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Researching our
War Veterans
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National Veteran’s Cemetery, Fort Logan, Colorado |
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INTRODUCTION
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Wars have
been an integral part of American history and, as such, have produced
indispensable genealogical records of literally millions of persons. These are records that not only hold the
key to successfully extending many pedigrees, but also contain valuable
family history information that helps one to see their ancestors as the real
persons they were and not just names on a chart or in a database. This webpage entitled “Researching our War Veterans”, has been
designed to provide a researcher with the following: A
Description Of Major American Wars There are basic accounts about each of the eleven most important
American war periods in which our ancestors may have participated. Links within the text will provide the
researcher with additional insight regarding the key aspects of each
conflict. Supplementary
Information About Each War Subsequent to the descriptive text about the war are links to more
descriptive information regarding each conflict as well as additional
webpages dedicated to that particular topic.
General
Military Information Links to additional U. S. Military websites of a broad nature can
be found in a dedicated section near the end of this page. |
A Guide to U.S. Military
Records The
section of this webpage entitled “U.S. Military Record Research” is linked to
the U.S.
Military Records Research Outline at the Family Search
website. This outline
introduces strategies and records that can help one to learn more about ancestors who served in the United States
military. Use of this information will assist an investigator in setting
meaningful research goals, evaluate the likelihood that an ancestor is found
in military records, and select the records that will help to achieve defined
goals. This outline describes the
content, use, and availability of major sets of records created mostly by the
federal government. It does not discuss historical sources about military
institutions, weapons, battles, or tactics. There is no specific time during a search when military records
should be used but one must know that they are one of the first sources to
consider once research has begun on an individual who may have had military
service or may have been closely related to someone else who did. This is because the information found in
military records is often of such a nature that it facilitates the use of
other sources and suggests new possibilities. |
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Our War Veterans
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The
following pages in this website are dedicated to the persons in our databases
that have been identified as veterans of America’s Wars. |
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Bozarth, Peiffer,
Quigley, Rhubart and allied families The LINKS below will take you to pages containing
information about some of the veterans in this
database and the military units they were a part of. WAR
VETERANS - Bozarth; Peiffer; Quigley; Rhubart; and allied families Military
Veterans & Unit Images Archive New
Jersey Militia – Revolutionary War Col.
Richard Somer’s Regiment, NJ Militia – Revolutionary War 12th
New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Regiment (USA) – Civil War 87th
Naval Construction Battalion, USN – World War II |
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Moreland, McVicker,
Pinnell, Scruggs and allied families The LINKS below will take you to pages containing
information about some of the veterans in this
database and the military units they were a part of. WAR
VETERANS - Moreland; McVicker; Pinnell; Scruggs; and allied families Military
Veterans & Unit Images Archive PA
Militia, Westmoreland County Rangers – Revolutionary War South
Carolina Militia – Revolutionary War Virginia
Militia – Revolutionary War 2nd
New Jersey Regt. Continental Line –
Revolutionary War 5th Maryland Regt., Continental Line – Revolutionary
War 10th
Virginia Regt. Continental Line – Revolutionary
War 2nd
Virginia Cavalry, Company K (CSA) – Civil War 5th
Virginia Cavalry Regiment (CSA)– Civil War 11th
Indiana Cavalry Regiment (USA) – Civil War 150th
Indiana Infantry Regiment (USA) – Civil War |
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Dellinger, Knecht,
Pfeffer, Silar and allied families The LINKS below will take you to pages containing information
about some of the veterans in this
database and the military units they were a part of. WAR
VETERANS - Dellinger; Knecht; Pfeffer; Silar; and allied families Military
Veterans & Unit Images Archive Pennsylvania
Militia; 1st Battalion of York County – Revolutionary War Pennsylvania Militia; 3rd Battalion of York County – Revolutionary War Pennsylvania Militia, 8th
Battalion of York County – Revolutionary War 187th
Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment (USA) – Civil War 110th
Infantry Regiment, 28th Division, U.S.Army – World War One 6th
Special Naval Construction Battalion, USN – World War Two |
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WARS OF THE UNITED STATES
In This section you will find basic accounts about each of the
eleven most important American war periods in which our ancestors may have
participated. Links within the text
will provide the researcher with additional insight regarding the key aspects
of each conflict. Subsequent to the descriptive text about the war are links to
websites with additional information regarding each conflict. |
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The descent of the French on St. John's, Newfoundland, 1762 |
COLONIAL WARS
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Major George Washington during the French & Indian War. |
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King Philip's War was an armed conflict between Native
American inhabitants of present-day southern New England and English
colonists and their Native American allies from 1675–1676. Nearly one in ten
persons overall among Native Americans and English were wounded or killed. The war is named after the main leader of
the Indian side, Metacomet,
Metacom, or Pometacom, known to the English as "King
Philip". The
first of the French
and Indian Wars, King William's War (1689–1697), was the North American
theater of the War
of the Grand Alliance (1688–1697) fought principally in
Europe. The war saw attacks by France
and its Indian allies on English frontier settlements, most notably the Schenectady Massacre of
1690. The English failed to seize Quebec City, and the
French commander there attacked the British-held coast. Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second in a series
of four French and Indian Wars fought between France and Great
Britain in North America for control of the continent. Early in the war, in 1702, the English captured and burned
Spanish-held St.
Augustine, Florida.
However, the English were unable to take the main fortress of St. Augustine,
resulting in the campaign being condemned by the English as a failure. The
Spanish maintained St. Augustine and Pensacola for more than a century after
the war, but their mission system in Florida was destroyed. English military
aid to the colonists was largely ineffective or deflected in defense of the
areas around Charleston,
South Carolina, and the
New York–New England frontier with the Canadian
territories. French forces and allied indigenous tribes attacked New England
from Canada, destroying Deerfield,
Massachusetts, in 1704.
The Apalachee, the Spanish,
and Catholicism were erased from
Florida in what became known as the Apalachee
Massacre. Following the capture of French-held Port
Royal by Francis Nicholson in 1710, Acadia became the |
British province of Nova Scotia. By 1712 an
armistice was declared. Under terms spelled out in the Treaty
of Utrecht (1713), Britain gained Newfoundland, the Hudson Bay region, and the
Caribbean island of St. Kitts. The peace
lasted until the next of the French and Indian Wars, King George's War in
1744. The British conquest of Acadia would ultimately bring severe
consequences for its French inhabitants. In 1755, during the French and
Indian War, many would be expelled from the colony. Some would eventually
make their way to Louisiana.
The Iroquois League remained
neutral in this war. King George's War is the name given to the operations in
North America that formed part of the 1740–1748 War of the Austrian Succession. It was the
third of the four French and Indian Wars. The War
of Jenkins’s Ear officially began when a Spanish commander chopped off the ear of the
English captain Robert
Jenkins and told him to take that to his king.
The war broke out in 1739 between the Spanish and British and was confined to
the Caribbean and Georgia.
This escalated into King George’s War when the French joined the side of Spain. In the course of the war, British colonial forces captured
the French stronghold of Louisbourg
on Cape
Breton Island, Nova
Scotia, but this gain was returned to France under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The French and Indian War was the nine years North American
chapter of the Seven
Years War. The conflict resulted in the British acquiring Canada, while Spain gained Louisiana
in compensation for its loss of Florida
to the British. French administrative presence in North America was almost
completely removed and the Aboriginal people of North America were decimated,
pacified, or moved farther west. Source:
Wikipedia |
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Washington and Lafayette at
Valley Forge. |
REVOLUTIONARY WAR
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Surrender of Cornwallis at
Yorktown |
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The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American
War of Independence,[1]
was a war between the Kingdom
of Great Britain and Revolutionaries within thirteen British colonies,
who declared their independence as the United States of America
in 1776. The war was the
culmination of the American
Revolution, whereby the colonists overthrew British rule. By 1778
major European powers had joined against Britain. Most American
Indians fought on the British side (and some on the American
side).
Throughout the war, the British were able to use their naval
superiority to capture and occupy coastal cities, but control of the
countryside (where 90% of the population lived) largely |
eluded them. After an American victory
at Saratoga in 1777, France,
with Spain and the Netherlands as its allies,
entered the war against Britain. French involvement proved decisive, with a
French naval victory
in the Chesapeake leading to the surrender of a British army at Yorktown
in 1781. The Treaty
of Paris in 1783 ended the war and recognized the sovereignty of
the United States over the territory bounded by Canada to the North, Florida
to the South, and the Mississippi River to the west. Additional information regarding the Revolutionary War can be found at American Revolutionary War -
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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USS Constitution defeats HMS Guerriere; a significant event during the war
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WAR OF 1812
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"New Orleans" 1815 by Herbert Morton Stoops |
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The War of 1812 was fought between the United
States of America and Great Britain and its colonies,
Upper and Lower Canada and Nova Scotia, from 1812 to
1815 on land and sea. The Americans declared war on Britain on June 18, 1812, for a combination of reasons— outrage at
the impressment (seizure) of
thousands of American sailors, frustration at British restraints on neutral
trade while Britain warred with France, and anger at British support for
native attacks along the frontier[1] which conflicted with American
expansion and settlement into the Old
Northwest. The war started poorly for the Americans
as their attempts to invade Canada were repeatedly repulsed; later in the
war, American land forces proved more effective. The Royal Navy lost most early
single-ship battles, but eventually their numbers told and the naval blockade
of the eastern seaboard ruined American commerce and led to extreme
dissatisfaction in New |
England. Following the American raid and
burning of York,
the British raided the Chesapeake
Bay area and burned parts of Washington,
D.C. but were repulsed at Baltimore and withdrew. The Americans gained naval control of Lake Erie and Lake Champlain, preventing
the planned British invasion of New York. The Americans destroyed the power
of the native people of the Northwest and Southeast. With the defeat of
Napoleon in 1814, and the stalemate on the battlefields, both nations agreed
to a peace that left the prewar boundaries intact. Before the news of the treaty got back to North
America, the Americans decisively defeated a veteran British army at the Battle
of New Orleans. Additional information regarding World War II can be found at War of 1812 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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INDIAN WARS
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Indian Wars is the name generally used in the United States to describe
a series of conflicts between the United States and American Indians (or "Native
Americans"). Also generally included in this term are those Colonial American wars
with Native Americans that preceded the creation of the United States.
The wars, which ranged from colonial times to the Wounded
Knee massacre and "closing"
of the American frontier in 1890, generally resulted in the
conquest of American Indians and their assimilation
or forced
relocation to Indian
reservations. Citing figures from an 1894 estimate by the United
States Census Bureau, one scholar has calculated that the more
than 40 wars from 1775 to 1890 reportedly claimed the lives of some 45,000 |
Indians and 19,000
whites. This rough estimate includes women and children on both sides, since noncombatants were often
killed in frontier "massacres".[1] The Indian
Wars comprised a series of smaller wars. American Indians were (and remain)
diverse peoples with their own histories; throughout the wars, they were not
a single people any more than Europeans were. Living in societies organized
in a variety of ways, American Indians usually made decisions about war and
peace at the local level, though they sometimes fought as part of formal
alliances, such as the Iroquois
Confederation, or in temporary confederacies inspired by leaders
such as Tecumseh. Additional
information regarding World War II can be found at Indian Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. |
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Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican-American War |
THE MEXICAN - AMERICAN WAR
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The Battle of Veracruz |
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The Mexican–American War, also sometimes known in the United States as
The Mexican War and in Mexico as la intervención norteamericana (the
North American Intervention) or la guerra del 47 (the War of '47), was
a military conflict fought between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848,
in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas. Mexico had not recognized the secession of Texas in 1836
and announced its intention to take back what it considered a rebel province.
In the United States, the war was a partisan issue, supported by most Democrats and opposed by most Whigs,
with popular belief in the Manifest Destiny of the
United States ultimately |
translating into public support for the
war. In Mexico, the war was considered a matter of national pride. The
most important consequence of the war was the Mexican Cession, in which
the Mexican territories of California and New
Mexico were ceded to the United States. In Mexico, the enormous
loss of territory which resulted from the war encouraged the central government
to enact policies to colonize its northern territories as a hedge against
further losses. Additional
information regarding World War II can be found at Mexican–American War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
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The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a separatist conflict between
the United States Federal government (the "Union")
and eleven Southern
slave states that declared
their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, led by President Jefferson Davis. The Union,
led by President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, opposed the expansion of
slavery and rejected any right of secession. Fighting commenced on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a
Federal military installation at Fort
Sumter in South
Carolina.[1]
During the first year, the Union asserted control of the border states
and established a naval
blockade as both sides raised large armies. In 1862 large, bloody
battles began, causing massive casualties as a result of new weapons and old
battlefield tactics. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation
Proclamation[2]
made the freeing of the slaves a war goal, despite opposition from northern Copperheads
who tolerated secession and slavery. Emancipation ensured that Britain and France would not intervene
to help the Confederacy. In addition, the goal also allowed the Union to
recruit African-Americans for reinforcements, a resource that the Confederacy
did not dare exploit until it was too late. War Democrats reluctantly
accepted emancipation as part of total war needed to save the Union. In the
East, Robert
Edward Lee rolled up a series of Confederate victories over the Army
of the Potomac, but his best general, |
Thomas
Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson, was killed at the Battle
of Chancellorsvillein May 1863.[3] Lee's invasion of the North was
repulsed at the Battle
of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania in July 1863;[4] he barely managed to escape back to
Virginia. In the West, the Union
Navy captured the port of New Orleans in 1862, and Ulysses S. Grant seized
control of the Mississippi
River by capturing Vicksburg,
Mississippi in July 1863,[5] thus splitting the Confederacy. By 1864, long-term
Union advantages in geography, manpower, industry, finance, political
organization and transportation were overwhelming the Confederacy. Grant
fought a number of bloody battles with Lee in Virginia in the summer of 1864.
Lee won most of the battles in a tactical sense but on the whole lost
strategically, as he could not replace his casualties and was forced to
retreat into trenches around his capital, Richmond,
Virginia. Meanwhile, William
Tecumseh Sherman captured Atlanta,
Georgia.[6]
Sherman's
March to the Sea destroyed a hundred-mile-wide swath of Georgia.
In 1865, the Confederacy collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox
Court House; all slaves in the Confederacy were freed by the
Emancipation Proclamation. Slaves outside Confederate control were freed by
state action or by the Thirteenth Amendment.
Additional information regarding World War II can be
found at American Civil War - Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia
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THE SPANISH - AMERICAN WAR
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The Spanish-American War was a conflict between
the Kingdom of Spain and the United States of America
that took place from April to August 1898. The war ended in victory for the United
States and the end of the Spanish Empire in the Caribbean and Pacific. Only 113 days
after the outbreak of war, the Treaty
of Paris, which ended the conflict, gave the United States control |
over the former Spanish
colonies of Puerto
Rico, the Philippines
and Guam, and control over the
process of independence of Cuba,
which was completed in 1902.
Additional information regarding World War II can be found at Spanish-American War - Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia |
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WORLD WAR ONE
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World War I is also known as WW1 (abbreviation), the First World War,
the Great War, and "The War to End All Wars". WW1 was a global military conflict that took place mostly in
Europe between 1914 and 1918. It left millions dead and re-shaped the
modern world. The Allied
Powers, led by France,
Russia, the British Empire, and later,
Italy, defeated the Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, the German Empire, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
The American Expeditionary Forces or AEF was the United
States military force in World War I. US President Woodrow Wilson initially
planned to give command of the AEF to General Frederick
Funston, but after Funston's sudden death, Wilson appointed
General John
J. "Black Jack" Pershing in May 1917, who oversaw US forces throughout the war.
Pershing insisted that American soldiers be trained before going to Europe.
As a result, few troops would arrive before 1918.
By June 1917, there were 14,000 US
soldiers in France and by May of the next year there were one million
American troops.
The first American troops, who were called "Doughboys" by other
Allied troops, arrived in Europe in June 1917, and four companies from the 131st and
132nd Regiments (33rd Division) saw action at the Battle
of Le Hamel on July
4, 1918 while attached for training purposes to the Australian
4th Division.
However the AEF did not fully participate at the front until October,
when the 1st
Infantry Division, one of the best-trained divisions of the AEF,
entered the trenches
at Nancy. Pershing wanted an
American force that could operate independently of the other Allies, but his
vision could not be realized until adequately trained troops with sufficient
supplies reached Europe. |
Throughout 1917 and into 1918, American divisions were usually
employed to augment French and British units in defending their lines and in
staging attacks on German positions. Beginning in May 1918, with the first
United States victory at Cantigny,
AEF commanders increasingly assumed sole control of American forces in
combat. By July 1918, French forces
often were assigned to support AEF operations. During the Battle
of Saint-Mihiel, beginning September 12, 1918,
Pershing commanded the American
First Army, comprising seven divisions
and more than 500,000 men, in the largest offensive operation ever undertaken
by United States armed forces. This successful offensive was followed by the Meuse-Argonne
offensive, lasting from September 26 to November 11, 1918, during which Pershing commanded more than
one million American and French soldiers. In these two military operations,
Allied forces recovered more than two hundred square miles (520 km˛) of
French territory from the German army. By the time the Armistice ended combat
on November 11, 1918, the American Expeditionary Forces had evolved into a
modern, combat-tested army. The AEF sustained about 360,000
casualties, including 116,000 dead - some 50,000 of them were killed in
action or died of wounds - and 234,000 wounded. As a result of grave medical
and sanitary problems in training camps as well as in Europe, the greater
part of the AEF fell victim to disease, especially influenza.
Additional
information regarding World War II can be found at World War I - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
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WORLD WAR TWO
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World
War II (abbreviated WWII), or the Second World War, was a worldwide conflict fought between the Allied
Powers and the Axis
Powers, from 1939 until 1945. Armed forces from over
70 nations engaged in aerial, naval, and ground-based combat.
Spanning much of the globe, World War II resulted in the deaths of over sixty
million people, making it the deadliest conflict in human history. It ended
with an Allied victory.
On December 7,1941 a Japanese
carrier fleet launched an unexpected air attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack united American public
opinion to demand vengeance against Japan. The following day, December 8, the
United States declared war on Japan. Germany declared war on the United
States on December 11, 1941 even though it was not obliged to do so under the
Tripartite Pact.
German forces in Berlin surrendered the city to Soviet troops |
May 2, 1945, at General Alexander's headquarters, and
German forces in northern
Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands surrendered on May 4. The German High Command under
Generaloberst Alfred
Jodl surrendered unconditionally all remaining German forces on May 7 in Rheims, France. The
western Allies celebrated "V-E
Day" on May
8.
The American use of atomic weapons against Japan and the Soviet
invasion of Manchukuo prompted Hirohito
to bypass the existing government and intervene to end the war. The Japanese
surrendered on August
14, 1945, or V-J
day, signing the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on September
2. The Japanese troops in China formally surrendered to the Chinese on September 9, 1945. Additional information regarding
World War II can be found at World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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KOREAN WAR
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The Korean War, occurring between June 25, 1950 and a ceasefire on July 27, 1953, was a civil war between the states of North Korea and South Korea that were
created out of the post-World
War II Soviet and American occupation zones
in Korea, with large-scale participation by other countries.
The principal support on the side of the North Korean communists was the People's
Republic of China, with limited assistance by Soviet combat advisors, military
pilots, and |
weapons.
South Korea was supported by United Nations (UN) forces, principally from
the United
States, although many other nations also contributed personnel.
When conflicts began, North and South Korea existed as provisional
governments competing for control over the Korean peninsula after the Division
of Korea.
Additional
information regarding the Korean War can be found at Korean War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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VIETNAM WAR
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Vietnam
Soldiers Memorial, Washington, DC |
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The Vietnam War was a military conflict in
present day Vietnam occurring from
1959 to April 30, 1975. The conflict was a successful effort by
the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV or North
Vietnam) and the indigenous National Front for the Liberation of
South Vietnam, (also known as the Việt Cộng, or more
informally as the "Charlie", "VC" or "Cong") to
unify Vietnam as a communist
state, defeating the South Vietnamese Republic
of Vietnam (RVN). To a degree, the Vietnam War was a "proxy war" between
the U.S. and its Western allies on the side of the RVN, with the Soviet Union and the People's
Republic of China supporting the DRV on the other. As a result of
this it is often considered part of the Cold War. The
chief cause of the war was the failure of Vietnamese nationalists, in the
form of the Viet Minh, to gain control
of southern Vietnam both during and after their struggle for independence
from France in the First
Indochina War of 1946-1954. The
U.S., in particular, deployed large numbers of military personnel to South
Vietnam between 1954 and 1973. U.S. military advisors first became
involved in Vietnam as early as |
1950, when they began to assist French colonial
forces. In 1956, these advisors assumed full responsibility for training the Army of the Republic of Vietnam or ARVN. Large
numbers of American combat troops began to arrive in 1965 and the last left
the country in 1972.[2] At
various stages the conflict involved clashes between small units patrolling
the mountains and jungles, guerrilla
attacks in the villages and cities, and finally, large-scale conventional
battles. U.S. aircraft also conducted substantial aerial bombing campaigns,
targeting both logistical networks and the cities and transportation arteries
of North Vietnam. Large quantities of chemical
defoliants were also sprayed from the air in an effort to reduce
the cover available to enemy combatants. The Vietnam War was finally concluded
on 30 April 1975, with the fall of the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon to North Vietnamese
forces. The war claimed between 2 and 5.7 million Southeast Asian lives,[3] a large number of whom were
civilians.
Additional information regarding the
Vietman War can be found at Vietnam War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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GENERAL INFORMATION WEBSITESWe
recommend that you use the following search engine and external
links to obtain additional knowledge
about this topic.
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U.S. MILITARY
RECORD RESEARCH
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Introduction
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Indian
Wars
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Military Gravestone Inscription Abbreviations |
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Gravestones provided by the U.S. Government to
deceased military veterans contain a wide variety of inscriptions that can
give a researcher much valuable information about that persons service to
their country. In many cases it may
be difficult to figure out the military terminology utilized to identify the
nature of their military experience.
This difficulty is compounded by the many abbreviations used because
of the limited amount of space available on the headstone. More often than not these abbreviations
may not be well understood by many family historians. Below we have provided a brief lexicon of
the type of abbreviations used to describe U. S. military service in the
later half of the 19th century and much of the 20th
century.
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TERM 1C (1ST CL), 2C (2ND
CL), 3C (3RD CL) ACC ACW ADC ADM. APP. ARMR. ART. ARTIF. ART. ARTY. BATT. BATT., BN BRIG. BRIG, GEN. BVT. C.A., C.A.C. CAPT. CAS. DET. CAV. C.B.M. CLD. CO., COMP. COL. CORP., COR’PL, CPL. COX. C.P.O. C.S.A., C.S. C.W.V. FARR, ENG. G.A.R. H.A., H. ARTY. IND. INF., INFTY L.A.., LT. ART. LDS. LT. LIEUT. LT. COL. MAJ. MAJ. GEN. M.ATT. M.O.H. MUS., MUSC., MUSN. N.G. N.G.P. O.S. PA RES., P.R.C. PVT. QM. RG., REG’T., REGT. SEA., SN. SGT., SERGT. SIG. SP. AM. TR. U.C.V. U.S. U.S.A. U.S.C.T. U.S.M.C. U.S.N. U.S.N.M.C. U.S.V., U.S. VOL. U.S.W.V. WAGR. W.T. |
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CONTACT INFORMATION
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Snail Mail: Fred USA |
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Pony Express: Tom |
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