
| Not only does this picture suggest that the topography of the area isn't completely flat (in contrast to what I saw in central Poland), it also indicates that some farmers don't have access to--or may not choose to use--more mechanized haying technology. However, while in my travels I would see hay wagons | being loaded by hand in one field and then drawn away by a horse or perhaps a three-wheeler or motorcycle, down the road in another field would be a huge hay baling machine. Forgetting about the economic and labor implications of the 19th century technology, I can see in these haystacks the kind of farming which my ancestors practiced. |
| Most pasture that I saw in the Raczki area, as well as throughout Poland, is unfenced. Livestock is therefore tethered--a much more labor-intensive practice, since each animal has to be led out and | back each day, as well as possibly moved at least once during the day. When animals are tethered near the road drivers sometimes have quite memorable views of their hindquarters almost sticking out onto the road. |
| The tractor of recent vintage, as well as the power lines which I chose not to edit out, help to disabuse us of any misconception of Poland being "backward." | In addition, although this northeast corner of Poland isn't normally excessively humid, it can experience hazy heat as on this day in late July. |
| Most of the roads connecting the various settlements around Raczki are one-lane dirt roads, which may challenge the suspension systems on some automobiles, but which--at least in my view--rather than suggesting poverty or lack of development, match the beauty of the rest of the landscape and are appropriate for their apparently primary agricultural use. | While I encountered a few cars and the occasional motorcycle on these roads, the more common modes of transportation would be gasoline- or horse-powered farm vehicles, bicycles, or shoe-leather. The people walking or bicycling to or from their destinations might be carrying purchases made in town, or scythes or hay rakes on the way to or from haying. On the whole, though, I encountered little traffic. |
A final comment: as I write this in September 2002, I find it interesting that New York State is running tv spots and has a website to promote the use of "the highways and byways" of New York State. So, lest we think that Poland is "backwards" because of the scarcity of high-speed dragways, we might want to consider that people in Poland, while certainly not averse to driving fast, might better appreciate something that at least New York is trying to recover. In addition, the following statement by Charles Kuralt might be thought-provoking:
"Thanks to the Interstate Highway System, it is now possible to travel across the country from coast to coast without seeing anything. From the Interstate, America is all steel guardrails and plastic signs, and every place looks and feels and sounds and smells like every other place." -- Charles Kuralt, On the Road with Charles Kuralt
| One characteristic of both paved and dirt/gravel country roads in Poland is the beauty created by arboreal archways. While crop and pasture land | would sometimes abut the road, just as often it would be separated from the road by columns of trees that create shade and visual variation. |
| Storks are as fond of nesting in the Raczki area as they are throughout the rest of Poland. All of the nests which I saw sat upon platforms | erected on the tops of power poles rather than on roofs; the power poles were typically constructed out of concrete. |

