BREEDING
(possibly?) Bredon, Breden, Breedon of English origin. It is
derived from places (in Leicestershire and Worcestershire) that are
comprised of the Old English elements bre =hill + dun =low hill.
BROWNING is an
English patronymic name from the Old English given name Bruning,
which was originally a patronymic form of the name Brun , a nickname
that referenced something brown, like brown hair, brown complexion,
or brown clothing. The son of Brun was sometimes called Bruning,
which occasionally evolved into Browning (as did the vocabulary word
brun > brown) Brauning is the German cognate. Bruning (with an
umlaut -u) is the Low German form. Bruning is the Dutch form.
Bruynincks is the Flemish patronymic form.
BUCHANAN is a
Scottish place name for a location near Loch Lomond (by the bonnie,
bonnie banks of Loch Lomond....) which was named for the Gaelic
elements buth = house + chanain = "of the canon." The man who removed
from there to another settlement was sometimes described by his place
of origin.
BURK
Burckhardt/Borrows/Burg/Burge/Burks/Burr/Burris : German Place
Name...The principal surnames that refer to a fortified castle, an
imposing structure, or the peasant who lived nearby were Borrows,
Burg, Burge, Burks, Burr, and Burris -- which all came from the Old
English word burg which meant fort. Borg is generally the designation
used in Sweden, Norway, and Germany. Burckhardt was an especially
well fortified castle in Germany at the time surnames were being
adopted.
William
BURNS English Place
name. The man who lived in the lone cottage by the small stream was
called Burn, or Burns . The -S- was often added to names as an aid to
pronunciation. Other names with the same origin are Brooke, Bourne,
Beck , and Beckett. Also, Possibly a modern form of the ancient
Irish name "O'Conboirne". .
CAMPBELL a Scottish
nickname derived from Gaelic cam = crooked, bent + beul = mouth.
Gillespie O Duibhne was the first to have borne the nickname, and
founded clan Campbell at the beginning of the 13th century. Cambell,
Camble are variations.
Anne
COLEMAN is an
English and Scottish patronymic name from the Old Irish given name
Colman, from Columbun (from Latin Columba = dove). The Irish
missionary to Europe, St. Columban (540-615) made the name popular.
The name is sometimes derived as an Anglicized version of the Gaelic
O Clumbhain (descendant of Clumhan). As an occupational name, Coleman
was the man who gathered charcoal, from Old English col = coal + mann
= man -- and somewhat rarely, the name for the personal servant of
the man named Cole.
COLLINS /Cole/Coles
: English Patronymic Name...Nicholas was an extremely popular name in
early times -- in the 4th century, Nicholas was the patron saint of
children. Many names were derived from Nicholas, such as Nichols,
Nickles, Nickleson, McNichols. Collins derived from the ending of
Nicholas.
COMPTON is an
English Place name taken by the man from any of the English towns of
that name, which were named from the Old English word cumb = short,
straight valley + tun = enclosure. Cumb-tun would literally be
"enclosure in the short straight valley" with an enclosure being a
protective fort or stockade-type barrier within which several
families resided.
COONTZ (Earlier form of
COUNTS) Many surnames were Americanized when the recent
arrivals wanted to blend in with their established neighbors, and
Coons, Coonce , and others are examples of spelling that was
less reflective of their origin. Konrad is a German given name
composed of the elements kuoni = daring, brave + rad = counsel. It
was extremely popular during the Middle Ages, and as a result led to
a number of surnames and variations. Kunrad, Kuhnert, Kunert,
Kundert, Kuhnhardt Kuhnt, Kundt, Kurth are variations. Cognates
include Konert, Kohnert, Kohrt, Kordt, Kort (Low German); Koenraad
(Dutch), Kunrad, Konrad (Czech); Kondrat (Polish); Corradi, Corrado,
Cunradi, Cunrado (Italian). Diminutive forms include Kuhn, Kuhne,
Kuhndel, Kiehnelt, Kaindl, Kainz, Kunz (from which Coon and
Coonce were derived, among others), Kuntz, Kienzelmann,
Kunze (German); Cohr, Keuneke, Keunemann, Keuntje, Kohneke,
Konneke, Kunneke, Kohnemann , and others (Low German); Koene, Keune
(Dutch); Kuna, Kunes, Kunc (Czech); Kondratenkko, Kondratyuk
(Ukrainian). There are other versions of this name as well.
DEEL Dale is an English
place name for the man who lived in the valley, from Middle English
dale = dale, valley, from Old English doel and Old Norse dalr. It is
also a name that described the man who emigrated from any of the
several locations by that name. Daile, Dales, Deal are variations.
Cognates include Tal, Thal, Thaller, Thaler, Thalmann (German); Dahl,
Dahler, Dallmann, Dalman, Tendahl (Low German); Van den Dael, Van den
Daele, Va Daalen, Daelman, Daalman (Flemish); Van Dael, Dahl, Dall
(Dutch); Dahlen, Dahlin. Dahlman is a Swedish version, and numerous
ornamental names of the Swedes use Dahl as a compound element.
DIXON
/Dickson/Dickinson/Dickey/Dix/Dickens : English Patronymic
Name...The love of the English for Richard the Lion-Hearted in the
late 1100's caused a rash of names in his honor, in addition to three
often-used nicknames that derived from Richard: Rick, Hick, and Dick.
The son of a man given the latter of the nicknames was "Dick's son"
which evolved into Dixon, Dickson, Dickens, Dix, and Dickinson. In
colonial America, Dick's River (in Kentucky, for example) was spelled
Dix as often as Dick's until it was standardized, sometimes as late
as the 19th century.
EDWARDS is an
English Patronymic name from the Middle English given name Edward
from the Old English eadward, derived from ead =prosperity + weard
=guard.
ERVIN and its
counterparts Erwin/Irvin/Irwin are German Patronymic names from the
Old German given name Eorwine which means "sea, friend." On occasion
the name can be traced to Scottish roots and the places called Irvine
and Irving, which meant 'green river.' If you are of Scottish
descent, then the second is a strong possibility.
EVANS is a patronmic
form of the Welsh surname Evan, from the given name Ifan or Evan,
which was the Welch equivalent of John. Occasionally, when of
Scottish derivation it is a variation of Ewan, an Anglicized form of
the Gaelic given name Eogann, a form of the Latin name Eugene.
Heavan, and Heaven are variations of the Welsh form, Even is a Breton
cognate. Patronymic forms include Evens, Evance, Ifans, Ivings,
Avans, Heavans , and Heavens.
FERRELL is an Irish
patronymic name Anglicized from the Gaelic Ó Fearghail ,
meaning 'descendant of Fearghal " whose name was composed of fear =
man + gal = valour. O'Farrell, O'Ferrall, Farrel, Ferrell,
O'Farrelly, O'Ferrally, Farley, Frawley are all variations.
FIELDS Fielding is a
variation of the English place name Field, for the man who lived on
land that had been cleared of trees, and derived from Old English
feld = pasture, open country. Fielden, Feilden, Velden, Fielder,
Fielding, Atfield, Attfield , and Delafield are variations.
FINNEYFinn isn't
always Irish, of course, but when it is -- it's derived as an
Anglicized version of the Gaelic nickname Fionn , meaning 'white,'
which could have denoted prematurely white hair, or fair complexion,
etc. When Finn is of English origin it is derived from the Old Norse
given name Finnr with the same meaning. Occasionally, the name is of
Ashkenazic Jewish origin, but its exact meaning in that context isn't
clear. Variations are Finne, Fynn, Phinn, McGinn, Finsen (Danish),
McKynnan, Kinnan, O'Finn, O'Fionn , and many others.
FLETCHER is the
English occupational name for the maker of arrows, commonly called
the arrowsmith, or "fletcher" from the Old French word fleche =
arrow. Flechier, Flecher, Fleche are French cognate forms.
GRAVES is a
patronymic form of the English occupational name Grave, derived from
Middle English greyve = steward. Occasionally it is a variation of
the place name Grove, or if of French origin, the description for the
man who lived on gravelly soil, from Old French grave = gravel (of
Celtic origin). Graveston, Graveson, Grayston, Grayson , and Grayshon
are other patronymic versions.
GREEN, when derived
from an Irish context, is a translation of several Gaelic surnames
originating from uaithne = green, and glas = grey, green, blue: O
hUaithnigh was the surname that became Hooney, and glas became Glass.
When an English surname, it is derived from the color as a Nickname
for the man who liked to wear green, who played the "Green Man" in
the May Day celebration, or who lived near the village green.
GREGORY the English
Patronymic surname Gregory , from the same given name that was
popular throughout the Christian countries during the Middle Ages. It
derives from the Greek Gregorios , a variant meaning 'to be awake or
watchful' but was later associated with a term that meant 'good
shepherd.' Sixteen of the popes were named Gregory, starting with
Gregory the Great in 540 AD.
GRIFFIN a variation
of the name Griffeth. Griffeth is a spelling variation of the Welsh
patronymic name Gruffydd, which came from Old Welsh griff + udd =
chief, lord. The exactmeaning of griff in Old Welsh isn't completely
understood.
HAAS Haase is a German
Lowlands version of the English name Hare, which was the nickname for
the fast runner, or a person of nervous or timerous nature. Other
cognate forms are Hase (German); Haas, Haase (Low German); De Haese
(Flemish); De Haas (Dutch); Haas (Jewish ornamental). Hare is also
found among the Irish as an Anglicized form of O hAichir , which
meant " descendant of Aichear, " whose name meant fierce, sharp.
Variations of the Irish name are Hair, Haire, O'Haire, O'Hare,
O'Hagher, O'Hahir, O'Hehir
.
HARSH Harsh may be an
Americanized version of Harsch, a German nickname for the stern or
severe man, from German harsch = harsh, stern. It is also
occasionally an occupational name for the soldier, from Middle High
German harsch = body of troops.
HAY Hay is an English
and Scottish place name for the man who lived near an enclosure, from
Middle English haye > Old English geh¦g = enclosure, which was
later confused with Old French haye = hedge, after the Normans
invaded. Occasionally, it is a nickname for a tall man, from Middle
English hay = tall, high (from Old English heah = high). Haye, Hey,
Heye are variations. Hayes is a patronymic form.
HOWELL is a Welsh
patronymic name, from the given name Hywel, which meant 'Eminent' --
a popular name since the Middle Ages due to the Welsh king by that
name. Occasionally it derives as an English Place name from a place
in Lincolnshire from the Old English name Huna > hun = bear cub +
well = spring, stream. Howl and Howel are variations; patronymic
forms include Howels, Howells, Powell, Bowell .
JACKSON is an
English Patronymic name from the Old French given name Jacque, which
was the French form of Jacob ( Yaakov in Hebrew, meaning heel -- it's
a long story...)
JARA (?) Jarrett is a
diminutive form of the French occupational name Jarre, which
described the potter, from Old French jarre = earthenware vessel.
Jerrier is a variation of Jarre. Jarron is another diminutive form.
KEMPE Kempf is a
German cognate (same meaning, different language) of the English
surname Kemp, the Occupational name for the man who was a champion at
jousting or wrestling. It is derived from the Middle English word
kempe, which came from Old English cempa = warrior, champion, which
itself came from Latin campus = field, plain of battle. Kempe is a
variation of the English name, while other cognates include Kampf,
Kömpf from Germany; Kempner, Kempe from German Low Regions;
Kemper from Holland. Patronymic versions include Kempson, Kempers ,
and Kemppainen (Finnish).
KING King is an English
nickname, derived from Old English cyning, originally meaning tribal
leader, but it evolved to modern vocabulary as king. The name was
already in use before the Norman conquest, and was a common nickname
for the man who carried himself like royalty, or to the man who had
played the part of the king in a medieval pageant (several surnames
were derived from medieval pageants -- must have been quite the
attraction -- and the players must have been celebrities of sorts, as
a result). Rarely, the name was given to the man who worked for
royalty as a footman or servant.
KISER Kyser is a
spelling variation of Keiser, which is a variation of Kaiser, the
German nickname for the man who lived in a stately manner -- derived
from German Kaiser = emperor, from the Latin title Ceasar. It may
also have been a nickname for the man who played an emperor in the
village pageant (many of the well-played parts stuck as nicknames,
which became surnames). Kaiser is also found as a Jewish ornamental
name. German variations include Keser, Keiser, Kayser, Keyser .
Jewish forms include Kaiserman, Keiserman, Keiser, Keizer. There are
also cognate forms in several languages.
KRAUSE
Kruse/Krusekopf : German Nickname...Kruse is a Low(land)German
version of the surname Kraus , which -- along with Kruskopf -- was
given as a nickname for one with curly hair. Kraus means curly.
LEA Lee/Lea : The
surname Lea is derived from the Old English word leah , which meant
'clearing in the woods' and the ending -ley- is the second-most
common among English surnames. Lee and Lea were also the names of
many small towns that were in the valley or the 'clearing in the
woods.
LEGER (British).
"People spear" (Germanic); usually through Saint Leger. May also be a
deliberate variation of "Leacher" or "Lecher", for obvious reasons.
LONG English
Descriptive name. During early times when surnames were being
adopted, the man they called Long was especially tall and lanky.
Lange is found among the Dutch, Norwegians, and Germans. Lang, Lange
, and Langer are the German versions, while DeLanghe is the Flemish,
De Lang is Dutch and Lang and Lange are the Danish and Norwegian
versions.
MATTHEWS
Matthews/Mathis : English Patronymic Name...Matthew means
'gift of Yahweh' as does Matthias -- both were popular first names in
early times, and it is almost impossible to determine which
derivatives came from which name...at any rate, Matthews and Mathews
are English Patronymic names (from the father) and Mathis is the
German counterpart. Matthews with the double-t was more popular in
Wales. Matusek is a spelling variation of Matousek , a diminutive
Czechoslovakian form of Matous = Matthew. It's the equivalent of
"Little Matthew."
METCALFE is a
variation of the English nickname Metcalf, from Middle English
metecalf = meat calf, and was the name given the herdsman or
slaughterer, or sometimes attached as a nickname to the sleek and
plump person.
MULLINS (?)
MacMullen is an Anglicized version of the Gaelic Mac Maolain , which
means "son of Maolan." The name Maolan was a diminutive form of the
Gaelic word maol, which meant "bald" but in most cases regarding the
surname referred to "tonsured" as in, "one who wore a tonsure," or
"devotee." It is considered an Ecclesiastical Highland clan. The more
common Anglicized form of the name is McMillan, but it is also found
as McMillen, McMullan, McMullen, McMullin, McMullon, McMowlane,
McMoylan O'Mullane is a variation of Mullen, as are Mullens, Mullin,
Mullins, Millin, Mullings, Mullane, Mulhane, Mullon, Millens,
Milling, Mollan,Moylan, Melane, O'Moylane, O'Mullane, O'Mollane ,
O'Melane. (All of the Mc names began as Mac, the Gaelic term for "son
of")
OWENS is a patronymic
variation of the Welsh surname Owen, from the Welsh personal name
Owain, likely drawn from Latin Eugenius. Bowen is another patronymic
form, a shortened version of ap'Owen .
RAMEY is a variation
of the name Ram, which -- as a French name -- described the man who
lived in a thickly wooded area, from the Old French term raim =
branch. Ramey is considered a "diminutive" term -- somewhat like
"little ram." Ramel, Ramelet, Rameaux, Rameau, Ramelot, Ramlot, Ramet
are other variations of the French version of the surname Ram.
RICH Richey, Richie ,
and Rich (when not a nickname for the man with money, or ironically
for the poor man) are diminutive forms of the English patronymic name
Richard; found among the English, French, German, Flemish, Dutch, and
derived from a Germanic given name of the elements ric = power + hard
= hardy, brave. Variations of Richard are Ritchard, Ricard, Riccard,
Rickard, Rickerd, Rickert, Rickett, Ricket (all English versions).
There are cognates and patronymic forms as well, in several
languages.
ROGERS English/French
Patronymic name from the given name Roger which was brought to
England by the Normans as Rogier. Its elements are hrod = renown +
geri = spear, or `reknowned spearman.
ROMAINE Romaine is a
variation of the English, French, Rumanian, Catalan, Polish,
Ekrainian, and Belorussian surname Roman, from the Latin given name
Romanus , which was the name of several early saints and contributed
to its early popularity. Occasionally, it is found as a place name
for the man from Rome. Variations are Romain, Romaine, Romayne,
Romayn (English), Romain (French for the place name), Roma (Catalan),
Romanski (Poland).
SCHENK the German
occupational name for the man who served as a cup-bearer, or server
of wine, from Middle High German Scenko , from scenken = to pour out.
The vocabulary word schenke came to be used as an occupational name
for the innkeeper, and later it was used as an honorary title for a
high court official. Variations are Shenk, Schenke, Schenker (tavern
keeper). Shenker, Schenker, Sheinker, Sheinkar, Szenkier are all
Ashkenazic Jewish versions (a common name, as at one time only Jews
were allowed to sell alcohol in the Russian Empire).
SHELLEY is an
English place name that described the man from any of the so-named
locations in Sussex, Essex, Suffolk, Yorkshire -- derived from Old
English scylf = shelf + leah = wood, clearing. Shelly is a variation.
SMITH Smith : is an
English Occupational name for man who works with metal, one of the
earliest jobs for which specialist skills were required. It is a
craft that was practiced in all countries, making the surname and its
cognizants the most widely found of all occupational names in Europe.
Medieval Smiths made horseshoes, plows, and items for the house.
English variations are Smyth , and Smither ; German = Schmidt ;
Flemish = De Smid ; Dutch = Smit ; Norwegian = Smidth ; Polish =
Szmyt ; Czechoslovakian = Smid ; Jewish = Schmieder . Even the
gypsies had the name: the Romany Petulengro translates to Smith.
STANLEY is an
English place name derived from the Old English elements stan = stone
+ leah = wood, clearing, and described the man who lived at the stony
clearing in the woods, or a similar known geographic location.
SUTHERLAND is a
Scottish regional name that described the man who came from the
former county by this name, which got its name from Old Norse su?roen
= southern + land = land. It was called the South land because it was
south of Scandinavia and south of the Norse colonies of Orkney and
Shetland Islands. The man who came from that area of Scotland was
referred to by his former place of residence.
SWANSON Swann/Swan :
English Nickname for a person noted for purity of excellence
(attributes of the swan, supposedly), from Old English swan. Some
Swan surnames derived from the signs at the roadside inns during
early times, when people didn't read signs as much as they looked at
the pictures &endash; and innkeepers sometimes took their sign's
picture as a surname. (Most were animals, birds or fish.)
Occasionally, Swan is derived as an Occupational name for the servant
or retainer as a variant of Swain . Cognates include Schwan (German),
De Swaen (Flemish), De Swaan , Van den Swaan, Van den Zwaan (Dutch),
Svane (Norwegian), and Svahn, Swahn (Swedish)
SWEETSER Sweet :
Swett is a variation of Sweet, an English Nickname for a popular
person, derived from Old English swete . Given names Swet(a) --
masculine, and Swete -- feminine, were derived from this word, and
survived into the early Middle Ages, and may be the source of the
surname. Swett isn't the only variant. Also (British). "Man from
Switzerland".
TAYLOR Taylor is an
English occupational name for the tailor, from Old French tailleur
< late Latin taliare = to cut. It is among the most commonly found
surnames, due to its popularity as a medieval occupation. Variations
are Tayler, Tailour, Taylour . Cognate forms include Tailleur,
Letailleur, Taillandier, Tallendier. Taylorson, Taylerson are
patronymic forms of the name.
THOMASSON Thomas
is one of the most common given names, and as a result, it created a
HUGE number of surnames found throughout Europe. See the definition
under Thompson for more info on its origins
THOMPSON English
and Scottish Patronymic name from Thomas (twin) which was a popular
name in the Middle Ages (and still is...). The name Thomas comes from
an Aramaic term for "twin." It was one of the really popular given
names at a very early time, which led to people who bore the name
achieving some renown, leading to an increased popularity. The first
letter of the name was originally the Greek "theta" which accounts
for the TH spelling -- the pronunciation of which was lost due to the
French influence in the earliest stages of the name. As with many of
the early popular given names, they became the subject of variations
due to familiarity or fondness -- pet names, if you will -- in the
same fashion that William Clinton is called Bill, or William Mayes
was called Willie. Several of the pet forms of Thomas (there are
loads of them, like Tom, Tommy, etc.) did not carry on as given names
to modern times, and involved the letter -p, which was generally
added as a pronunciation aid to make a pet form. For example, from
Thomas came the pet form Thompkin, similar to Thumbkin being a
"little thumb" (a nursery rhyme). Thompkin was "little Tom" and when
someone described his son, they might say William -- Thompkin's son.
They also contracted names or dropped the diminutive (or pet) form,
which would cause Thompkin as an adult to be known as Thom or Thomp,
for short. His son might be described as William -- Thomp's son. And
that is what Thompson means -- son of the man known as Thom, Thomp,
or Thompkin, or other diminutive form of Thomas.
VERMILLION
Vermillion is likely a Dutch place name from van der million
in a collapsed form, and meaning "from the mill" or a town named in
that sense.
WAGNER /Waggoner :
German/English Occupation Name...One who drove the high-sided carts
or wagons carrying produce between manors was called the Waggoner in
England, and the German counterpart is Wagner. Among the Pennsylvania
Germans who were among the first non-English settlers of the American
colony, Wagner also denoted a wagon-maker. According to one survey,
Wagner is 116th on the list of most-frequently found surnames in
America.
WALKER The majority
of the Worlds Walkers get there name from the word "walk" relating to
the Fulling process, from the early cloth manufacturing trade. It
appeared first in the "Low Countrys" , predominalty in the Rhineland
region. It is very likely that the name spread as a Guild name. The
term (Oc. and village name) Walker is atleast 1000 yrs old, possibly
older. There are German villages with "Walk" names dating back to
before 1000 AD. German Village names usually pre date surnames. There
are also several Villages with "Walk" names in England, English
village names rarely pre date the 12th century. (From the
Walker
website) It is also the English and Scottish occupational name
for the fuller (also a surname) from the Old English elements
wealcere/wealcan = to walk, tread. The fuller was the dresser of
cloth, which was readied by beating it, or soaking it in water and
trampling, or walking on it. Walker is sometimes derived also from a
place in Northumberland by that name from Middle English wall = Roman
wall + kerr = marsh.
WALLER
Wall/Walls/Waller : English Place and Occupational Name...one
who lived by the wall (medieval towns always used them for
protection) was Wall/Walls/Waller, and the name was also used to
designate the one who did the repair.
WHITE Whitt is a
variation of the Scottish, English, and Irish nickname White, which
described the man with white hair, or a pale complexion. There was
also a Middle Ages given name Whita, which bore the same meaning
(pale complexion), and the name is sometimes a patronymic identifier
from that given name.
YATES is a patronymic
form of Yate, the North English place name for the man who lived near
a gate, or occasionally an occupational name for a gatekeeper, from
Old English geat = gate. Yeats, Yeates, Yetts, Yeatman, Yetman are
variations.