|
|
|
Canadian
Census |
|
|
| ? History of Census Returns, 1666-1861 |
|
|
| The
Intendant Jean Talon who listed 3,215 inhabitants undertook the first census
of Canada in |
| 1666. Talon
is considered the
“father” of modern census taking
in Canada, for his work |
| provided
details of the basic resources and needs of the colonies and opened the way
for future |
| censuses
to be taken on a regular basis. Prior
to 1841, however, provision for the regular taking |
| of
a census was not made by statue in most of the provinces that were to form
Canada at |
|
| Confederation. Various efforts were made on an irregular
basis, notably in Nova Scotia (1811, |
| 1817,
1827, 1838) and in Quebec (1825 and 1831).
In Upper Canada, there was from 1793 (3 |
| Geo.
III, c.. 2) A series of statutes requiring the taking of a census on an
annual basis, beginning |
| with
“a true and complete list of every male and female” resident in each district
but later |
|
| reverting
to a nominal listing only for the heads of households. Such surviving listings, however, |
| are
few and scattered. By 1851, the
pattern of decennial census taking had been established. |
| However,
not until Confederation in 1867 did the taking of the censuses become a
constitutional |
| requirement,
and in 1871, the first Dominion census was conducted.1 |
|
|
| ?
Census of 1871 |
|
|
| The
most extensive and by far the most comprehensive census records in the
custody of the |
|
| Public
Archives of Canada are those for the year 1871. These records have been organized and |
| filmed
so that all nine schedules for each enumeration district are brought together
as a unit. |
|
| The
schedules are as follows: |
|
|
|
1. Nominal return of the living |
|
|
2. Nominal return of the deaths within the
last twelve months. |
|
|
3. Return of public institutions, real
estate, vehicles and implements. |
|
|
4. Return of cultivated land, of field
products and of plants and fruits. |
|
|
5. Return of live stock, animal products,
homemade fabrics and furs. |
|
|
6. Return of industrial establishments. |
|
|
7. Return of products of the forest. |
|
|
8. Return of shipping and fisheries. |
|
|
9. Return of mineral products. |
|
|
| Users
of the 1871 census records should be aware that it is possible to relate the
information in |
| schedules
3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 directly to the nominal return (Schedule 1). In these six schedules, |
| page
and line references to the nominal census returns are located in the first
column of each |
|
| page,
entitled “Reference to Schedule 1“. |
|
|
| 1. Hillman, Thomas A. Catalogue of Census Returns on Microfilm.
1987. Public Archives of Canada, Ottawa. Viii. |
|
| ?
Census of 1881 |
|
| In
1881, the number of schedules was reduced to eight. They were as follows: |
|
|
|
1. Nominal return of the living |
|
|
2. Nominal return of the deaths within the
last twelve months. |
|
|
3. Return of public institutions, real
estate, and industrial establishments. |
|
|
4. Return of cultivated land, of field
products and of plants and fruits. |
|
|
5. Return of live stock, animal products and
furs. |
|
|
6. Return of products of the forest. |
|
|
7. Return of shipping and fisheries. |
|
|
8. Return of mineral products |
|
|
| Only
a microfilm copy of the nominal census return (Schedule 1) has survived for
1881. There |
| are
no other schedules extant. Because the microfilm of the 1881 census, produced
in the early |
| 1950's
and received by the Public Archives of Canada in 1979, is not of a consistent
quality, not |
| all
images are decipherable. In 1881,
Prince Edward Island was enumerated by Lot only. Entries |
| for
that year may be found under the appropriate Lot number. |
|
|
| ?
Page numbers given in this book were those handwritten by the census taker.
If the census |
|
| was
taken on pre-printed and pre-numbered forms that number appears within
parenthesis () |
| after
the handwritten page number. |
|
|
Abbreviations Used in the
Censuses of Canada |
|
| ?
Abbreviations used for Québec
(French-Speaking) Enumerators |
|
|
|
Fields |
|
|
BM= Naissance le mois
(Birth Month) |
|
|
BP = Place de la
Naissance (Birth Place) |
|
|
FA # = Maisonnee
Numeroter (Family Number) |
|
|
HO # = Villa Numeroter
(House Number) |
|
|
Mar.St. = Matrimonial
Statut (Marital Status) |
|
|
Ori = Origin |
|
|
Occ = Occupation |
|
|
Rel = Religion |
|
|
|
House (maison) |
|
|
B = bois (wood) |
|
|
BR = brique (brick) |
|
|
P = pierre (stone) |
|
|
| ?
Abbreviations used for Ontario (English-speaking ) Enumerators |
|
|
|
Fields |
|
|
BM= Birth Month |
|
|
BP= Birth Place |
|
|
FA # = Family number |
|
|
HO # = House number |
|
|
Mar.St.= Marital Status |
|
|
Occ= Occupation |
|
|
Ori= Origin |
|
|
Rel= Religion |
|
|
Mem= Member |
|
|
N-Mem= Non-Member |
|
|
|
House |
|
|
B= brick |
|
|
F = frame |
|
|
L = log |
|
|
RO= roughcast |
|
|
SH= shanty |
|
|
SL= slab |
|
|
ST= stone |
|
|
|
? Birth Month |
|
|
AU= aout (August) |
|
|
AV= avril (April) |
|
|
DE= décembre (December) |
|
|
FE=février (February) |
|
|
JA= janvier (January) |
|
|
JL= juillet (July) |
|
|
JN= juin (June) |
|
|
MA= mai (May) |
|
|
MR= mars (March) |
|
|
NO= novembre (November) |
|
|
OC= octobre (October) |
|
|
SE= septembre (September) |
|
|
| ?
Occupation Abbreviations for French-Speaking Enumerators. |
|
|
| NB.
Several of the following occupational titles may not be entirely accurate.
This is simply due |
| to
the following: |
|
| 1. Difficult handwriting found on many of the
old census records make it difficult, at best, in |
|
| deciphering the word in the occupation
heading |
|
| 2. Many of the listed occupations are no
longer in existence making it more difficult to make an |
| educated guess as to the writing. |
|
| 3. Lack of a good reference book concerning
the occupations of 19th century French Canada |
|
| If
any reader finds information that supports a different definition than the
one that appears |
|
| below
please bring it to the attention of the editor so it may be corrected in
future editions of this |
| series. |
|
|
| AB=
aubergiste (hotel keeper) |
|
CD= charroyeur d'eau
(water carrier) |
|
| ACR=
compagnon cordonnier (shoemaker |
CE= cardeur (carder) |
|
| apprentice) |
|
CF= coiffeur
(hairdresser) |
|
| AF=
apprenti forgeron (blacksmith apprentice) |
CG= compagnon (aide) |
|
| AG= agent |
|
CH= charpentier
(carpenter) |
|
| AI=
apprenti (apprentice) |
|
CHA= chasseur (hunter) |
|
| AIE=
apprenti ingenieur (apprentice engineer) |
CHA = chantre (cantor) for
Beauharnois |
| AIP=
apprenti peintre (apprentice painter) |
County census extractions
only |
|
| AP=
auxiliaire pharmacien (assistant druggist) |
CHF= chauffeur (driver) |
|
| APR=
Pretre Vicaire (Assistant Priest) |
|
CHT= chantre (cantor) |
|
| AR=
artiste (artist) |
|
CI= chef (leader |
conductor) |
|
| ARC=
architecte (architect) |
|
CK= cuisinier (cook) |
|
| ART=
artisan (craftsman) |
|
CL= chapelier (hatter) |
|
| AT=
apprenti tailleur (tailor apprentice) |
CLL= collecteur
(collector) |
|
| AU=
citey auditor |
|
CM= commercant (merchant) |
|
| AV=
abiveur? |
|
CN= constable (police
officer) |
|
| AVC=
avocat (Lawyer) |
|
CO= commis (clerk) |
|
| BA=
barbier (barber) |
|
COL= colporteur (hawker) |
|
| BC=
boucher (butcher) |
|
CON= conducteur
(conductor) |
|
| BE=
bedeau d'Eglise (Sexton of the Church) |
CP= comptable
(bookkeeper) |
|
| BF=
bailli (baillif) |
|
CR= cordonnier
(shoemaker) |
|
| BI=
bijoutier (jeweler) |
|
CS= conseiller municipal
(bailiff) |
|
| BL=
boulanger (baker) |
|
CSV= Clerc St-Viateur
(brother or priest dedicat- |
| BO= bourgeois (boss, owner of
a trade) |
ed to the instruction of
boys) |
|
| BR=
briqueleur (briqueteur - brick layer) |
CT= couturiere
(dressmaker) |
|
| BU=
bucheron (logger) |
|
CU= cultivateur (farmer) |
|
| C=
confiseur (confectioner) |
|
CV= cervoisier (brewer) |
|
| CA=
charretier (carter) |
|
CW= charron (cartwright) |
|
| CAA=
capitaine (captain) |
|
DC= décorateur (stage decorator) |
|
| CB=
capitaine de Bateau (boat captain) |
DE= dentiste (dentist) |
|
| CC= commis de cour de circuit |
|
DM= de marbre coupeur
(marble cutter) |
| (circuit
court clerk) |
|
DP= Pretre directeur
(Priest Director) |
|
| DR= drover |
|
IF=infirmes (disabled
person) |
|
| DS=
distilateur (distiller) |
|
IG= ingenieur (engineer) |
|
| EB=
ébeniste (cabinet maker) |
|
IM= imprimeur (printer) |
|
| EC=
entrepreneur de courrier (mail |
|
IN= instituteur (school
teacher) |
|
| contractor) |
|
IS= inspecteur
(inspector) |
|
| ED=
étud en droit (law student) |
|
IW= intendante (intendant
woman)? |
|
| EE=
en pierre coupeur (stone cutter) |
|
JO= journalier (day
laborer) |
|
| EL= éclusier (person
in charge of a lock in a |
JU= juge (judge) |
|
| canal) |
|
LA= laundress (laundress) |
|
| EM=
étud en Méd (medical student) |
|
MA= macon (mason) |
|
| EN=
éngagé (enlistee) |
|
MC= machiniste
(machinist) |
|
| EN= entrepreneur (contractor)
for 1881 |
MD= medecin (doctor) |
|
| census only |
|
ME= menuisier (carpenter) |
|
| EP=
épicier (grocer) |
|
MEN= mendiant (beggar) |
|
| ES=
ecclesiatique (member of the clergy) |
MEU= meublier (furniture
designer)? |
|
| ET=
éditeur (editor) |
|
MF= manufacturer |
|
| EV=
évangeliste (evangelist) |
|
MG= ménagère
(housekeeper) |
|
| FA= friar |
|
MH= mécanicien (mechanic) |
|
| FB=
tabaconiste (tobacconist) |
|
MI= mineur (miner) |
|
| FD= fondeur (foundry worker) |
|
ML= mouleur (moulder) |
|
| FE=
ferblantier (tinsmith) |
|
MM= meunier (miller) |
|
| FI=
fitter (fitter) |
|
MO= modiste (milliner) |
|
| FL=
fileur (spinner) |
|
MP= maitre de poste
(postmaster) |
|
| FN=
finisseur (finisher) |
|
MR= marin (sailor) |
|
| FO=
forgeron (blacksmith) |
|
MS= ministre (minister) |
|
| FR=
fromager (cheesemaker) |
|
MU= musicien (musician) |
|
| FS=
pecheur (fisherman) |
|
MY= missionnaire
(missionary) |
|
| FT= forestier (forester |
woodsman) |
|
NA= navigateur
(navigator) |
|
| GA=
gardiner (gardiner) |
|
NO= notaire (notary) |
|
| GB=
générateur de brique (brickmaker) |
OG= organiste (organist) |
|
| GC=
génétrateur de chariot (carriage maker) |
OH= orphelin (orphan) |
|
| GD=
gardien de nuit (night watchman) |
|
OP= operateur de
télégraphe (telegraph |
| GE=
gestionnaire d'etape (stage driver) |
operator) |
|
| GH=
génétrateur de harnais (harness maker) |
OPE= opérateur ? |
|
| GM=
gentilhomme (gentleman) |
|
OR= orfevre (goldsmith) |
|
| GN=
générateur de panier (basket maker) |
OU= ouvrier (worker) |
|
| GP=
gardien de phare (lighthouse keeper) |
PA= principal d'academie
(principal of academy) |
| GR=
gardien de pont (bridge guard) |
|
PAP= papetier? (paper
maker) |
|
| GS=
gestionnaire (manager) |
|
PB= plombier (plumber) |
|
| GT=
gerant (manager) |
|
PD= proprietaire d'étape
(stagecoach stop |
| HF=
homme de frein (brakeman) |
|
owner/manager) |
|
| HL=
horloger (watchmaker) |
|
PE= peintre (painter) |
|
| HO=
hotellier (innkeeper) |
|
PF= Pretre Professeur
(Priest professor) |
| HS=
huissier (process-server) |
|
PH= photographe
(photographer) |
|
| HU=
huissier (process-server) |
|
PI= pilote (pilot) |
|
|
|
| PL=
platrier (plasterer) |
|
| PM=
pharmacien (druggist) |
|
| PN=
pensioneer? (retired person) |
|
| PO=
pasteur (pastor) |
|
| POS= postillon (mail carrier) |
|
| POT=
potier (potter) |
|
| PP=
proprietaire de moulin (mill owner) |
|
| PR=
pretre (priest) |
|
| PRO=
protonotaire (protonotary) |
|
| PS=
polisseur (polisher) |
|
| RD=
revendeure (dealer) |
|
| RE= rectamateur? |
|
| RG=
registrateur (registrar) |
|
| RL=
religieux (monk) |
|
| RP=
Pretre Curé (Rectory Priest) |
|
| RS=Religieux
Superiorat (Office of the Superior) |
|
| RT=
rentier (landlord) |
|
| SA=
sellier (saddler) |
|
| SC=
sculpteur (sculptor) |
|
| SE=
servante (maid) |
|
| SN=
soeur novice (nun in the 1st |
|
| probationary
period) |
|
| SO=
soeur (Sister) |
|
| SQ=
squatter |
|
| SR=
surintendant (superintendant) |
|
| SS=
soeur superieur (Sister Superior) |
|
| SU=
surveillant (watchman) |
|
| SV=
arpenteur (surveyor) |
|
| SW=
sawyer (sawyer) |
|
| TA=
tailleur (tailor) |
|
| TI=
tisserand (weaver) |
|
| TM=
teamster (teamster) |
|
| TN=
tanneur (tanner) |
|
| TO=
tonnelier (cooper) |
|
| TR=
commercant (trader) |
|
| TRR=
timekeeper RR |
|
| TU=
tourneur (turner) |
|
| TV=
traversier (ferry boat) |
|
| VI=
violoniste (violinist) |
|
| VO=
voyageur (traveler) |
|
| VT=
voiturier (carrier, carter or builder of carriages) |
|
| WR=
wright de roue (wheel wright) |
|
| WRR= gardien de chemin de fer (RR |
|
| watchman) |
|
|
| ?
Occupation Abbreviations for English-speaking Enumerators. |
|
|
| AI=
assistant inspector |
|
JO= joiner |
|
| AM=
axe maker |
|
L= laborer |
|
| AR=
architect |
|
LA= last maker |
|
| AT= artist |
|
LB= lime burner |
|
| B= baker |
|
LC= lake captain |
|
| BA= bailiff |
|
LM= lumber merchant |
|
| BB=
book binder |
|
LT= lieutenant |
|
| BK=
bookkeeper |
|
LU= lumberman |
|
| BR=
brewer |
|
M= merchant |
|
| BS
= blacksmith |
|
MA= mason |
|
| BT=
barrister |
|
MC= machinist |
|
| BU=
butcher |
|
ME= miner |
|
| C=
carpenter |
|
MF= manufacturer |
|
| CA= carter |
|
MG= minister of the
gospel |
|
| CB=
cabinet maker |
|
MI= miller |
|
| CD=
corderainer |
|
MN= milliner |
|
| CE= carder |
|
MO= moulder |
|
| CG=
clergyman |
|
MR= mariner |
|
| CH=
chandler |
|
MS= medical student |
|
| CI= carrier |
|
MW= mill wright |
|
| CL= clerk |
|
MY= mayor |
|
| CM=
chair maker |
|
OB= organ builder |
|
| CN=
constable |
|
PA= painter |
|
| CO=
cooper |
|
PE = peddler |
|
| CR=
carriage maker |
|
PH= physician |
|
| CT=
clothier |
|
PL= plasterer |
|
| DE= dentist |
|
PM= paper maker |
|
| DI= distiller |
|
PN= printer |
|
| EN=
engineer |
|
PR= preacher |
|
| F= farmer |
|
PU= publisher |
|
| FI= finisher |
|
RI= revenue inspector |
|
| FM=
furnace man |
|
SA = sawyer |
|
| FO=
foreman |
|
SC= stone cutter |
|
| FR=
ferry man |
|
SD= saddler |
|
| FU= fuller |
|
SE= servant |
|
| GA=
gardener |
|
SG= stage driver |
|
| GE=
gentleman |
|
SH= shoemaker |
|
| GI= jigger |
|
SK= shop keeper |
|
| GL= glazier |
|
SM= school master |
|
| GR= grocer |
|
SP= spinster |
|
| HA= hatter |
|
SR= sailor |
|
| HM=
harness maker |
|
ST= student |
|
| HS=
high sheriff |
|
SU= surveyor |
|
| IK=
inn keeper |
|
TA= tailor |
|
|
| TE=
school teacher |
|
| TK=
tavern keeper |
|
| TM=
teamster |
|
| TN= tanner |
|
| TS=
tin smith |
|
| TU= turner |
|
| WA=
waiter |
|
| WE=
weaver |
|
| WM=wagon
maker |
|
| WW=wheel
wright |
|
| YE=
yeoman |
|
|
| ?
Place of Birth for French-speaking Enumerators |
|
|
| AB=
Albany |
|
| AC=
Acores (Azores) |
|
| AL=
Allemagne (Germany) |
|
| AM=
Asie Minere (Near East) |
|
| AN=
Angleterre (England) |
|
| BC=
Bas Canada (Lower Canada) |
|
| BE=
Belgique (Belgium) |
|
| BO=
Boucherville |
|
| BU=Brussell |
|
| CA=
Canada |
|
| DA=
Danemark (Denmark) |
|
| E= E |
|
| EC=
Ecosse (Scotland) |
|
| EU=
Etats-Unis (United States) |
|
| FI=
Finlande (Finland) |
|
| FR= France |
|
| HC=
Haut Canada (Upper Canada) |
|
| IJ=
Ile de Jersey |
|
| IN=
Indian (North American) |
|
| IR=
Irlande (Ireland) |
|
| IT=
italienne (Italian) |
|
| LA=
Lacadie |
|
| NB=
New Brunswick |
|
| NE
= Holland |
|
| N.E.=
Nouvelle Ecosse (Nova Scotia) |
|
| NY=
New York |
|
| NW=
NW Territory |
|
| OD=
Oneida |
|
| ON=
Ontario |
|
| PL= Poland |
|
| PO=
Portugais (Portugal) |
|
| QC= Quebec |
Canada |
|
| SC=
St. Constant |
|
| SE=
St. Edouard |
|
| SM=
St. Michel |
|
| SP=
St. Philippe |
|
| SU= Swede (Swedish) |
|
| SW=
Suisse (Swiss) |
|
| VA=
Varennes |
|
| VT=
Vermont |
|
| WA=
Pays de Gales (Wales) |
|
|
| ?
Place of Birth for English-speaking Enumerators (Hastings County) |
|
|
| AD=
Adolphustown |
|
RA= Rawdon |
|
| AM=Ameiliasburgh |
|
RH= Rhode Island |
|
| BE
= Belleville |
|
RI= Richmond |
|
| C= Canada |
|
SCO= Scotland |
|
| CA=
Camden |
|
SE= Seymoor |
|
| CE=
Canada East |
|
SI= Sidney |
|
| CF=
Canada French |
|
SO= Sophiasburgh |
|
| CL= Clarke |
|
TH= Thurlow |
|
| CW
= Canada West |
|
TY= Tyendinaga |
|
| CN=
Cornwall |
|
UC= Upper Canada |
|
| CT=
Connecticut |
|
UN= Unknown |
|
| EI=
East Indies |
|
US= United States |
|
| ENG=
England |
|
VT= Vermont |
|
| ER=
Ernestown |
|
WA= Wales |
|
| FF=
Frankford |
|
WE= Wellington |
|
| FIN=
Finland |
|
WI= West Indies |
|
| FR=
Fredericksburgh |
|
| FRA=
France |
|
| GER=
Germany |
|
| GL=
Glengarry |
|
| GR=
Greece |
|
| HA=
Hallowell |
|
| HG=
Hungerford |
|
| HI= Hillier |
|
| HO= Hope |
|
| HU=
Huntingdon |
|
| IRE=
Ireland |
|
| KI=
Kingston |
|
| LC=
Lower Canada |
|
| LI=
Long Island |
|
| MA=
Marysburgh |
|
| MO=
Montreal |
|
| MS=
Massachusetts |
|
| MU=
Murray |
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| NB=
New Brunswick |
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| NF=
Newfoundland |
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| NS=
Nova Scotia |
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| NY=
New York |
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| PC= Percy |
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| PE=
Prince Edward Co. |
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| PH=
Port Hope |
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| PR= Perth |
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| PI= Picton |
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| QC= Quebec |
Canada |
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| ?
Religion for French-Speaking Enumerators |
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| AU=
autres (other) |
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| B= Baptist |
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| BC=
Bible Christian |
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| BR=
Bretheran |
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| C=
Catholique (Catholic) |
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| CE= CE |
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| CH=
Christian |
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| CN=
Congregationalist |
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| E= E |
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| EA=
Eglise d'Angleterre (Church of England) |
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| ED= E.D. |
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| EE=
Eglise d'Ecosse (Church of Scotland) |
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| EM=
Episcopal Methodist |
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| EP=
Episcopalian |
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| EV=
Evangelical Union |
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| FT=
Free Thinker |
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| FW=
Free Will Baptist |
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| HE=
Hebreu (Hebrew) |
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| L= Lutheran |
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| M=
Methodist |
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| NC=
New Connection Methodist |
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| NO=
No Church |
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| OK=
Old Kirk |
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| P=
Calvinist Presbyterian |
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| PR=
Protestant |
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| PU= P. U. |
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| RC=
Roman Catholic |
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| RE=
Reformed Episcopalian |
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| SY= synagogue |
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| UN=
Universalist |
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| W= W |
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| WM=
Wesleyan Methodist |
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| ?
Religion for English-speaking Enumerators |
|
|
| B= Baptist |
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| BC=
Bible Christian |
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| C= Catholic |
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| CE=
Church of England |
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| CH=
Christian |
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| CS=
Church of Scotland |
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| DI=
Disciple |
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| E=
Episcopalian |
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| EM=
Episcopal Methodist |
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| FC=
Free Church |
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| FP=
Free Presbyterian |
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| FR=
Friends |
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| FT=
Free Thinker |
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| FW=
Free Will Baptist |
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| L= Lutheran |
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| M=
Methodist |
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| MO=
Mormon |
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| NC=
New Connection Methodist |
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| NO=
No Church |
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| P=
Presbyterian |
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| PR=
Protestant |
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| QU=
Quaker |
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| RC=
Roman Catholic |
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| UN=
Universalist |
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| WM=
Wesleyan Methodist |
|
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| ?
Marital Status for French-Speaking Enumerators |
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| M=
mariés (married) |
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| V=
veuvage (widowed) |
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| ?
Marital Status for English-speaking Enumerators |
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| D=
divorced |
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| M= married |
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| S= single |
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| W=
widowed |
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| ?
Origin for French-Speaking Enumerators |
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| AL=
Allemand (German) |
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| AM=
Americain (American) |
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| AN=
Anglais (English) |
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| BE=
Belge (Belgian) |
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| DA=
Danoise (Danish) |
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| EC=
Ecossaise (Scotch) |
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| ES=
Espagnol (Spanish) |
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| FC=
French Canadian |
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| FR=
Francoise (French) |
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| JU=
Juive (Jewish) |
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| IN=
Indien (Indian) |
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| IR=
Irlandaise (Irish) |
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| IT=
Italienne (Italian) |
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| NE=
Neerlandais (Dutch) |
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| NW=
Norwegien (Norwegian) |
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| PO=
Portugaise (Portuguese) |
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| SA=
Sauvage (Savage) |
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| SU=
Suedois (Swede) |
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| WA=
Gallois (Welsh) |
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