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The Golden Falcon |
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Chapter VII/2 - Redrose |
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And
my Will fulfilled, I bequeath the residue of my estate to Walter Talbot,
Humphrey Talbot and Margaret my children.
Proved 15th January 1545 ("Testamenta Vetusta"). Collins'
Peerage 1768 (vol. ii. p.426 and MS note) asserts the Will was proved 15th
June following October 1542 but as he died on 22.10.1549 it is more likely
it was proved in January 1543 as stated in the MS note. Gilbert
Talbot1
of Grafton (son and heir of Sir Gilbert Talbot, knight of the Garter) by
his first wife Anne, daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Paston of
Paston, Norfolk, knight and his wife Ann (sister and co-heiress of Edmund
Beaufort, duke of Somerset) had two sons, Humphrey2
and Walter3,
who both died without issue and three daughters who became his
co-heiresses (1) Margaret4
wife of Sir Robert Newport of Rushock, Worcs, knight (2) Elizabeth5
wife of Sir John Lyttleton of Frankley, Worcs., knight and (3) Mary who
married Sir Thomas Astley9
of Pateshull, Stafford,
knight. Eleanor
Talbot6,
wife of Geoffrey Dudley was probably his daughter by Elizabeth, widow of
William Wynter (unidentified). Gilbert
Talbot7
and Gilbert Talbot8
(son of Walter Talbot) are unidentified unless the second was son of his
illegitimate son Walter (by Elizabeth, widow of William Winter). On
24.2.1414 Henry V made John Talbot (when aged 29), lieutenant of Ireland
where he carried on a murderous feud with James Butler (1405-52) 4th earl
of Ormond, justiciar and lieutenant of Ireland but they were reconciled in
1441 when Ormond's daughter, Elizabeth Butler, married Talbot's son.
John left Ireland in 1420 and again on 12.3.1445 but returned in
1446 only to leave again in 1447. His
brother Richard Talbot, Archbishop of Dublin was left as his deputy in
1420, made justiciar between 12.4.1437 and 12.2. 1438 and again in
November 1444. He was made
Chancellor in 1441. Sir
Thomas Talbot, John's brother was made deputy on 30.5.1418.
He also had a cousin called Thomas Talbot in Ireland and a Thomas
Talbot was Prior of the Hospital of St.
John of Jerusalem in 1457. In
1444 at the suggestion of the duke of Orleans, a wife was chosen for Henry
VI. She was Margaret, daughter of René of Anjou, duke of
Lorraine and titular King of Sicily and Jerusalem.
René's sister, Isabella, was Queen of France and his brother,
Charles of Anjou, one of the king's chief advisors.
In February 1444 William de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, Adam Moleyns,
Dean of Salisbury and Sir Robert Roos went to France to bring Margaret to
England after a proxy marriage. Margaret
was born at the castle of Pont-a-Mousson in Lorraine on 23.3.1429, the
youngest of the four children of René de Anjou, duke of Bar and Isabelle
of Lorraine. René was
titular King of Jerusalem, the Two Sicilies, Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia
& Corsica, duke of Anjou, Barrois & Lorraine, count of Provence,
Forcalquier & Piedmont, Prince of Gerona, duke of Calabria, lord of
Genoa, count of Guise, Maine, Chailly and Longjumeau and marquis of
Pont-a-Mousson. When Margaret
was born, her father was accompanying Jeanne d'Arc to the castle of Chinon.
She was baptised by Henry de Ville, Bishop of Toul and until she
married, lived between her father's castles in Lorraine, Bar-le-Duc,
Angers and Tarascon. Negotiations
made to marry her to Charles of Borugges, son of Philip, count of Nevers
or Pierre de Luxembourg fell through when Henry VI made an offer for her
hand. Margaret
had been visiting her aunt Marie of France when Cardinal Thomas Beaufort
of Winchester was at Chinon and he was full of praise for her when he
returned to England. A French
knight Jules Champchevier, a prisoner of war living at Sir John Fastolf's
house, was sent to Saumur to obtain a portrait of her.
A miniature by her father in the "Le
Livre des Heures" shows her as a very pretty young girl. A
marriage agreement was signed on 28.5.1444 at a conference at which
William de la Pole, duke of Suffolk was the English representative - he
was created Marquis and Grand Seneschal of the Royal Household by Henry VI
because of the successful outcome of the negotiations. Arrangements
were made for an immediate marriage and Suffolk went to René's court at
Nancy, the capital of Lorraine. A
double wedding was held on 27.2.1445 at the Cathedral of Tours and was
attended by Charles and Marie, king and queen of France (Margaret's aunt
and uncle), René and Isabelle, king and queen of Sicily-Anjou (her
parents), the duke and duchess of Calabria (Margaret's brother John and
his wife), the Dauphin Louis and the duke of Alençon. Suffolk
stood proxy for Henry IV. The
other couple were Margaret's sister Yolande of Anjou and Count Ferri de
Vaudemont. The ceremony was
performed by Louis d'Harcourt, Bishop of Toul, assisted by half the
prelates in France and Cardinal Beaufort.
The Maids of Honour were Jehanne de Laval and Agnes Sorel - the
former become René of Anjou's second wife, the latter Charles VII of
France's mistress. The bride
could not afford a wedding dress of her own so wore the queen of France's
wedding dress of cloth of gold embroidered with the lilies of France and a
red velvet robe trimmed with ermine. Margaret
left for England 9 days later, travelling through Champagne to Nantes
(where Richard of York met her), then to Rouen and up river to Honfleur
where she took a ship the "Cokke
John" and arrived on 10.4.1444 at Porchester.
Margaret caught some infection so Henry had to delay meeting her.
An espousal ceremony was performed at the priory church of St. Mary
and All Saints by Cardinal Kemp and arrangements made for a state wedding
and her coronation. Another
wedding ceremony took place at the Abbey church of Titchfield, performed
by Cardinal Beaufort on 23.4.1444. Margaret
was only 16 years old when she was crowned on 30.5.1444 at Westminster. In
1453 the king memory began to fail, he could not walk and lost all sense
of feeling. At the same time
Margaret's mother died. Margaret's
son was born on St. Edward's Day (11.10.1453) and was named Edward. By Christmas Henry had recovered. The
Gloucester-Beaufort feud carried on unabated.
The former was removed from the Privy Council, denied access to the
king and indicted for malpractice - Suffolk was his chief accuser.
A parliament was held at Bury in 1447 and Gloucester was summoned
there. He had only 80 men
with him, he was arrested immediately on arrival and 5 days later he was
dead. William
de la Pole, duke of Suffolk was a friend of John, duke of Somerset who had
given him the wardship and marriage of his 3-year-old daughter Margaret
Beaufort (b. 1441) when he died and everyone believed she would be married
to Suffolk's son John de la Pole (b. 1442).
Suffolk had Pope Nicholas V's licence dated 18.8.1450 permitting
them to remain married, which formed part of his indictment.
Ralph Butler, 1st Lord Suddeley was also indicted with Suffolk in 1443- 5. Maine
(which had been given to the earl of Somerset's brother Edmund Beaufort,
earl of Dorset), was surrendered to the French in 1447 and Beaufort was
made lieutenant of France and Normandy.
Although Le Mans fell next to the French, Beaufort was made duke of
Somerset in 1448. In
March 1449 the English captured Fougéres in Brittany and the French took
Pont de l'Arche near Rouen in retaliation, then attacked Normandy and
Guyenne. Rouen fell in November 1449 to a combined force of French,
Burgundians and Bretons, followed by Harfleur.
Reinforcements of 2,500 men, sent under Sir Thomas Kyriell, were
nearly all slain. Vire,
Bayeux, Avranches, Caen, Falaise, Domfront and Cherbourg fell in quick
succession followed by Begerac, Blanquefort, Bordeaux and Bayonne in
Guyenne but the merchants of the Bordelais rebelled against the French and
John Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury, was sent as Lieutenant of Aquitaine.
In June 1453 the French besieged Castillon and Shrewsbury died on
17.7.1453, trying to lift the siege.
The Hundred Year's War ended when Charles VII entered Bordeaux on
17.10.1453. The
English had owed their victories to their archers at Agincourt, Crevant,
Verneuil and at the battle of the Herrings but at the end of the Hundred
Year's War, the longbow was replaced by artillery - the French made use of
cannon which had been improved by Jean and Jasper Bureau. Adam
Moleyns, Bishop of Chichester (who when dean of Salisbury accompanied
Suffolk on the embassy to France to arrange the marriage of Margaret of
Anjou) was murdered in January 1443 at Portsmouth by the remnants
Kyriell's soldiers for being a traitor who sold Normandy and the duke's
impeachment was prepared by Ralph, lord Cromwell, a former supporter of
the Beauforts, who was assaulted by a Suffolk supporter as a result. The
duke of Suffolk was indicted on 7.2.1450 for taking bribes to release the
duke of Orleans, for surrendering Maine, for betraying secrets to French,
of trying to put his son John on the throne by marrying him to Margaret
Beaufort, heiress of Lancaster, of having driven the duke of
Brittany to defect to the French, of malversation as Steward of the King's
Household, of inducing the king to grant franchises
"whereby murders, manslaughters, robberies and other felonies, riots
and misgovernance increased", of procuring offices and grants for
his friends, misusing subsidies and for breaking off negotiations for the
king's marriage to the daughter of John, count of Armagnac. Suffolk
was also suspected of having murdered the Duke of Gloucester - he escaped
the London mob only to be beheaded with a rusty sword by sailors on the/
"Nicholas of the Tower" when he left England on 3.4.1450
after being exiled by the king and his headless body dumped at Dover.
William
de la Pole was said to have been the son of a Hull merchant whose surname
derived from the Pool of Hull but there was another contemporary family,
with the same surname who were descended from Gwenwynwyn, prince of Powis
whose descendants took the name of de la Pole from Welshpool (Trallwng).
1240
- the rights to lands claimed by Gruffyd ap Gwenwynwyn. lord of South
Powis presented for arbitration to the Papal legate, Otto, cardinal deacon
of St. Nicola, in accordance with the peace treaty dated 15.5.1240. 1242
- Gruffyd ap Gwenwynwyn (d. 1291) married Hawise le Strange of Shropshire. 1262
- Gruffyd ap Gwenwynwyn allied himself with Llywelyn ap Griffith. 1271
- Liberate Roll of Henry III - the King to pay his Treasurers and
Chamberlain from our Treasury to Stephen le Long, William de la Pole and
Nicholas la Champyon, merchants of Tottenys (Totnes. Devon). 1272
- Owain de la Pole in Wales during the reign of Edwar: inquisition of
lands: Anno vicesimo primo Edw. I (1272) No. 22: Audoenus (Owen) de la
Pole held in Wallia - Mathrafal in Kyrimeon, Soetlanner Wodell, Welwarne
in Keiveliko, (Cyfeliog), de la Pole villa et baronia, Lanlidlas (Llanidloes),
Machenli (Machenllyth), Pempres Iscoit, Talgar (Talgarth), Langarike, Pole
barony. 1272
- Inquisition 1 Edward I: Griffin (Gruffyd) de la Pole held Llanuwynnock
in Arwystli of Bishop of Bangor. 1274-5
- Gruffyd ap Gwenwynwyn conspired with David ap Llywelyan and some of his
lands were given to Mortimer.
1282
- Gruffyd ap Gwenwynwyn sided with Edward I and is made a baron at Pool (Welshpool
or Trallwng). His lawsuit
regarding Arwystli in Powis was heard before William of Hopton. 1286
- Llywelyn (William), son of Griffith ap Gwenwynwyn founded Llanfyllin. 1292
- Anno 25 Edw. No. 86: Ludovicus (Lewis) de la Pole held in Wallia,
Goresgannon, Meghenhucoyt. 1292
- petition by Hawise, wife of
Gruffyd ap Gwenwynwyn, regarding her lands in Wales.
She was a le Strange of Shropshire where her dower was confirmed by
the king's attorney but she could not be endowed in Wales at the time of
her marriage. The petition
was withdrawn and she was given her husband's lands in Derby and the manor
of Ashford. 1293
- William de la Pole of Ravenser was given manor of Myton-juxta-Hull by
Edward I, formerly Wyke-upon-Hull which replaced the old port of Ravenser,
encroached by the sea. In
1272. The Italian Lombard
merchant and banking firms of Frescobaldi & Riccardi were situated at
Wyke-upon-Hull, a minting centre and exchange.
He married Elena whose 2nd husband was John Rotenherying. 1297
(Edw I) - William de la Pole had to raise 300 Welshmen in Powys and march
them to Durham or Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1308 - Inquisition 12 Edw. II No. 79: Griffinus filius et here Audoeni de la Pole (Gruffydd ap Owen de la Pole) held de la Pole Castle, Differth, Lannerchudell, Trevenont, Castle Selweyn Tidinprid, Trallongoloyn (Trallwng), Gaer Bruchtur, Estravelnedon, Megheyn, Gartgeven, Funoun Arthur, Gwinna, Bodwarth, Glasmeynock, Lanvetheline de Meghyn, Kenyncogh, Garochgelennyinvaur, Nantfellowe, Kelennock, Kinynnon, Talgarth in Arwystli, Llagerygg, Bronedogeyr, Pembres. 1309
- Inquisition Edw. II No. 50: Griffinus de la Pole filius Audoeni de la
Pole (Gruffyd ap Owen de la Pole) held de la Pole Castle, "patria"
Powys, de la Pole village, Renwyriarthe, Pentarche, Delerhethe, Pennarthe,
Lanenau, Thelefwian, Blaunte, Bringwaydan, Maghenleit, Keveliok (Cyfeliog)
mercat, Grenhalle, Lestinwynam. 1309 - Inq 2 Edw.II, 2nd Nos. No. 79 - John de Cherlton by gift of Edward II married Hawise, sister and heiress of Griffin ap Owen called Griffin de la Pole by reason of his residence at Pole commonly called Welsh Pole [Welshpool]. 1310
- inquisition: Griffin Weminwy, Lord of de la Pole = Hawise (Strange)
>: (a)
Lodowic/Lewis (d. 1295) = Sibilla. (b)
Owen de la Pole (d. 1293) >:
A. Griffin (d. 1309).
B. Hawisia (b. 1291) =
John Everlet (John of Charlton). 1310
- Inquisition 4 Edw. II No. 39: Hawisia uxor Griffini de la Pole (Hawise, wife of Gruffyd de la Pole)
held in Shropshire - Argyngeroyd, Kekidena, Buchegedin, Trenedrit,
Bronannyrth, Launrevel, Kenywd, Leffyn, Namneygehand, Botynton &
Trewerne, Hope of Gawes barony. 1319
- Griffin (Gruffyd), son and heir of William de la Pole (probate in
Wales). 1327
- Richard, brother of William de la Pole of Hull was king's butler. 1328
- Richard and William de la Pole of Hull fell into arrears with loans to
the king and the Lombard banking firm of Bardi took their place. 1330
- The Office of Sheriff of Merioneth was granted to Griffin, son of
William de la Pole [Fine
Roll, 4th Edw III]. 1340
- William de la Pole of Hull lent money to the king. 1346
- William, Griffin, Michael and Walter de la Pole at the battle of Crecy. 13??
- John and Gruffyd de la Pole were mentioned as attorneys in Wales ("Records
of Caernarfon"). 1367
-- Petition of Hawise de la Pole mentioned her son William and Gladys,
wife of William, included amongst petitions from individuals in North
Wales heard at Kennington Royal Parliament (quadragesima Anno Regni Edw.
Tricesimo - Adhus de peticionibus singularum p'sona North Walliae). 40
Edward III (1367) "Ad
peticoem D'na Haweysye de la Pole (Lady Hawise de la Pole)
de eo q'd Ministri d'ni Princ nup seisierunt in man sui Princ villam
de Llandebon in Monchei que est dote sua & q'am ta'didit Willmo de la
Pole fil suo (William de la Pole, her son) tenend ad voluntatem ipius
Haweysye eo q'd idm. Willms
tenuit illam quo obiit. Res
est q'd fiat bre d'ni de diem clausit extremu & Justic c'tficet d'm'n.
Ad peticoem Wladuse qui fuit ux. Will. de la Pole [Gladys, who was wife of
William de la Pole]
q'd possit here ronabilem
dotem suam que eam contingit de libo tenemento quod fuit p'dci Willi
quondam viri sui in Powys. Et
ciam quod possit here custodiam terra & ten. que fuerunt dei Will. usq.
ad leiam etatem hedis euisdem Willi. P. ext. inde f'cam.
Et q'd, possit here
maritag. d'ci hedis. Res es q'd heat ronabilem dotem suam de tris
& ten p'dcis & inde sequatr. coram justic. Et quod ad custiam traz
concessa est ei custodia in forma d'c'sa. p. exgentam inde p. justic. fac
& quo ad maritagiu dus vult inde consulete & iniunctu est justic.
q'd venir fac d'no princ. corpus d'ci hedis & sup. d'nus. Hugh
Daudelee (Hugh de Audley) manucepit coram consilio ad. ducend corpus d'ci.
hedis coram justic. ad voluntatem eiusdm. justic. & q'd int'im se non
maritabit." 1379
- John de la Pole, Justiciar in North Wales "pascho anno r.r. Richard
sc'di septimo (at Easter 7 Richard II). Griffin
(Grufffyd) de la Pole, attorney to Thomas de Engleton. 1388
- Michael de la Pole, earl of Suffolk (inquisition) held lands in
Buckinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Suffolk and Yorkshire. 1416
- John de la Pole "clericus"
and Michael de la Pole, earl of Suffolk (inquisition)
held lands in Buckinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Suffolk, Essex,
Norttinghamshire, Hampshire, Northamptonshire, Middlesex, Yorkshire and
Norton Hamerdon, Somerset. 1417
- William de la Pole, brother of Michael & son and heir of Michael de
la Pole (inquisition). 1419
- Katherine, wife of Michael de la Pole earl of Suffolk (inquisition) held
lands in Nottinghamshire, Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Lincolnshire,
Yorkshire. 1419
- Edmund de Pole (inquisition) held land in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire,
London & Kent. 1420
- Thomas de la Pole (inquisition) held lands in Somerset, Northamptonshire,
Wiltshire, Hampshire, Buckinghamshire, Dorset, Norton Hanmerdon, Somerset
and Grafton, Worcestershire. 1421
- Anne, wife of Thomas de la Pole (inquisition) held Norton Hamerdon,
Somerset. 1428
- Elizabeth, wife of Walter de la Pole and Thomas, son of and heir of
Thomas de la Pole (inquisition) held Lockington, Wiltshire, lands in
Buckinghamshire, Somerset, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Northamptonshire and
Norton Hamerdon, Somerset and Grafton, Worcestershire. 1434
- Walter & Elizabeth de la Pole (inquisition) held lands in Essex,
Kent, London, Surrey, Worcestershire, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Dunstan
by the Tower of London. 1459-60
- John de la Pole (inquisition) held Brishale, Essex from the Duke of
Buckinghamshire. 1480
- Geoffrey de la Pole (inquisition) held lands in Buckinghamshire
including Medmenham. 1483
- Joan, wife of John de la Pole (inquisition) held lands in Devon. 1499
- (14 Henry VII) - Richard Poole, King's Justiciar in North Wales. In
1450 a month after Suffolk's death, there was a Yorkist rebellion
involving men from Kent, Surrey and Sussex, led by a man who called
himself John Mortimer or "John
Amendall", a captain of Kent, claiming to be a cousin of the duke
of York.
There
was a Sir John Mortimer, cousin of the earl of March, who was imprisoned
on suspicion of treason in 1421. He
was executed in 1424. for plotting to slay the duke of Gloucester and the
Bishop of Winchester (Fastolf's executor) and place the earl of March on
the thronr. The earl brought
a large retinue to the meeting to Parliament and kept open house at the
residence of the Bishop of Salisbury.
He was ordered to take up his appointment as Lieutenant of Ireland
and died of the plague. His
claim and lands were inherite by his nephew, Richard of York, son of the
earl of Cambridge. Some
believed the rebel leader was John Aylmer, a doctor married to a squire's
daughter. The government
claimed he was Jack Cade, an Irish soldier who had committed rape and
murder and had been forced out of Ireland.
The surname Cadel; appears in Ireland - John Cadel (c. 1320) who
asked for the office of Porter in Dublin Castle for good service and
because he had lost his brother and cousin by the Scots in Ireland. Jack Cade was born in about 1420-30 and was variously described as a clothier or tanner. He was supposed to have been in the duke of York's retinue in Ireland, lived in "Taundede" (Tandridge, Surrey on the borders with Kent) or perhaps "Tunstede" and claimed descent from de Lacy, Plantagenet and Mortimer, earls of March and Ulster.Hugh
de Lacy, lord of Meath and 1st earl of Ulster = (1) Rose de Clare (widow
of John de Monmouth) > Walter de Lacy = d. of William Braoise >
Matilda de Lacy = Geoffrey de Geneville > Joan de Geneville = Roger
Mortimer. Ancestor of the Mortimers came with the Conquerors and were listed at Wigmore in the Domesday Book > Roger Mortimer d. 1282), Llywelyn ap Iorwerth's grandson (his mother was Gwladus Dda), lord of Wigmore, Weobly & Radnor, castellan of Builth & Montgomery, at Evesham (1265), Regent during minority of Edward I, drove Llywelyn out of Powys (1277), given lordships in Wales & Chirk = d. of de Briaose and received Radnor in her dower > Edmund (d. 1304) descendant of William Marshall >: (a)
Roger Mortimer of Chirk carried Llywelyn ap Gruffyd's head to the king and
was
suspected of murdering the young heirs to Powys Fadog who were
found drowned in
his charge. (b)
Edmund Mortimer of Wigmore >:
A. Sir Edmund Mortimer,
defeated at Pilleth and became Glyndwr's prisoner, died at siege of
Harlech 1409 = Owen Glyndwr's daughter.
B. Philippa Mortimer =
(1) John Hastings, earl of Pembroke = (2) Richard fitzAlan.
C. Elizabeth Mortimer =
Henry Percy "Hotspur".
D. Roger Mortimer of Wigmore (exec. 1331), lord of Wigmore, Trim & Dunamase, 1st
earl of March, Lieutenant and Justiciar of Ireland, former ward of Piers
Gaveston & Queen Isabella's lover = Joan de Geneville & received Ludlow in her
dower > 3 children moved to the Tower of London after an attempt to smuggle
them and his brother from Windsor. They
were recaptured but the king's cousin
Constance of York, wife of Thomas, Lord Despencer was implicated
>: Edmund Mortimer, 3rd
earl of March and 6th Earl of Ulster (1360-81 died of the
plague in London) = in 1361 Philippa Plantagenet, d. of Lionel of Hainault,
Duke of Clarence by his wife Elizabeth de Burgh.
He was released and restored
to his estates by Henry V, fought in France & discovered a plot against king,
headed by the earl of Cambridge (York's brother), Henry, Lord Scrope of
Masham and Sir Thomas Grey of Heaton > Roger
Mortimer, 4th earl of
March & 7th earl of Ulster (1381-98) was slain by the
Wicklow Irish in 1398 = Eleanor Holland (d.
1405) >: Edmund Mortimer, 5th earl of March & 8th
earl of Ulster (1398 died of the
plague at Trim on 18.1.1425) = Anne Stafford > his nephew (son of his sister
Anne = Richard of Coningsburgh, earl of Cambridge and duke of York, executed
1415) > Richard, duke of York (d. 1460 @ Pontefract) = Cecily Neville (d. 1459)
the "Rose of Raby" >
Edward IV (1461-83), earl of March = Elizabeth
Woodville, widow of John Grey (d. 1492). The
3rd earl's brother Sir Thomas Mortimer (who lived in England) was made
lieutenant of Ireland, then deputy for his 7 year old nephew Roger and
justiciar but never took office and was impeached by Richard II. If
"Jack Cade" was really descended from the Mortimers, he
may have been related to Fastolf whose father had married the widow of Sir
Richard Mortimer of Attleborough, Norfolk, a descendant of William
Mortimer (d. 1297) so may have been related to the Mortimers of Chirk and
the earls of March. If
Richard Mortimer had a son, he would have been Fastolf's half-brother. Cade
was certainly a "nom-du-guerre"
- a cade was a barrel or alternatively a hand-reared lamb.
Shakespeare wrote "We, John Cade, so termed of our supposed
father" "Or rather of stealing a cade of herrings". Sir
John Fastolf took part in the Battle of the Herrings in France and came
from Yarmouth which had 3 herrings on its coat of arms as its herring
market was famous throughout medieval Europe.
Because of the heroism of the men of Yarmouth at Sluys (1349) and
the siege of Calais (1346-7) Edward II granted the town the honour of
dimiting the royal arms on the right of its shield. When
Cade took up quarters at the "White
Hart", Sir John Fastolf got together some of his old soldiers
from France to oppose the insurgents and had to be persuaded by his
servant John Payn to abandon his scheme of resistance.
Fastolf sent Payn to meet the rebels and his servant was almost
murdered. Cade attacked Sir
John Fastolf's house in Southwark and wounded Payn.
In
June 1450 the rebels encamped at Blackheath, Surrey, the king fled to
Kenilworth and on 3.7.1450 Cade entered the city of London from Mile End
meeting no resistance. John
Stow reported in his "Survey of
London":
"In
the year 1450 Jack Cade and other rebels of Kent, by London Bridge entered
the city; he struck his sword on London Stone (in Walbrook Ward) and said
himself then to be lord of the city but were by the citizens overcome on
the same bridge and put to flight".
His
followers plundered and pillaged the city:
"Then
at the west end of Tower Street have ye a little turning towards the north
to a fair house sometime belonging to one named Griste for he dwelt there
in the year 1449. And Jack
Cade, captains of the rebels in Kent, being by him in this his house
feasted, when he had dined, like an unkind guest, robbed him of all that
was there to be found worth the carriage.
There is a fair house of old time called the Green Gate in the
parish of St. Andrew upon Cornhill in Lime Street Ward.
Philip Malpas sometime alderman and one of the sheriffs dwelt
therein and was there robbed and spoiled of his good to a great value by
Jack Cade and other rebels in the year 1449.
Divers
executions of the law before time had been performed at the Standard in
the Cheape. In the year 1450
Jack Cade, captain of the Kentish rebels beheaded the Lord Say
there."
Lord
Say's murder led to the Londoners under Lord Scales putting up a fight.
There was a pitched battle
on London Bridge between the rebels and the Londoners in which many lives
were lost. Cade
was wounded and captured at Heathfield, Kent.
After he was executed, his head
was set up on London bridge and his quarters were sent to Gloucester,
Norwich, Blackheath and Salisbury - perhaps areas with which he had some
connection.
Cade's
lands and tenements were forfeited on his act of attainder in 1449 and his
blood made "corrupt"
so he must have been of good birth. His
wife was an heiress and his lands were mentioned in his attainder. Sir
Thomas Tyrell (whose family held lands in Suffolk) collected Cade's
treasure from Rochester or Queensborough.
John Hampton (the Hamptons held lands in Norfolk) was a Cade
supporter. The king's negotiator was Cardinal Kempe (another Flemish
surname associated with Norfolk). Fastolf
was said to have lent Richard, duke of York money against a jewel shaped
like a white rose with a diamond which Edward IV redeemed in 1461. William Waynefleet (1455-60), Bishop of Winchester and
Chancellor (one of the bishops against whom Cade rebelled) was executor of
Fastolf's Will. Fastolf's
heir and kinsman, John Paston had to defend his lands from the dukes of
Norfolk and Suffolk. Fastolf's
wife Millicent Tiptoft, was widow of Stephen Scrope of Bolton and Scropes
Inn, Holborn. Scrope's wife was daughter of William de la Pole (murdered by
the Yorkists), son of Michael, duke of Suffolk. Bishop
Ayscough of Salisbury, the king's confessor, was dragged in his vestments
whilst saying mass and murdered at Edington by the Yorkists.
Because of the unrest in England, Richard, duke of York came back
from Ireland although the Queen's party tried to prevent him and as a
counter measure Edmund Beaufort, the Duke of Somerset was recalled from
Calais and made Constable of England.
The
rivalry between the Yorkist party led by duke Richard and the Lancastrians
by Edmund Beaufort and the Queen led to start of the Wars of the Roses
which was fought between barons and did not affect the common people. According
to Shakespeare when the original dispute arose between the houses of York
and Lancaster, their adherents chose as their symbols, a red rose for
Lancaster and a white one for York. There
is no actual historic base to the story but the rose was badge of Eleanor
of Aquitaine, the red rose of Edmund, second son of Henry III, of Edmund
Crouchback of Lancaster and John of Gaunt and the white rose was the
hereditary cognisance of the House of York adopted (with rays of the sun)
by Edward IV after the battle of Mortimer's Cross on 2.2.1461. Fig.
60
- York and Lancaster Henry III (reigned 1216-72) = Eleanor of Provence (d. 1291) >: (1) Edmund Plantagenet, earl of Lancaster = (1) Aveline de Fors (d. 1274) = (2) Blanche of Artois (d. 1302), Countess of Champagne >:
A. Henry Plantagenet, earl of Lancaster (d. 1345) = Maud Chaworth
B. Thomas Plantagenet, earl of Lancaster (exec. 1322) = Alice, d.
of Henry de Lacy, earl
of Lincoln = (2) Ebulo le Strange = (3) Hugh le Fresne (2)
Edward I (reigned 1272-1307) = (1) Eleanor of Castile (d. 1290) = (2)
Margaret of France
(d. 1370). By (1)
Edward II = Isabella de Angoulême = (2) Hugh Lusignan, Comte de la
Marche > Edward III = Philippa of Hainault >:
1. Edward ”the
Black Prince”
= Joan Plantagenet > Richard I (obsp) = Anne of Bohemia
= (2) Isabel of France (Queen Margaret’s niece)
2. John of Gaunt, earl of Lancaster = Blanche of Lancaster (his
cousin) > Henry IV
“Bolingbroke”
= Mary de Bohun I > Henry V = Katherine of Valois = (2) Owen Tudor >
Henry VI = Margaret, d. of René of Anjou > Edward Plantagenet
of Lancaster died in
the Wars of the Roses. Edward I by (2) Margaret of France >: A.
Thomas of Brotherton, duke of Norfolk = (1) Alice Halys = (2) Mary de
Braiose (d.1362) >
Margaret Plantagenet = (1) John, Lord Segrave (d. 1368 aged 42 at
Constantinople) = (2) Sir Walter Manny > Elizabeth Segrave =
John Mowbray, earl of
Nottingham, created duke of Norfolk by Richard II (1397) >
Thomas Mowbray (d. 1400),
duke of Norfolk, exiled to Venice = Elizabeth, d. of John, lord
Strange of Blakemere >
Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk = Elizabeth, d. of Richard fitzAlan
earl of Arundel
(exec.1397 by Richard II) > Margaret Mowbray = Robert Howard of
Tendring (1384
-1436) > John Howard (1435-83) created 1st duke of Norfolk by
Richard III on 28.6.1485
> Dukes of Norfolk. John Mowbray (exec. 1331) by Edward II and his lands seized by Despencer = Aliva (d. of William de Braiose by his wife Aliva, d. of Thomas de Moulton (d. 1223) >: a.
Aliva Mowbray. b.
John Mowbray (both imprisoned) = Joan, d. of Henry Plantagenet, earl of
Lancaster (d.
1362) > John Mowbray, earl of Nottingham = Elizabeth Segrave
> Thomas Mowbray, earl
of Nottingham, duke of Norfolk = Elizabeth Strange > Thomas
Mowbray, duke of Norfolk =
Elizabeth fitzAlan >:
(A) Margaret Mowbray = Sir Robert Howard (1384-1436) > Dukes of
Norfolk.
(B) Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk = Constance, d. of Job Holland,
earl of Huntingdon
(exec. 1405).
(C) John Mowbray, duke of Norfolk (d. 19.10.1432) = Catherine, d.
of Ralph Neville, earl
of Westmorland >
John Mowbray (d.1461), duke of Norfolk = Ann, d. of William
Bourchier, lord of Halstead
> John Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, earl of Surrey (d.1476) =
Elizabeth, d. of John Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury > Anne Mowbray
= Richard
Plantagenet, son of Edward IV (died in the Tower of London) when
the dukedom of
Norfolk went to the Howards. Edward I by (2) Margaret of France >: 2.
Edmund, earl of Kent (d.1330) = Margaret Wake (d. 1349) > Joan "The
Fair Maid of
Kent"
= (1) Thomas Holland = (2) William Montagu, earl of Salisbury (annulled) =
(3)
Edward the Black Prince > Richard II. Edward
I by (1) Eleanor of Castile > Edward II (reigned 1307-27) = Isabella,
d. of Philip IV “le
Bel”
of France (d.1358) > Edward III (reigned 1327-77) = Philipa of Hainault
>: A.
Edward “the Black Prince”
= Joan Plantagenet > Richard II = (1) Anne of Bohemia = (2) Isabel of France. He died without heirs. B.
Isabella Plantagenet (1332-79) = Enguerrand de Coucy > Philippa de
Coucy = Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford & Ireland (annulled) C.
Mary Plantagenet of Waltham (1344-62) = John de Montfort, Duke of
Brittany. D.
Margaret Plantagenet (1346-61) = John Hastings, earl of Pembroke. E.
Thomas Plantagenet of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester & Buckingham, lord
of Brecon
(murdered 1396) = Eleanor de Bohun (d. 1309) >: Anne Plantagenet
= (1) Edmund, earl
of Stafford (d. 1405). Anne
Plantagenet = (2) William Bourchier, Count of Eu.
Anne
Plantagenet by (1) > Humphrey, earl of Stafford (d. 1455) =
Margaret Beaufort, d. of
Edmund, earl of Somerset > Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham
(d. 1460) = Anne
Neville (d. 1480) > Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham (exec
1483) = Katherine
Woodville, widow of Jasper Tudor.
Jasper's illegitimate daughter Helen was mother of
Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester > Edward, 2nd
Duke of Buckingham (d. 1521) = Eleanor Percy. Anne Plantagenet by (2) >:
(a) Henry Bourchier, earl of Essex (d. 1483) > William Bourchier
> Henry Bourchier, earl
of Essex (d. 1540) (b) Thomas, Cardinal Bourchier (d. 1486). F.
Edmund of Langley, duke of York (d. 1402) = (1) Isabel of Castile (d.
1392) = (2) Joan Holland (d. 1434) >:
(1) Constance Plantaganet = Thomas Despencer.
(2) Edward Plantagenet, duke of York & Aumale (d. 1415) =
Philippa de Mohun = (1)
Walter fitzWalter de Clare = (2) Sir John Golafre.
(3) Richard, earl of Cambridge (d. 1415) = Anne, d. of Edmund
Mortimer, earl of
March (by his wife Philipa Plantagenet, Countess of Ulster) >:
a. Edward IV = Elizabeth
Woodville >: (A) Edward Planftagenet (d. in the Tower of London)
(B) Richard Plangtagenet (d. in the Tower of London)
(C) Elizabeth Plantagenet = Henry VII Tudor
(D) Anne Plantagenet (d. 1512) = Thomas Howard, 3rd duke
of Norfolk (1473-1554) >
Katherine Howard
(E) Cecily Plantagenet = Lord Welles
(F) Bridget Plantagenet, a nun at Dartford.
b. Anne Plantagenet (d.
1476) = (1) Henry Holland, duke of Exeter (div.) = (2) Thomas
St. Leger (exec. 1483).
c. Margaret Plantagenet
(d. 1503) = Charles, son of Philip
“le
Bon”,
Duke of Burgundy.
d. George Plantagenet,
Duke of Clarence (exec. 1478) = Isabel Neville (d. 1476) >:
(i) Edward Plantagenet, earl of
Warwick (ex. 1499). (ii) Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (ex. 1531) = Richard Pole (d. 1505).
e. Elizabeth Plantagenet
= (d. 1503) = John de la Pole, 2nd duke of Suffolk (d.
1442-90).
f.
Richard III (reigned 1483-5.obsp) = Anne Neville, widow of Edward
Plantagenet of
Lancaster. G.
Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence (d. 1368) = (1) Elizabeth de Burgh or
Burke (d.
1362), d. of William, earl of Ulster = (2) Violante Visconti. By (1) Philipa, Countess of
Ulster (d. 1382) = Edmund Mortimer, earl of March (d.1381) >:
(a) Philipa Mortimer = John Hastings, earl of Pembroke = (2)
Richard, fitzAlan,
earl of Arundel.
(b) Sir Edmund Mortimer = d. of Owen Glyndwr.
(c) Elizabeth Mortimer = Henry Percy "Hotspur".
(d) Roger Mortimer earl of March (d.1398) = Eleanor Holland (d.
1405) >:
(1) Eleanor Mortimer = Edward Courtenay, son of Edward, earl of
Devon.
(2) Roger Mortimer obsp.
(3) Edmund Mortimer (d. 1425) = Anne Stafford.
(4) Anne Mortimer = Richard Plantagenet, earl of Cambridge (d.
1415) >:
a. Edward IV (reigned
1461-83) = Elizabeth Woodville, widow of Sir John
Grey (d.1492), Lord Ferrars of Groby >: (i) Edward V (d. 1483 in Tower of London)
(ii) Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York (d. 1483 in Tower of London
(iii) Catherine Plantagenet = Sir William Courtney, earl of Devon
>: (1) Henry Courtney, Marquess of Exeter (b. 1496 d. 1533).
(2) Lord William Courtney
b. Cecily Plantagenet
(d. 1507) = (1) John Lord Welles = (2) Thomas Kymbe.
c. Margaret Plantagenet
(d. 1472) = Lord Grey, Marquess of Dorset.
d.
Anne Plantagenet = Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey, 3rd Duke of
Norfolk
e. Bridget Plantagenet,
a nun (d. 1513).
f. Mary Plantagenet (d.
1422).
g. Elizabeth Plantagenet
(d. 1503) = Henry VII. H.
John of Gaunt (Ghent), Duke of Lancaster (d. 1399) = (1) Blanche of
Lancaster (d. 1369) >: By (1) Henry IV "Bolingbroke"
(1399-1413) = (1) Mary de Bohun (d. 1394) = (2) Joan of Navarre, countess
of Brittany (obsp. 1437). By
(1) Henry V (reigned 1413-22) = Katherine of Valois (d. 1437) > Henry
VI = Margaret, d. of René of Anjou > Edward of Lancaster, Prince of
Wales (died in 1461 at Towton) = Anne Neville = (2) Richard III (died in
1483 at Bosworth Field) > Edward of York, Prince of Wales died in
infancy. John
of Gaunt = (2) Constance of Castile >: a.
Philipa Plantagenet = João I of Portugal. b.
Constance Plantagenet = Henry II of Trastamara, king of Spain > royal
houses of Portugal & Spain. John of Gaunt = (3) his mistress Katherine (d. of a Flemish knight, Sir Payn Roet), wife of Hugh Swynford (her sister was wife of Geoffrey Chaucer) >: a.
John Beaufort, marquess of Dorset (d. 1410) = Margaret Holland, d. of duke
of Kent as
her 2nd husband (1st husband was Sir John St.
John) > Henry Beaufort, earl of Somerset
(d. 1418) >: (A) Henry Beaufort (exec. 1464)
(B) Edmund Beaufort (exec. 1471)
(C) John Beaufort (d.1471) > Earls of Worcester) b.
Henry, cardinal Beaufort of Winchester (d. 1447). c.
Joan Beaufort = (1) earl Ferrars = (2) Ralph Neville, earl of Westmorland. d.
Thomas Beaufort, duke of Exeter, earl of Dorset (d. 1426) = Margaret
Neville. e.
John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (d. 1444) = Margaret Beauchamp (d. 1509)
> Margaret
Beaufort betrothed to John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, son of
William de la Pole, earl of
Suffolk = (1) Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond = (2) Henry Stafford
(d. 1481) relative of
Duke of Buckingham = (3) Thomas Stanley, earl of Derby (d.1504) Philipa Roet = Geoffrey Chaucer > Thomas Chaucer (1367-1434) = Matilda Burghersh > Alice Chaucer = (1) Thomas Montacute or Montagu, earl of Salisbury (d. 1428) = (2) William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk (1396-1450) > John, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (1442-1491) = Elizabeth Plantagenet of York, sister of Edward IV. Katherine of Valois =- (2) Owen Tudor (exec. 1461) >: (a)
Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke = Katherine Woodville. (b)
Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond (d. 1456) = Margaret Beaufort > Henry
VII =
Elizabeth Plantagenet, d. of Edward IV & Elizabeth Woodville
(d. of Jacquetta of
Luxembourg St. Pol, widow of John Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford, by
her 2nd husband Richard Woodville, lord Rivers). |