7th, General Herrera, as commandant of the city of Mexico, addressed the clergy, exhorting them to exert all their influence to incite the people to arm themselves, and prepare to resist the American army.
    On the 8th Gen. Scott attacked the Mill del Rey or King's Mill, in the immediate vicinity of Chapoltepec, and according to "Diario del Gobierno," and the "Boletin," published at Atlisco, near Puebla, our army, was repulsed, after a short conflict, in which we lost about four hundred in killed, and from six to seven hundred in wounded, and fell back upon Tacubaya.
    The account given by the "Boletin" represents the battle to have been the most bloody and severely contested of the whole war. This however, is a Mexican account; it concludes as follows:--
    At 11 o'clock the enemy commenced a retrograde movement, and by two o'clock in the afternoon he withdrew all his forces to Tacubaya, abandoned the two points he had occupied, and blew up the house of Mata, although some say it was set on fire by a bomb from Chepoltepec.
    It is believed that Generals Twiggs and Pierce directed the attack, and that they put in motion about 8000 men. It is certain that the fire was more intense and brisk than at Churubusco. It is impossible to ascertai the loss of either side. Ours do not amount to 100 killed and 250 wounded.--There are a few missing--nearly all not killed of wounded retiring to Chapoltepec. The enemy, according to the confession of an Irishman, who came over to us in the evening, carried off 400 dead and 600 or 700 wounded.
    We have to lament the los of General Leion, since dead; that of col. Balberas, of the valiant cols. Huerla and Galeati, and of the determined capt. Mateos of Puebla.
    A Mexican letter announces that Riley and his legion of St. Patrick, 70 in number, were ordered by the court martial to be hung. The sentence was approved by Gen. Scott, and on the 8th of Sept., the whole legion were hung in presence of the army, as also of the enemy.
    The Diario del Gobierno says "at half past 4 o'clock in the morning, the Americans attacked the position of the mill of El Rey, close to the fortress Chepultepec. Their numerous brave columns were, however, repulsed three times by valiant soldiers, who this day gave brilliant proofs of their patriotism and bravery; more than a thousand of the enemy remained on the field of battle, on our side the loss has been less than one half that number, having to lament the death of the gallant Col. John Lucas, Baldras, and General Don Antonio de Leon, being wounded, together with several other distinguished chiefs and officers. The traitor Santa Anna commanded in person the column which forced the Americans to retreat; taking with them, without doubt, the conviction that this only brought rivers of blood--that they cannot penetrate the city of Mexico, and that at all events they will there find their sepulchre."
    We translate the subjoined letter from Jalapa to the Arco Iris, without vouching for its correctness: "When Gen. Perez abandoned the mill of El Rey, a bomb discharged from Chapoltepec, fell among the ammunition wagons of the enemy, in the yard of the mill, causing four of them to explode, by which 300 Americans are said to have been blown up, including Gen. Worth, who according to accounts had not been [seen] or heard, from the following day at Tacubaya."
    The next accounts we have from the capital, come in a letter to the Arco Iris, dated the 10th of Sept., of which the following is an extract: "The Mexican government has taken three hundred thousand dollars, which were being sent by a commercial house to the enemy's camp. Gen. Smith has expired. By the enclosed slip you will see that the Americans mutilated and cruelly assassinated the unfortunate Irish who were taken at the battle of Churubusco."
    Another letter from the capital, under date of 11th and 12th, says, "It appears that the enemy is convinced of the improbablilty of reducing the city, by any other means than by bombarding it, because there is no doubt that he has lost 900 to 1000 men, who were hors du combat, by the action of the 8th, and among them 37 officers and 3 colonels were killed and 1 colonel wounded. It appears that the death of Gen. Pillow is uncertain.
    "They have expelled from their houses all the inhabitants of the village of Mixcoao, in order to establish there their hospitals and head-quarters.
    "On the 12th Sept., at 5 o'clock in the morning, the bells awoke us by the announcement of an alarm. The batteries of San Antonia Abad, and the corresponding battery of the enemy, opened upon each other. We have seen discharged by the enemy a multitude of bombs, the greater number of which burst in the air long before they reached our trenches. At the same time a firing commenced at Chapoltepec, on the right side of the town, and in the mountains whence came the attack. A short distance from the enemy are stationed our forces of cavalry and infantry, who were watching the foe--We opened at half after six, from the battery of Garipa of Beleu, or it may be from that starting from the end of Bacoo Nuevo, which is situated in the angle, formed by the causeway leading to the villages of La Piedas and Tacubaya."
    This brings us, says the Picayune, to the 12th, at what hour of the day the letter was closed, we are not informed. Of the eventful denouement, we have only a brief account; but sufficient to assure us that the Americans have achieved a brilliant triumph, and that our army is revelling in the halls of the Montezumas. The only reliable account we have of the last struggle before the capital, is in a letter addressed to Mr. Diamond, our collector at Vera Cruz, from Orizaba, as follows:
    "ORIZABA, Sept. 19, 1847.--I have the honor to inform you that an express arrived this evening from Mexico, which brings intelligence that Gen. Scott was in the city of Mexico. That on the 13th the American troops took Chapoltepec and the citadel, and went into the city that night. General Bravo was killed, and General Santa Anna was wounded in the arm, and has retired with the remainder of his troops, which have suffered much, to Guadaloupe. Your friend, &c."
    A letter from a creditable source, confirms all that is said in the above, and only disagrees with it in the stating that the city was carried by assault on the 14th. The "Sun of Anahuac" has it on the 13th, the heights and forts of Chapoltepec, were carried--on the 15th and 14th, the city was bombarded, and that a part of our army entered it on the morning of the 16th ult., the balance remaining at Chapoltepec.
    In regard to the American loss, the Picayune says--As to our loss before the army entered the city, we have nothing authentic. We fear this new victory has not been achieved without great loss of life. The Mexican accounts show that active hostilities commenced on the 8th, and were continued with more or less activity until our army took possession of the city.
    A passenger in the James L. Day informs us that it was reported among the Mexicans at Vera Cruz, that we lost 1700 men in killed and wounded, but he could trace it to no authentic source. Another passenger estimates Gen. Scott's loss at a quarter to a third of his army.
    We now come to what has been looked for with so much anxiety, the basis upon which Mr. Trist and the Mexicans proposed to negotiate--from which it was seen that there was no disposition on the part of the Mexicans to treat from the first. The propositions are farcial in the extreme. I annex a synopsis. The first proposition we come to is from Mr. Trist:--
    Article 1st--There shall be a firm and universal peace as soon as the treaty is ratified by both parties.
    2d--All prisoners of both sides shall be returned as soon as the treaty is ratified.
    3d--As soon as the treaty is ratified by the United States, all towns captured by the Americans shall be given up, except as are comprised within the limits of the U. S. by articles 4 of this treaty, without transportation of any artillery or public property within said towns at the time of the ratification of said treaty.
    4th--The dividing line between the two republics will commence in the gulf of Mexico, three leagues off land, fronting the mouth of the Rio Grande, thence upwards by the middle of said river, to a point where it touches the Mexican line of New Mexico; thence towards the west, to the longitude of the sourthern limit of New Mexico, at the angle south-west of the longitude of the northern line of New Mexico, until intersected by the first aim [sic] of the Gila. If it should be intersected by any arm of that river, thence to the point of said line nearest to said arm; thence in a direct line to the same descending by the said arm, and by the said river Gila, until its discharge into the river Colorado, and from thence down[w]ards by the Colorado and the middle of the gulf of California, to the Pacific ocean.
    5th--In consideration of the cession of territory in the preceding article, the United States agrees to pay a sum of money [not mentioned] to Mexico, and the abandonment of all claims.
    6th--The United States agrees to pay all claims of her citizens against Mexico that have been adjusted, and all those that have not been adjusted, provided they do not exceed three millions of dollars, after exonerating Mexico from any liabilities on account of these claims.
    7th--Provides for ascertaining the validity of the claims.
    8th--Gives the United States the navigation of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, or from the Pacific, by means of any conveyence now in existence, or to be established hereafter, by canals or railroads.
    9th--Exempts from duties or confiscation, all goods entered during the occupation by the United States.
    10th--Renews for ----- years the treaty of amity, commerce and navigation concluded in 1831.
    11th--Provides for the ratification of the treaty by the United States government, within a given number of months.

    The following is the ultimatum of Santa Anna:

    Article 1st--Expresses desire for peace.
    2d--Stipulates for release of all prisoners as soon as a treaty is signed.
    3d--All the towns, forts, and artillery captured, shall be returned.
    4th--The dividing line between the two republics shall commence in the gulf of Mexico, three leagues from land, in front, and from the southern mouth of Corpus Christi, to run in a straight line through said --- to the mouth of the Rio del Nueces, to follow thence the course of that river to its source. From the source of the river Nueces, a straight line will be traced until it meets the actual frontier of New Mexico, by the east, north and west of New Mexico, by the east, north 37, which will serve as the boundary of the two republics, from the point at which it touches the frontier of New Mexico to the Pacific. The government of Mexico agrees not to found any new establishment or colonies in the space of land which lies between the Rio Grande and the Nueces.
    5th--Stipulates for the payment of the sum [not named] to Mexico, in consideration of territory thus ceded.
    6th and 7th--Release the Mexican government from all claim from the citizens of the United States.
    8th--Agrees to the mode of settling claims proposed by Mr. Trist.
    9th--Stipulates that the catholic religion and the property belonging to that persuasion shall be respected in the territory ceded to the United States.
    10th--Secures the Mexicans the privilege of returning to Mexico.
    12th--Stipulates as to the validity of all the grants of land made by the Mexican government previous to the cession of territory.
    13th--All goods now in port occupied by the American troops, will pay the duties established by the republic, unless they already have.

Source:

Unknown, "News From Mexico," Brooklyn Eagle and Kings County Democrat, Brooklyn, Monday, 4 October 1847, p. 2.