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HISTORY PAGE 3
 
OUR VILLAGE HISTORY TOLD 36 YEARS AGO (Aug. 19, 1931)
The following  article, with illustrate, appeared in the Rochester
          June 15, 1895 Post Express
       Watkins Glen. June 15
Probably there is no village in the world more well  known than WatkIns, at the head of  Seneca Lake a village that  has a about three thousand inhabitant, it is beautifully laid out and has been made famous owing to its glen attractions. The place is known far  and wide as a summer  resort and had  been visited by persons representing almost every nation, on the globe. Watkins once the favourable resort of the  Seneca Indians, the "Happy Hunting ground" of that spot of all  known spot where all like to visit. It has an interesting  history, and noted for its unsurpassed scenery. It is one of  the village in Western New York that it is talked about more than any  most others. Watkins is located in the towns of Dix and Reading but mostly in the town that was named after  John A.Dix. It Is the capital of Schuyler County,  that was formed from Steuben, Chemung and Thompkins  Counties, April 17th, 1854, and is named in honor of General   Philip Schuyler. Watkins dates . back as far as 1788 when Wolcott and  Wilson, . Culver and Smith and. George Fausett with
 their families moved into this region  and  erected their cabins. Wilson and Smith are buried in the old County Grave yard on the  county line. The settlement  here was first called "Culvers Town" after David Culver, whose Inn was south  of the Glen entrance. John Dow a native of Connecticut. was another  pioneer of this  county. he came here in 1789 and in the summer of 179 raised a large crop of corn at the head of Seneca lake. It was John Dow who built one of the first log cabins a few rods north of the post office that was  erected in the region then: assisted in building. a mansion en :the west hill known as the "White House." This was the residence of John W. Watkins, representing   a company consisting of Royal Flint, Jonathan
Lawrence,  Robert  C. Livingston, John Lamb, . Melancthon. Smith, James Watson and others. In those days was  the place was the most  important in what was the Watkins And Flint Purchase end the Glen
as the Big Gully Near what is called "Omega Falls," at the upper end of second  basin. Charles Watkins, a brother of John W., built the first blacksmith shop and gristmill in this region. It was   Dr. Samuel Watkins who laid  and mapped out the village. He came  here in 1821. and named the. village: Salubria. Dr. Watkins who built the Jefferson House, which was competed  in 1834 and it is today and is one of the oldest and best hotels in the State of New York. Dr. Watkins also built Havana stores, dwellings, flour and saw mills in this village. The Doctor changed the name of the village, Salubria, to Jefferson, by which It  was incorporated on April Il, 1842, and again  changed to that of Watkins on April, 1852. Isaac Q Leake  was also among the early settlers of the village and called the Reading portion of it, Savoy. It is  stated that a sister, or widowed sister of John W. Watkins opened the  first Sunday school in this part of the state at at the White House,  above mentioned. The first tavern in Watkins was occupied : by one McChinstre, who died in 1825. On the bank of the  lake in 1828. Dr. Adams  opened the  first drug store, and a general store was kept about the same time by Hiram  Chapman. In 1815 in the first dry goods store was opened in this section by Allen & Veader, and  about this time a tavern was established on the hill side by Claudius Townsend. The post office was  first established as Watkins, having  first been known as Catlin. Watkins became the county seat of Schuyler county in 1854. and Judge Simeon L. Hood was the first county judge. In 1881 the present charter of  the village went into operation  and George Q. Freer was the  first president of the board of trustees. The first newspaper established in Watkins was the Chemung Democrat” in 1842. witch was afterwards changed to the Democratic Citizen.  The first express office  was opened here by Wells & Co. in 1848. The first church In Jefferson, now Watkins, was built by the Presbyterians in 1833 at a cost of $1,000.  The first fire company was organized in 1852 and 1853 with 50  members and James Haywood was  the first foreman. The early records of the village destroyed by fire in 1856, but it is believed that the first trustees were Orlando Hurd,  William A. White. Benoni Peck, Winthrop H. Booths, George H. Quinn: Colonel Enouch Armitage  first clerk: William R. Williamns first  treasurer. In 1849 Ellis & Cotton es established the first carriage factory end the first lumber yard was operated Newman & Drake in 1855.  Watkins is not only delightfully situated in the beautiful Seneca  Lake Valley, but it is also situated  in the heart of the finest grape and  fruit raising section in  Arnerlca,  besides a grain growing region. Much might be said in this direction. It  is also  a grand place of residence, the location being first class in all respects and the sanitary condition of the village unexcelled. It is a very healthy place and many and many of its  citizens live to a ripe old age.
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1864 paper
Elmira Twenty Years Ago
We do not propose to parody the admirable song bearing the above suffix; but rather, in homely prose, refer to Elmira as it was a score of years ago. The village then contained about three thousand inhabitants, and was, as it is now the most promising town in the Southern Tier of counties. Its lawyers were more famous, Its politicians as influential, its clergy as able, its physicians as celebrated, its merchants and and business men as enterprising, its citizens as thrifty, Its girls as handsome, and its young men as fast as those of any locality. Its hotels were the Eagle and Mansion house the former on the present site of the Brainard, and the latter that of the City Hotel. Honest John Davis kept a good tavern on the corner of Lake and Water. streets, which, with a more imposing exterior, might have ranked as a hotel. There was also the Chemung house on Baldwin Street, and the Elmira Hotel near the lock on Water Street. The dwelling houses were more compact, extending westward no farther than
the Flouring Mill (then or soon afterward owned by the lamented Ward Hamilton) and on the north reached but a square or so beyond the Presbyterian church, save the hovels or decayed tenements upon "Fiddlers Green". On the south there was nothing beyond William Street save occasional dwelling, one of which, H. V. Coultons, was remarkable for the novelty of its carved
cornice. The residence of Simeon Benjamin was far up Lake street really out of town. This gentleman has been one of the chief if not the chief benefactor of Elmira by the immense service he rendered in securing the construction of the railroads to Canandaigua and Williamsport, and the inestimable benefit insulting from the: establishment of the Elmira Female College as an
institution that for centuries will be a fountain of usefulness, and even now deserves to be regarded as the pride of Elmira. His sauce should be indissoluble linked to this noble seminary worthy of ranking with Mount Holyoke. The Third Ward now Fifth, was unknown, but a few dwellings clustered around a pretentious brick tavern, generally if not then poorly kept, and
the principal citizen was the farmer pioneer John Sly. The village trade was brisk at all seasons especially in whiskey and pork, with an unlimited supply of codfish, all of which found a ready market in exchange for the lumber, shingles, produce and berries brought by the hard working settlers from the hills and ravines beyond The State line. "The Pennamites regarded a bartering
visit to Newtown as the village was then known by that name, as an event as otherwise only the advent of a circus or menagerie enticed them from their secluded localities. East Hill was mainly covered by the native forest, while West Hill revealed numerous clearings or improved farms, yet quite limited in extent as compared with the prospect now. South Hill loomed as rugged and hardly an opening was visible in the crown of woods, while Mount Zoar less precipitous was nearly equally clothed in the dense covering of timber. No one dreamed that a score of years would make such a difference in Elmira or its surroundings that from a mere village of three thousand people it would become among and prosperous city, lumbering in its first year of municipal honors thirteen thousand inhabitants, and giving manifest guarantees that in another score of years even that will be doubled. The elements of its success are so numerous and potent, the vast increase of capital, the enterprise that has distinguished it from the outset, the multiplied branches of manufactures or art, employing scores or hundreds of operatives the rapid improvements of the adjunct region in wealth and population the unrivalled railroad facilities rendering it a focal point of travel unite to insure the supremacy of Elmira New York. It is difficult for a person who only for a brief season resided here twenty years since to recall these events or personal matters that will interest the older inhabitants. We may enlarge too much upon some topics while slightly alluding to or omitting others of equal merit and thus unwittingly provoke censure. The rector of the Episcopal Church was Mr. Van ZANDT, then recently from Rochester where much commotion had been caused by alleged improper conduct. He was eloquent speaker, a fact which attracted large audiences, and silenced if it did not conquer the opposition. Time, however, made all things even when the reverend gentleman subsequently visited Elmira as the agent of a travelling circus. P. H. Fowler now a D.D. was pastor of the Presbyterian Church, and, his elegantly written discourses made him then a man of mark. He is now preaching in the 1st Presbyterian Church at Utica. We can not recall the name of the preachers in the Methodist Episcopal or Baptist churches. The lawyers acknowledged as leader of. the bar Hiram GRAY, who had been a member of Congress and was that year appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court and held it with great credit for two electoral terms. Col.S.G HATHAWAY was his law partner, then ever popular for his unequalled suavity and graceful carriage, He smiled as kindly and bowed as courteously to the poorest man in the Street as to the proudest, and it was not and it was not the art of the demagogue, but the prompting of genuine politeness. His recent death caused a general expression of sorrow. James L.Woods was a clerk and law student in Gray & HATHAWAYÂ’S office, shy and retiring, few knew his worth or duly appreciated his ability. He was remarkably gifted as a reasoned upon abstract questions, and was the pride of the 8 O'clock Club, which met weekly, in the rear room of the Clerks Office. "Jim was only proud of the hole in the elbow of his right coat sleeve, indicating much service in preparing or copying legal documents. Thomas S. SPAULDING, since President of the village, and a Democratic candidate of flexible political principles, was also a distinguished member of said Club, and
a student in E P Baoon.sÂ’ office in the Eagle basement. Mr. Hamilton, the Deputy Clerk, gave us the use of the room for a weekly debate. He died at Battle Creek, Michigan a few years a greatly respected. ANDREW K. Gregg was than practising law he was a self-made man, and we believe is now an is influential lawyer in Western Wisconsin. Thurston & Wisner had an office in or adjoining the Mansion House. The former has been an efficient County. Judge and State Assessor, and politically a prominent radical and Republican John W. Wisner became County Judge. Would have been Member of Congress but for the bolting of the Hunkers and died in the Prime of life some ten Years ago. He was the head of the Working ManÂ’s Party; a radical subdivision of the Democracy which gave morn or less trouble to the Regency. E. P. Brooks had but recently put up his shingle he has achieved a good reputation as an Attorney and Counsellor, made money by judicious investments is now County Judge, and bids fair to reach higher professional as well as political honors. Judge Dunn had resumed the practice of law, and with marked success the combinations in other counties of the District prevented his nomination to Congress some years ago a sphere for which he was admirably fitted by his talents and knowledge of public affairs. Wm. North and E.O. Crosby were or
had been law partners. Mr. Crosby went from Elmira soon after. Immigrated in 1848 to California, became one of the delegates to the Convention which framed the constitution and voted to make it a free state; he is now U. S. Minister resident in Guatemala. Mr. North succeeded to the large business of his father Theodore North, Sen. (one of the most respected and useful of the early citizens) and having married a lovely wife from Connecticut and possessing good legal abilities and
a popular address, had apparently a life of unalloyed happiness and honor before him, but acute disease removed him in the summer or fall of 1844, thus impressively teaching the vanity if all earthly hopes. Theodore North Jr. afterwards elected County Judge when quite youthful was then a academy student and gave promise of extended usefulness and honors. His death four or five years are was justly regarded as a public loss and saddened many hearts. B. P. HART was then an academy student at least we heard him deliver an address there upon the folly of enforcing the collection of debts by legal enactment's. He made a strong case, but in his successful practice of his profession, he now, doubtless; regards that speech as a juvenile freak. It possibly may have been a foreshadowing of his present political faith that an appeal to the prejudices or the passions
of the poorer or illiterate classes is better suited to promote the interests of a Democratic politician. Thomas Maxwell had been member of Congress; he yet continues to practice law No man more thoroughly appreciates the sacrifices made by the pioneers of the Chemung Valley or has accumulated so many interesting facts concerning the early history of the county. It is
to be hoped that he will embody them in a copious history and thus transmit to posterity the record of a past age. His brother WM.Maxwell also a prominent lawyer was candidate for the State Senate. President for a time of the New York and Erie Railroad. He died a few years ago of paralyse. Of the physicians Dr. Aspenwill had retired from a long and successful practice. We remember Dr E. L. Hart was doing an extensive and prosperous business, as was Dr.Jotham Purdy since deceased. Who made surgery his speciality, as does his son Dr.H.H Purdy now. Dr. Wilcox had been in trade but resumed his practice and stood high in his profession until his death in 1851. Dr. Boynton was eminent for his sagacity in the discrimination and treatment of obscure diseases. He was successful in the treatment of epidemics and the prevailing fevers and had the most extensive consultation practice of any physician or surgeon to this section of the state through apparently stern he had one of the kindest of hearts which endears his memory to many besides this writer. His sympathies were never appealed to in vain and the poor
found in his a benefactor. He died in 1860.His son Dr N Boyton was then partner but left for California in 1849. And after a varied experience in mining and trading is now selling drugs and practising medicine in Napa City. Many would rejoice to see him again in Elmira. Dr. H.S.Chubbuck yet continues among the leading physicians and holds the post of examining surgeon for this spot. for this post of examining surgeon for this post. Dr. Uriah Smith died some years ago much lamented. There were three drug stores, the proprietors being Dr. Tracy Beadle, Thos b. Covell and John M. Judd; the later stammered some an once upon an alarm of fire he strove to shout but couldn't get beyond the first letter; slipping upon the snowy pavement the clinch 0f the collision the vis a tergo expelled the air from his lungs, so that he shouted Fire without a quaver. Dr. Beadle soon went into the banking business; he has been Member of Assembly a position he; he has been member of Assembly a position he filled with honor, demonstrating his capacity for a higher place in the councils of the State or Nation, and his friends have determined to confer this honor upon him. Thomas B. Coyell died in 1846; he was esteemed by all classes and beloved by those who knew him best; his earnest Christian.life, his efforts to establish and maintain both schools in remote neighbourhoods among the rugged hills, and his usefulness generally, made his early decease to be justly regarded as a calamity. He strove to do good at every opportunity, and his memory is precious. We recollect but few of the clerks in the various stores, but among them are T. L, Minier now the popular cashier of the Bank of Havana, E. P. Hutchinson now in the Grocery trade on Water street.S. B. HOWELL, subsequently a partner of H. M. PARTRIDGE in the Eagle Foundry, and now a prosperous
merchant at Painted Post. Stephen T. HAYT had been for several years a clerk for TUTHILL &  Syrrxutxn, but was then a merchant in; and Satterlee but was than a merchant in Corning. He became wealthy in the Lumber trade, and is now the able State Senator from that District. John R. JONES was also a clerk and after a varied experience here and elsewhere, is yet in Elmira, as affable as ever and an enterprising and popular business man. We believe H. M.Partridge had not then become a proprietor of the Foundry which he successfully conducted for some years, and now on the results of sagacious, extensive dealing in lumber, is among the solid men of the town, and is one of its most intelligent useful and respected citizens. But few of the merchants of that day are now in trade. Among these are R.and E Covell and D. H. Tuthill merchant princes of Elmira. John Arnot had long before engaged in Banking. He is one of the few who have employed a portion of their wealth for such
public improvement as add immeasurably to the prosperity of a town. His valued services in hastening the completion of the N.Y & Erie Rail Road to this point, and especially in the construction of the Junction Canal, should ever be remembered with gratitude by all who can contrast the Elmira of today with the secluded village of yore. The present popular and efficient Mayor, who has the distinguished honor of being the first Mayor of the City was then a school boy. Solomon L. Gillet was then selling goods. He is justly regarded as one of our most worthy and prominent citizens. LYMAN COVELL was also in trade with his son Matthew for clerk or partner. The latter died a few years later. The former continues to enjoy the respect of his fellow. citizens. Among the shoe dealers were the Hanfords and N. H Robinson. Stephen H.Hanford died some ten years since. He was an earnest Christian man and a good citizen and his loss was deplored by all. HENRY HANFORD, we believe soon removed to the West. N. H. Robinson accumulated a large property and died much regretted, a year or so ago. FRANK Hall and A. Z. Sickles had each small book stores. The former was subsequently a highly popular President of the village and one of the most intelligent of respected citizens. He is now engaged in commercial pursuits in Japan, and is the able and accomplished correspondent of the N. Y.Tribue. Mr. Sickles built up a large business, and died ten-year since much lamented. Riggs Watrous and G. A. Gridley were among the Hardware merchants and both continue in trade, possessing in an enviable degree
the confidence and regard of the community. A. Heggie and N. W. GARDNER were in the Hat trade. The former died recently at Ithaca mourned by many friends there and here. The latter is yet in business and is among our most esteemed citizens. The Lumbering trade was largely conducted by S. a Strange, S.G Andrus, L LANGDON, W. L. and LYMAN Gibson, Hiram Crane and A, F, POTTER.  Mr. Strang died last year; Mr. Anrnus resides in Williamsport, and MR. CRANE has been dead for many years. LYMAN Gibson died a few years ago; Messrs. LANGDON, W.L. GIbson and POTTER are yet residence of Elmira and more or less prominent in business. There were two weekly newspapers the Republican and Gazette. George W. Mason and W. C. Rhodes were proprietors of the latter and D. M. Cook, recently from Athens, Pa.of the former. Mr. Cook died in the winter of 1844. He was intelligent and respected  gentleman. Mr. Mason died about Eight years ago. He had a warm heart and And regretted by many beside his political friends. . Mr. Rhodes removed to Bath returned to Elmira was elected State Prison inspector ran again and was defeated, and now holds a tat office under the Democratic Government of New York City. The Republican. was a very respectable newspaper most. devoted to Whig polities. The Gazette,then as now, was an unscrupulous party sheet, vivacious, shrewd and adapting itself to the ice given by the Albany Regency with a
 facility that betokened the future flexibility and wiles of the Elmira Gazette of these times. Neither newspaper gave any space to local items, and in this they differed not from other country papers. A fire or flood possessed official consequence to be duly “noticed,“ but otherwise, the county newspapers of that fay might as well have been printed in any state save for the political squibs that designated the locality. In another feature there has been a vast improvement, and they now generally contain more or less original editorials, usually indicative of ability and reflection instead of being stolen from the Argus, or Evening Journal, or the vapid effusions of me some briefness or ambitious lawyer, who, to his “natural l right”to hold all of the offices added the claim of also writing political  articles. except  “Editorials” for the local newspaper.That day has passed away, and the editorial profession is now the third estate in the Republic and gives shape and direction to  civil and political affairs. Then a ”daily” was unknown, save as some more thrifty politician subscribed for a Tribune or Harald. Overland was six days staging to New York, and., most travel was by stage to the Seneca Lake. Thence to Geneva  where for two or three years the cars lied been running, connecting with the outer world. The Woolen Factory had been established  two years by D and R.Pratt, from Havana. They came in as strangers, and invested all they had or could borrow elsewhere to build to build and equip a manufactory. By dint ofÂ’ unconquerable  energy they succeeded in making the experiment profitable, until the whole establishment was burned in 1848, leaving to them only a small insurance. Then a few sagacious citizens  united with them in forming stock company to proceed on a larger scale,  taking half the stock.  while many woolen factories have failed, and ruined all concerned, this has been prosperous, and to-day the Messrs. Pratt own two thirds of the stock, and also control the capital of the Second National Bank recently established. The vast amount  of money that has been paid to the operatives or disbursed for wool in the surrounding territory, the steady and profitable labor furnished to the numerous employees, are made this a valuable element in the property of Elmira, and should lead to efforts: make it a manufacturing center, that varied branches of business may develop the resources or add to the wealth of the city. ‘To some extent this has been done yet there is much  unemployed  capital which might be invested securing an increasing and permanent prosperity. Dr. NORMAN Smith  and Dr, N, B Launy were the  dentists  and they were both skilled in their profession and did a large business  The former venerable in years. remains among our respected citizens. Dr. Launy died some years ago in  Corning. He was a man of much intelligence and of course a zealous Whig. Anson C. Ely was then wholesaling provisions. he became President of the village invinced  much public spirit, consecrated Ely's block containing a name.

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ELMIRA SIXTY YEARS AGO
         BANFIELD, Noble Co. IND.
                  June 23, 1868.
I will give you an account of the old courthouse. It was two story and at in the lower story in the West End, The jail, two rooms, with iron bars spiked on the floor and sides about three inches apart, a half in the center about eight inches wide, and in the East Side of the hall the jailer lived. On the south side, that
 The front of the building, fronting on the lane which run south to the river, there was a stairway outside, to go up to rooms on the second floor, where all the courts were held, when Tioga county included Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler and Chemung all in one county and in the attic story was the free masons Lodge room, 1 was made a Mason in 1817, I think long after I got my diploma and it dated 1824 and signed by Daniel E. Brown as master, George H BULL, S. W Williams, I. W., and ISAAC
 Roe, Secretary; but there was a lodge room in town before the one in the Court Home. It was in Esquire Koneke’s house upstairs.  My father was made a Mason there, he said.   The Judges in those days were
 Judge Emanuel Coryell, from near Owego, judge Catlin from near Havana, (there was no Havana than)
 and Judge Caleb Baker, Southport. .   The Lawyers were Vincent Mathews, Newtown, Benjamin Johnson, Ithaca, Eleazeer Dan, Owego, and John A. collier, sometimes of Binghamton.
 William Wisner and Aaron Konkle were studying law with V. Mathews, in 1803.  Wm. Wisner quit the law and become a Presbyterian Minister.    If living, he is in Ithaca, I think.  John J. Cantine was the sheriff in 1804 and 1805. George C. Edwards, the author of Edward’s Treatise, was in company with
Mr. Mathews the law business, and boarded our house in 1808, 1800 and 1810, and I used to walk seven miles to see ladies that we both married afterwards, and made good selections. The Preachers
1801, 1802 and 1803, were. John Smith and old man then. He preached in the old court House Sundays and kept school during the week in the schoolhouse, near the courthouse. I went to school to him
Simeon R. Jones was the next preacher, and he kept school after Mr. Smith but he kept in a red house that stood on the corner of Lake and Front Streets. On the west
corner where Mr. Arnot’s store is now, I went to school there. Robert Covell, there is no more, went to school there at the same time. As to the preachers, I will mention a ?circumstance.  My father kept
A tavern on east corner of Lake and Water Street and one rainy day, her drove up to the door a man in a sulky and got cut and wanted some dinner. He was a tall man and had one wide rim hat and oilcloth cloak and when he took his cloak off he was as dry as if he had not been in the rain. He had a Quaker coat on and while mother was getting his dinner he told father he would like to preach to the people if they could be notified. It rained so hard he would stay till morning.  He said there would be a few and if he could have that room it would do well. Said father you can have it and asked his name; he said his name was Asbury, he was a Bishop of the Methodist church when at home; so he sent me out to tell the folks to come at 3 oÂ’clock to that room. I went down to Mr. Konkles, and all along the street. I told them a bishop was going to preach at our house at 3 o’clock. Old Mrs. Konkles asked me what his name was. I told her and she said she would go if no others went. Well there was quite a number came and sure
 He did preach as none others had. He astonished the natives. It seems as if I could see him now.
If you think this worth publishing you may do it and in my next I will give an account of the old settlers, by hearsay from those I knew told the truth back to 1790. One of the taverns kept early in town was Nathan Bull. I give a description of his sign. It was a large pumpkin with a mans head sticking out of one end and his feet out of the other and a crawl out of the man mouth saying, "Help me through this world”. C. W. D.
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The CORNING FLINT GLASS WORKS

(November 1868)

We noticed two weeks ago that the manufacture of Glass Ware was in progress and should have referred it as length, last week but for The ensuing election. Crowds of people have been present daily to see the progress of working. It is a great curiosity and must be seen to be appreciated as no description can give a correct idea of the ease with which the ductile metal is wrought and the novel modes of making the various articles. In the furnace with in the arches at the base of the chimney are placed crucibles made of fire clay, holding usually five barrels of materials for fusing, sand, lead and pearl ash being the principled ingredients. Above these crucibles three is an arch or crown to retain the heat. The lead is purchased in pigs weighing perhaps one hundred pounds. These are converted into litharge, which is ground into powder. The pearl ash is purified by boiling. The crucibles having been filled, the fire was kindled. A ton of Blossburg coal forms the fire.

The chimneys are one hundred feet high and give a strong draft. When both are in operation four thousand tons of coal yearly will be used. The slate and ashes of the coal fall through an open bin. The fire is replenished from the working room. It will probably be thirty years before it will be allowed to go out. The crucibles last from three to sic months usually. When they break the brick wall within the arches in taken down, a crucible put in; and the bricks re-laid in the face of the glowing fire. Small crucibles holding a half-barrel are also used, for holding the material for colored glass. But one furnace has been heated as yet. It is surprising to notice how readily the workmen change the molten mass into goblet globes, jars, and pitchers are blown. A man plunges a hollow rod into the pot or crucible in the furnace and the melted glass clings to the end. By waving it and blowing in the tube it is elongated, and assumes by dexterous management the required shape. The bulb of the chimney is formed by blowing in as it cools. The lamps are made in moulds which give the external form. The cavity is caused by blowing into the center thus pressing the glass to the walls of the mould. The goblets tumbler, salt cellars, fruit dishes and sauce dishes are pressed into shape. It is amazing to see how easily the red hot metal is worked in making handles for pitchers and lamps. The operatives are among the most skilful workers in the United States. One man is said to have no equal in his work which consists in making large jars, globes, etc. After the various articles are manufactured they are placed in a brick oven sixty feet in length for an eallag? of wildlass? They are drawn to the rear, cooling gradually, and are then taken out for examination and

and packing. When both furnaces are in use and work is pushed there will be nearly two hundred persons employed, a portion of them boys, for carrying the articles, as they are made, or assisting in various ways. In adjoining building is the steam engine, the room for making the semi-vitreous oxide of lead, for the grinding the fire clay to form the pots or crucibles; and a machine shot for making the iron moulds for any new patterns of glass ware. These moulds are costly requiring great accuracy in finish and novel styles are introduced from time to time, which are elaborate and expensive. The Glass Company do not manufacture cut Glass but have contracted to supply Messrs. Hoare and Dalley of Brooklyn with ware and the latter firm will cut it. For this purpose they will occupy a portion of the second story of the building and employ

about fifty persons mostly men. It would take large space and one familiar with the subject to give a clear and copious description of the process of making Glass ware. We have repeatedly referred to this establishment as one of great importance to this village. It is the most extensive and valuable enterprise every located here. The tall chimneys are a standing and advertisement to the traveller of the important industrial interests of Corning. It is the pioneer for other extensive manufacturing establishments. It has inspired confidence in the growth and prosperity of in the he village and of itself will add largely to the population and business. Mr. A, Houghton, the president of the Company is eminently qualified to superintend its affairs He has had ample experience in Boston and in Brooklyn and his reputation as a gracious and successful manager extends throughout the country. Mr. A. Houghton Jr. has no superior in preparing the metal that is the proper combination of the various ingredients to form glass. This requires great skill and experience both of which he possesses. Mr. H. P. Sinclaire, the secretary of the company is peculiarly fitted to discharge acceptably the duties of his position. The trustees, who were chosen at the organization are George T. Spencer C. D Soill B. W. Payne, Theodore Olcott, A. Houghton, A. Houghton Jr., and Chas. R. Maltby all of whom are men whose names are a guarantee of business capacity and responsibility. The buildings have been erected with due regard to convenience and are substantial structures. It is said that no Flint Glass Co in the United States has buildings so well arranged and adapted for work. The credit of planning and supervising the erection of the Glass Works is due to Mr. A. Houghton, President of the Company. It is a structure with which he has reason to be gratified and this village is july proud that so extensive an establishment stands as a monument of business activity and enterprise. It construction marks is new era in the history of Corning.
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         Sept 11, 1929

 SOME HISTORY OF READ1NG
 
 Interesting Paper Prepared and read by Mrs. Wright at old home days, Reading Center August 31, 1929
 In preparing this paper. I ?have tried to have it authentic, No doubt you will find misstatements as
 memory is often defective, and I find written histories do not agree. The special mention of  to early Settlers   who came  to Reading before,. or in the year 1820,  who have descendants now in living in the
town. The town of Reading  was a portion of the  land In  town as the James Watson  patent.. I t is situated on the west side  of Seneca Lake extending along the lake about five and a half miles. The highest elevation is 1,500 feet  on the farms known as the john Ellison farm and the late James Pope farm. It is bounded  on the north by the town of  Starkey Yates county; on the east side by Hector; on the south by Dix and orange and on the west by Orange and Tyrone. What is now the town of Reading was once a part of Cayuga county. Reading was made seperate town Feb. 17, 1806. Schuyler county was formed from steuben. Thompkins  and ------------April 17, 1854. The watson purchase was laid out into farms of 100 acres.   These were bought by no-residents and sold to the settlers. Among those engaged in this enterprise were Johnathan Lawrence, John Ireland, Joshua Brooks, John W. Watkins, Charles Wilks, Lewis Simonds of New York city.  also  Elish Bondeneot, John Livingston,  Isaac K. Leake, Samuel W. John son and James Pumpelly.  The  earliest settlers. were: John Dow, Davod Ci;ver. Alexamder Jomtpm. William Roberts, James Roberts, James Roberts, Vulentine Hitchcock, richard Phillips, Elisha benedict, John Franch, Samuel Gustin, Elida Parkere, Alfred Rich, Anson Rich, james calvert, Alpheus calvery, George Calvery, John Calvert, Andrew Mcdowell, Calel Fulkerson, richard Laning, Daniel Shannon, anson Suton, Nathaniel, Sutton, John Sutton, JohnnDavis, Alpheus davis, Asaph Corbettt, Jason Peck, Erastus Peck, Tenant  Peck, Benoni Peck, Lewis Lafever, Thos Torance, John Diven, John Diven Jr., Francis Daven, George Diven, William Diven, John Hulburt, John Hurley, Jas. Drake, Jonathen Tremain, james Hayes, Adpheus Scofield, Abner Piper, Icabod Andrews, Amherst Andrews, Daniel C. Norris, Samuel Norris, Samuel Sellen, Sameul Rose, Wesley Sellen, z ebina Sellen, James Ross, Alexander Ross, Willaim Ross, Samuel Ross, Jr., Alonzo Ross, Hiram Chapman, Ira Parker, Abner Hurd, Ephraim, aninsley, Jas. Drake, John Carpenter, Chester Corbett.
 
The First  Public Highway  was the lake Road. The first  school in Reading was  taught in the summer of 1807, by Lucy Dow in her father house. The first white child born In Reading was Miner Culver in 1801. The first marriage was Elisha Culver. second son of David Culver to Susan Diven, In 1805. John Dow was the first settler in Reading in 1798.  He is sometime. spoken of as the  father of Reading.  He was born in voluntown, Conn. He  received   fair education for the time. That is he  could read  and write and cipher. He served  for some time  as a cabinet -apprentice.  When he had earned a few  dollars and received the gift of a horse, from his father , he started for Genesee county, N. Y.  On reaching Watkins, he was taken ill with the measles.  and was very kindly taken care of  by David Culvers family. From Watkins he went to Dresden where he worked  for Benjamin Brown  on of Jemima WilkinsonÂ’s followers. Later he married the widow Mallory, one of the friends. His second wife was the widow Leake. In 1798  when Judge Dow bought his farm in Reading the the whole town  was a  wilderness, He .lived on  it for  two years without neighbours any nearer than Watkins. Then David Culver came and settled on the next farm and opened a  tavern. He died in 1852, being 84 years  old, he was a justice, supervisor and judge. He was member of assembly there terms. he was a mason and a Methodist. Were he with us today he would no doubt be a member of the Community church and a Granger.  Amassa  Nichols came to Reading from Saratoge county and built at Irelandville in 1818 what has long been known as the old tavern Stand. He  was the father of five children, John, Anna Liza, Lydia Ann, chnarlotte and a daughter who died in infancy.  George  Mathews a son of Anna Liza, Mrs. Jame Whitehead and Mrs. Lida Hillerman are descendants of  Charlotte. At the time when  the old tavern stand  was new, it was very popular for several  young men to  take their sweethearts a buggy riding and stop at home hotel for supper and a dance later. Mrs. Haring tells of how her mother Eliza McElwee, in company with gen. Gilberyt Hurd  going wtih others to the tavern at Irelandville. Mr. Nichols had just been doing some painting. The front door bore a placard on which was printed “No entrance at the front door please  go around behind” Chester Corbett one of the early settlers, children Otis Charley, Wallace, Mathew and Nancy Wallace was the father of Lee Corbett; Matilda
was the grand daughter another of Leon McIntyre and Nancy who married John Warner, was the mother of Mrs. Ada Linzy and Mrs. India Vosburg. the Corbett children were born in the log cabin overlooking Seneca Lake. The present farm has been in the family for three generations. Otis Corbett was ten years old when he saw the first steamboat on Seneca Lake and 30 years old when the first railroad train came through the Catherine Valley. He married Adela Chase who came to Reading to teach school . She    taught only one term  before marrying Mr. Corbett. . To them were born ten children Walter, Eliza, Chester, John, Mary Sophia, George, William and Jay. and one son who died in infancy.  To John Corbett we  are indebted  for much early history and Indian lore of Reading and Schuyler county. His little book “ the Lake Country and the Land of Gold” is a  treasure in itself. Many of us have heard the Lake guns. One legend is that it is the echo of the voice of the Indian chief Agayentah calling his warrior, to battle.
 A man  from Chicago  said  this  summer, “ I have  been through llinoise, Indana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey and New York. I have not found any place more beautiful  or any land more to my liking than right here” Joseph Howard, came to Reading from New Hampshire in 1808. He settled on the Lake Road on what is known as the McAlpine Henry Howard Sr. was born there in 1814. In 1832 he bought 100 acres of the present Howard farm, west from the highway. The house stood close by the Big Hollow, about one half mile west from where the present house stands. His son Henry HOward Sr. and Henry Howard Jr. added 100 acres more bordering on he highway. It took Joseph many years of labor to pay for the fram. His son, Henry Jr. used to go to Owego on horseback to pay the interest. Henry Sr,. used to often tell his children how when a small boy he used to    go to a neighbours house on the Lake Road to borrow fire. This neighbour was one of the one of the Roberts. One year the hay crop was failure and he went in mid-winter to Hornby for hay to feed his stock. . The youngest descendant in the town of Reading is Master Francis Howard. son of Harry Howard. Voluntine Hitchcock bought his land directly from James W. Watson. This included the land where Reading Center now stands and  many surrounding acres. He came to REading about 1800. He gave the land for the old cemetery. There are holes in the he ravine between the old and new cemeteries where he dug for gold. Mr. Conklin remembers when those holes were 15 feet or more deep. His son Algernon S. Hitchcock was born in 1803 in the Roswell Shepard house which was his home. Algernon marrried Hannah Earl daughter of James Earl whose fram is now owned by Claud Conklin. His body rests in the cemetery given to rEading by his father. The only survivor in Reading of the Hitchcock and Earl families is Mrs. Rose Hitchcock Fulkerson. Thomas Sutton a Revolutionary soldier went from Orange county to Pennsylvania about 1800. He remarried there a short time then came to Ovid. he remained in Ovid long enough for his son John to court and marry Elizabeth Miller of Lodi. then he moved to Bluff Point, Yates county. He remained there only two years leaving because  he found his title defective. In 1808 he came to reading and purchased the farms where Albert Richtmyer and Will Smith now live. He had four daughters and two sons, Susan, Lydia, Derinda, and Betsy and Nathaniel and Aaron.  Susan Sutton  married Tenant Peck and Nathaniel Sutton married Phoebe Peck. Hence the Peck and Sutton reunion. Daniel C. Norris Sr. was born in Mill-Plain, Farifield county, Conn. He came to reading in 1814, bringing his family household goods and farm tools in a wagon. He came up the Cherry Valley Trail. and stopped for a few  months at Ovid before coming to Reading. His family consisted of his wife and four small children. My father Daniel C. Norris, Jr. was the youngest being six months old when they started. He settled on the farm now owned by Milton White. The house that now stands on the place he built in 1821 and the barn was among the first frame buildings built in the town. When it was built the people thought it would never hold together At the raising among  other eatables was potpie made in a hug iron kettle swung out in the open. It held enough to feed all who came from miles around. We have in our possession a mirror brought of John Ireland. It has on the back a paper printed in New York in 1817. In this paper is advertised a cow post on Bradwasy. I t reads as follows: Lost, on Broadway, a line back cow. Finder please return to Columbia University.” Steven Norris father of Daniel C. Norris Sr. served in the Revolutionary war in Alexander HamiltonÂ’s heavy Artillery. may Norris a sister o the first Norrises who came to this country from England, cam over i the Mayflower. She married Isasc Allerton. Her death occurred two years after coming to this country./ The founders of the Roberts family in America came over with William Penn on the shit “Welcome” They set said from England June 320, 1682 and reached America in August. on board this ship in company with William penn were nearly a hundred Quaker immigrants from Sussex, England. Penn's home. Smallpox broke out on the way over and nearly 30 died. The Roberteses settled in Adams county, Pa. William Roberts the progenitor of the Roberts family in Reading with his three sons left his home in Adams county, Pa. in 1797. They brought their goods overland to the Susquehanna river. From there they travelled by river ways to Elmira then called Newton. Here they brought a yoke of oxen and made a cart. The wheels were made by sawing sections of a large log. With this cart they came through the pine forest to Montour FAlls, then called Catharine. here they engaged Gilbert Hathaway to carry them in a boat down the inlet and to Ovid. this journey took eight weeks. The family came from Ovid to Reading in 1806 and settled on the Lake  road. The sons of William Roberts were the first blacksmiths in Reading. The shop was made by sawing off the stump of an oak and setting the anvil on it. The story is told that a stranger was passing through  Reading one day and inquired for a blacksmiths shot. The reply was “you are in it now but about six miles from the anvil”. the present Roberts family in Reading. Alfred Rick Sr. with his brother Anson came on horseback from albany to Rading shortly after 1800. They brought gold to pay for their land in a mall bag inside a saddle bag. Anson was carrying the bag. In some way he lost it off, but his  brother Alfred riding his horse not far behind, saw it fall and so recovered the gold. The Rich farm originally contained 280 acres. The only descendant in Reading today is  Mrs. Flora Brink, who is also a descendant of Thomas Wood Drake. Mr. Drake bought the farm now known as the Cheese farm . Morris Gilbert is also a descendant of Thomas drake, as are Welles and Horace Webster.  Little is known of the history of Andrew McDowell one of the pioneer settlers of Reading. His daughter was the grandmother of H. E,. Beahan. The McDowell home was the farm now owned by frank Waugh. Thomas Beahan, the grandfather of H. E. Beahan and Charles Carney, came from Ireland to Reading about 1820. He married Florence Faucett of hector who  was the first white child born between the lakes. They settled on the Beahan farm which was purchased directly from Flint and Watson. James Beahan hi, his son and father o f H. E. Beahan, was born on the he farm and lied there all his  life. This farm has been in possession of the Beahans for three generations. Easter Beahan the mother of Charles Carney was a daughter of Thomas Beahan. Ver Marie Mehan is the youngest descendant of Thomas Beahan, being of the fourth generation of descendants. Thomas Bell Raymond, the father of Darius Milton Raymomnd, moved with his family to Reading form Cayuga County in 1820. He settled on what was knowing as the Cross farm where Milton was born in 1823. Thomas was a travelling shoemaker. He went from house to house making shoes for each member of the family, nearly always taking in payment farm produce or leather. Milton Raymond received an education common to those days. He  taught in nearby districts for the goodly sum of ten dollars a month and boarded around.  The news that Abraham Lincoln had been elected president reached him six weeks after election day. He was married to Charlotte Stilson in 1848. To them were born Ada, Homer, Isaac, William, Eugene, Laura and Myrtle. He died at the age of 96 years and ten months. I think were he with us today he would voice the sentiment of this little verse; “We are brothers who travel a great common road. And the journey is easy for none. We must succour the weary and lift on the load. Of the pilgrim whose courage is done, let me deal with them each on the way to the West. with a mercy that never shall fail, and lie down to my dreams with a conscience at rest. when i come to the end of the trail” Hempton Miller came to Reading in 1810 from Canada. He  settled on the farm now owned by Mrs. Anna Ballard. His only descendants in town are Mrs. John Broadbent and Mrs. Charles Perry. Jason Peck with his wife and six children came from green county to rEading in 1809. They came whit oxen and carts, bringing their household goods and seed for the first yearsÂ’s planting. From John DowÂ’s home they cut their way through the forest tot he farm where Loren Eaton now lives. The Peck burying ground on the Eatone farm holds those of the Peck family who passed away in the early days. Tennant Peck, who married Derinda Sutton is the ancestor of Mrs. Lida Ellison and Levi Holly. Abijah Newman came to reading form Connecticut with the first settlers. In 1817 he went not the Land of Nod,” out o to Canada and brought hither a wife. The olive branches were numerous but the number and names I have not been able to learn. He owned the land where William HIllerman, hi s grandson, now lives and where Harry Howard now lives and many surrounding acres. Samuel Sellen great grandfather of George Conklin, came from Vermont to Lodi, then to Reading in 1812. He bought the farm where Jo Caywood now lives. he chose this place because it was covered with pines. Pines were thought to grow only on fertile ground. they cut the trees and burned the great piles of these logs. Each three, if we had it today, would bring not less than  $30. From the Caywood home today can be seen only five or six pine trees. Samuel Sellen had two girls and four boys. John Sellen one of these boys was the grandfather of Mr. Conklin and Mrs. Joe Caywood, Mr. ConklinÂ’s mother  was Maranda  Ann Sellen and Mrs. Joe CaywoodsÂ’s mother was Rosetta Sellen. Mr. Conklin was born in the Baptist parsonage where his parents lived for a time. He remembers interesting incidents of his boyhood. He and the sons of Octavius Roberts, Sumner and William were great pals. The Roberts home was where Mr. Morley now lives. Sumner and William, Cassus Sutton and George used to meet there daily. Mr. Roberts had a tannery just back of the house. They had all fallen into one or more of the vats but Cassus. Mr. Conklin says he fell into everyone but the lime vat. Cassus need to brag that he had never fallen into any of them. The three boys put their heads together and what three boys cant think of don't  any of you older heads attempt. It was the time off the first illustrated that were such a treat to children. The three who had fallen into the vats chipped in their pennies  and  went away one of these. They managed to get Casseus with his back to one of the vats. When he  became interested in the paper they edged him a little nearer. Then over he went backwards head first into the vat. In Mr. ConklinsÂ’s school days there ws a cider mill on the corner just east of here Mr. DoaneÂ’s house stands. One day George and some of the other boys ran away from school and went down to the mill. Then with a rye straw they hung over one of the cider vats. Oh, what a glorious time they had. Mr. Himrod, the teacher, soon found them and with a good size birch he sent them home with great ridges on their backs. Mr. Conklin says. “The joy of that cider through a straw more than compensated for sore backs.” The three people in Reading  who can count the most years are Mrs. OÂ’Daniels, Mrs. Cole and Mrs. Haring. Mrs. OÂ’Daniels was born in the house where Archie Edsell now lives. She has lived 73 years in Reading. Byron OÂ’Daniels first saw his wife at the M. E. church. E. K. Smith used to claim the sponsorship of their first acquaintance and courtship as he took Mr. OÂ’ Daniels to make his first call on Miss Mills. Mrs. OÂ’ Daniels was married 60 years ago the 8th day of Next february. A saying used to be abrade that more matches were made in Starkey SEminary than in heaven. I ever that more have been made in the rEading Center M. E. church than in Starkey Seminary and heaven combined. Mrs. Cole came to Reading to visit her sister  in 1867. she went the M. E, church on Sunday. As usual, Merrellcole was there. Mr. Cole early found an excuse to call on Mrs. ColeÂ’s sisters family. Their courtship extended over a period of six years. Perhaps Mrs. Cole can tell us whether  Mr. Cole was bashful or whether she was hard to win. Mrs. Haring went to Irelandville to each in 1860. she married Oscar Haring in 1866. She has lived 63 years in Reading. Mr. Conklin ranks first in the number years spent in Reading. He lived  there his whole life. Today is his wedding anniversary. He was married to  Sarah Hammond 60 years ago today. Among those who should most deserved our grateful thanks are three physicians, Drs. Starkey, Tompkins and Gulick. With horses they climbed these hills in every kind of weather night and day, for  the munificent sum of one dollar.  The  most famous birthday party ever held in Reading was when the parents of 11 boys met at the home of  Aaron Sutton to celebrate their first birthday. This was where Will Smith now lives. The babies were Frank Shepperd, Emmett Andrews, John Lott, Casius Sutton, Charley Case, Emmett Smith, Judson Caprion, austin Weaver, Err Gavriel, Anson Sutton, and George Conklin. The only thing about the party that has been handed down to history as they were served at dinner with wild turkey. These eleven babies were the 49ers. Another party long remembered was when Thomas Wheeler a veteran of the Civil war, came back from the west and invited all the boys” that were left who went ot war from Reading to the grand feed at the Jefferson House.
When we think of all we have to make us comfortable and happy and ten what our ancestors did to pave the way for us , we are  ready to bow in reverence to that pioneer spirit which brought them to a land covered with forests, with nothing but their bravery and courage, strength of purpose and faith in the future to aid them. Who'll press for gold this crowed street a hundred years to come? Who'll tread yon church with willing feet, a hundred years to come? Pale, trembling age, and fiery youth, and childhood with its brown of truth, the rich and poor on land, on sea, Where will the mighty millions be a hundred years to come?  Martha Norris Wright.
Editors Note-
Through your lives making you for your attention: What will my history be?”
Among the descendants of this worthy and history making pioneer couple still living. the following may be enumerated. Mrs. Watson Clawson, Valois; James Predmore, B. Valois: Newton LaMoreaux, Lodi; Mrs. Neal Fletcher, Lodi; Francis LaMoreaux, Caywood; Bert VanVleet, Caywood; Lewis LaMoreaux,
Somerville. NJ. H. S. LaMoreaux Watkins Glen; Mrs. W. H. Hazlett, Hector; Miss Margaret Considine, Watkins Glen; Charles Carney, Reading; and Dr. Albert Behan, Canandaigua. The late Henry Benhan of Reading whose death occurred about two weeks ago an was a great grandson .
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INSPECTING THE TOWN LINE MONUMENTS
 Watkins Express Nov. 24    1889
 Messrs, R. Fanton, Weed and Gano the commissioners appointed to define and mark the new town line between Dix and Montour, in pursuance of the act of the last legislature had a final meeting yesterday, Wednesday, to review the work done under this authority.  They started from Watkins at 12:30 p.m. in the company with E. D. Tompkins who assisted in the survey and also in the setting of the monument s and first examined the monuments at the corner of the towns of Dix, Montour and Hector east of Watkins.
Driving thence to Havana they examined the five monuments located near that village; the first east of the canal and inlet on the premises on Moses Bull where the new line a right angle with it, and runs due west; the second on the east and west line at the roadside near Aunt SarahÂ’s Falls; the third on the brow of the cliff above the Falls and a few rods north of the creek this monument marking the northwest corner of the new line; the forth at the Norwest corner of Montour Cemetery‘ the firth at the roadside just south of the cemetery. The high bridge over falls creek having been removed to give places to an iron structure, it requires a long and circuitous ride to reach these various points, but it was all accomplished inside of an hour and a half. When the party started over the hills for fro the southern boundary of the two towns and of the county, near the old Wiley residence. With the assistance of Mr. Tompkins the commissioners were quickly piloted out into the woods south of the road leading down the hill to Croton where they found the granite monument erected which marks the division line between the towns at the extreme south. This monument according to Colonel MartinÂ’s survey stands on the division line between Chemung and Schuyler counties and is 102 rods west from the old corner of Montour, Dix, Veteran and Catlin. The party returned over the same route to the premises of J. H, Gano, taking the side hill road thence to Havana and viewing the monument erected at the roadside where the new line crosses the road about half way down the hill.  This completed the work of inspection and at half past five the party were safely and comfortably quartered at the beautiful  L‘Hommedieu mansions of Mr. Fanton and were warmly greeted by his accomplished wife and daughters. Here they found already assembled and awaiting their return Judge Sunderlin, Hon. Adrian Tuttle, Dr. J. Franklin Barnes, W. H. Baldwin of the Watkins Democrat, and S. H. Ferenbaugh of the Democratic Herald, and at sic oÂ’clock all sat down to a sumptuous dinner, elegantly served and to which ample justice was done as the writer can testify by at least one of the hungry commissioners. The evening was pleasantly spent in social intercourse and in examination several ancient maps and valuable historical relics. Collected by Mr. Fanton, illustrated early survey proprietorship and settling of this section of country.  These throw much valued light upon the history of old Tioga county and especially upon that of the old town of Catherine originally one of the largest and most important in that ancient political organization.  To those who like Mr. Fanton a love for antiquarian research his collections are of great value and ascorbic interest.
 The commissioners, with the exception of signing and filling their report, now concluded their work as directed by the legislature, and the writer, as one the number, desires to acknowledge gratitude to his associates for general taking open themselves the most laborist and exacting duties required of the commission and to Mr. Fanton, whose partaking the methodical efforts have a procuring not? only very substantial marking the boundary list between two towns, but in very accurate convenient maps to be placed on record and may be referred to by general yet to come without any doubts and certainties that confused  and perplexed citizens as to the true location of the line. .
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