The Golden Falcon

The Golden Falcon

Chapter II/1 - Bow

THE GOLDEN BOW

"Bring me my bow of burning gold!

Bring me my arrows of desire!

Bring my spear! O clouds, unfold!

Bring me my chariot of fire!

I will not cease from mental fight

Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand

Till we have built Jerusalem

In England's green and pleasant land".

(William Blake 1757-1827)

"Herod erected over the great gate of the Temple a large golden eagle of great value and dedicated it to the Temple". - ("Antiquities of the Jews", xvii.6.3. - Flavius Josephus).

Many French families, members of which became lords and kings of the Frankish kingdom of Outremer in the Middle East (capital Jerusalem), often had cadet branches or relatives in England and elsewhere.

One such family was that of the Counts of Louvain and Brabant. Count Godfrey III was a Crusader and Adeliza "the Fair Maid of Brabant", daughter of Godfrey II of Brabant & Louvain (Lower Lorraine) became the second wife of Henry I of England and after he died, the wife of William d'Aubigny, earl of Arundel (ancestors of the Winters of Huddington & Sir William Winter. Adeliza was aunt of Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lorraine, Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and his brother Baldwin of Boulogne, Count of Edessa and king of Jerusalem.

The Winters of Wych descended from the Vermandois family, the Merovingian and Carolingian kings, the Dukes of Lorraine, Brabant and Louvain, the Counts of Senlis, the Beaumont earls of Leicester and the earls of Chester.

Fig 12 - Dukes of Lower Lorraine

Godfrey (959-965 AD), count of Verdun or Ardennes, 1st duke of Lower Lotharingia or Lorraine after Lotharingia was divided into two duchies by St. Bruno II > Godfrey "the Pacific" of Eenham (d. 1023), Count of Verdun, given duchy of Lower Lorraine by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II in 1005 > son Godfrey "the Courageous" Duke of Lower Lorraine (1065-1070) >:

(a) Ida of Lorraine = Eustace II, Count of Boulogne > (1) Godfey de Boullion, Duke of

Lower Lorraine (2) Baldwin of Boulogne, Count of Edessa, king of Jerusalem

(b) Godfrrey “le Bossu” (1070-76) assassinated after defeating Robert the Frisian,

Count of Flanders >:

(i) d. = William of Loo

(ii) Adeliza of Louvain = (1) Henry I of England as 2^nd wife I = (2) William d’Aubigny,

earl of Arundel > earls of Chester > Montalts > Winters of Wych (see below)

(iii) Godfrey "le Barbe" (d. 1140) duke of Brabant & Lothier regained title of duke of

Lower Lorraine from descendants of Rainier "au Long Col" (Longneck), 1st duke of

Hainault, who had been given Lorraine in 900 AD by Charles the Simple, king of

France > Godfrey II "le Jeune" (1140-90)

Fig 13 - Kings of Scotland & England, earls of Northumbria

Ursus of Northumbria = princess of Denmark > Beorn > Siward = Aelfelda, descendant of Northumbrian kings of Bernicia, Deira, Cumbria and Lothian. Her grandfather was Uhtred of Northumbria = Aelgifu, d. of king Ethelred the Unready. Her sister married Duncan of Scots and her Aunt Aelgitha married Maldred, Duncan's brother >:

(a) Osbeorn

(b) Waltheof (exec. 1076) = Judith (1072), d. of Lambert of Lens (son of count of

Boulogne) by his wife Adela, sister of William the Conqueror (d. of Arletta or Herleva,

mistress of Robert I, "the Devil", Duke of Normandy) > Maud = (1) Simon de St. Lis, earl

of Northampton = (2) David, king of Scots

Malcolm Canmore = Margaret, d. of Edgar Atheling, the Saxon heir >:

(a) Edgar

(b) Alexander I, king of Scots

d’Aubigny, earl of Arundel

(d) David I, king of Scots = Matilda, d. of Judith & Waltheof = (2) Simon de Senlis, earl

of Northampton > Matilda St Lis = Robert fitzGilbert de Clare > Matilda de Clare took

surname of St. Lis = Willam d'Aubigny > Montalts > St Pierres > Winters of Wych.

Rollo, 1st Duke of Normandy (911-93) by Pepa of Bayeux, d. of Berenguer of Vermandois > William Longsword, duke of Normandy (from 927-42) >:

1. Richard II, Duke of Normandy (from 996-1026) >

(a) Richard III, Duke of Normandy (from 1026-7)

(b) Alice = Renaud of Burgundy > Guy of Burgundy

Conqueror”. Herleva by Hereluin >:

(i) Odo, Bishop of Bayeux

(ii) Robert of Mortain

(d) Eleanor = Baldwin IV of Flanders

2. Emma (d. 1052) = (1) Ethelred (r. 979-1016) > Edward “the Confessor” (r. 1042-66).

Emma = (2) Canute (r. 1016.35) > Hardacanute (r. 1040-2)

3. Robert of Evreaux, archbishop of Rouen > Richard of Evreaux > William of Evreux >

a. Anne of Evreaux = Simon of Montfort

b. Geoffrey > Gilbert of Brionne (d.c. 1030) >:

A. Baldwin de Meules > families of Baldwin & Mules

B. Richard fitzGilbert de Clare (d.c. 1909) = Roesse, d. of Walter Giffard >

Gilbert fitzRichard de Clare = Adeliza, d. of Hugh of Clermont > Richard

fitzGilbert de Clare = Adeliza, d. of Ranulf, earl of Chester > Robert/Roger =

Maud St. Lis, Lady of Bradham > Maud took name of St. Lis = William

d'Aubigny earl of Arundel > Montalts > Winters of Wych (see below)

Robert Cooke, Clarenceaux King of Arms, drew up a genealogy "Arms Allowed to Winter 1589" for Sir William Winter in which his ancestry traced from Adeliza via the Nicola d'Aubigny who married Roger de Somery but this is incorrect.

However there is a line of descent from Adeliza via the families of Montalt, Hungerford, Cokesay and St Pierre as well as the Plantagenets, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Llywelyan ap Seisyllt, Owen Cyfeilog, Prince of Powis and Rhys ap Twdwr.

Adeliza's sister was wife of William of Ypres and Loo, heir of the Count of Flanders and captain of King Stephen's Flemish mercenaries and her brother Joscelyn married the heiress of William, lord Percy, becoming the ancestor of the earls of Northumberland.

Adeliza's great nephew Godfrey of Louvain (d. 1226), younger son of Godfrey III, duke of Brabant settled in England. Geoffrey's male line expired with his great great grandson John de Louvain (d. 1347).

The male line of Dukes of Brabant died out in 1355 but a cadet branch survives to the 20th century, being descendants of Henry, Landgrave of Hesse, younger son of Henry II (d. 1248) whose descendants are the Mountbattens, marquesses of Milford Haven and Carisbrook and the present English and other royal families.

Adeliza was cousin of Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lorraine, Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre and his brother Baldwin of Boulogne, count of Edessa and king of Jerusalem who both died without heirs and were succeeded by their cousin Baldwin of Bourges (or Bruges), son of Hugh, Count of Rethel.

Jerusalem was conquered by the Franks in 1104 and the events which led up to it date from Roman rule are as follows:

The Romans, appointed Antipas, an Idumean Arab as king of Jerusalem, whose son Antipater or Antipas married Cypros, an Arab.

When their descendant Herod Agrippa died, his son was only 17 years old so a succession of Roman governors were sent to govern Judea - Cuspius Fadus, Tiberius Alexander, Cumanus, Claudius Felix (who introduced the Sicarii into Jerusalem), Festus, Albinus, Gessius Florus and Cestius Gallus.

Agrippa junior and his wife Berenice were rulers in name only and after many Jewish insurrections, left Jerusalem. The Jews revolted and the Zealot leader Eleazar captured the Roman fortress at Masada near the Dead Sea. Vespasian (who later became Emperor) was sent to quell the riots, followed by his son Titus in April AD 70 who besieged the city and destroyed the Temple.

When Hadrian (117-38 AD) became Emperor of Rome he forbade circumcision, the reading of the Law and observance of the Sabbath, leading to Bar Cocheba's revolt which Julius Severus was sent to put down. Hadrian turned Jerusalem into a Roman colony naming it Ælia Capitolina, he built a temple to Jupiter on the site of the Temple, one to Venus over the Holy Sepulchre and forbade the Jews entry into the city.

The Christians appointed Marcus, a Gentile convert as the first bishop of Jerusalem. During the reign of Constantine (306-337 AD) whose mother Helen was a Christian, Christianity was tolerated and pilgrimages began to the Holy City from Europe.

Chosroes the Persian advanced on Jerusalem and destroyed it but treated the Christian leader well as his queen was a convert and retreated.

Mohamed began preaching in 610 AD and died in 632 AD when the Arabs called Saracens or Moors (from Egypt and Damascus) began their conquests. Persia fell in 633 AD, Palestine and Syria (636 AD), Egypt (642 AD), North Africa (692-719 AD), Spain (711-717 AD) and they advanced into France up to the Loire but were defeated by Charles Martel in the battle of Poitiers. Sicily (732 AD) and Southern Italy (831-40 AD) were captured but Byzantium recovered Crete, Cilicia, Cyprus and Northern Syria and the Normans settled in southern Italy and Sicily in 1012-1030. In 997 AD the Ghaznavid Turks seized control of Persia and in 1071 invaded Asia Minor, defeating the Byzantines at Manzikert. By 1038-92 the Seljuk Turks controlled Persia, Mesopotamia, Syria and Asia Minor and Atsiz captured Jerusalem from the Fatimids Arabs in 1071 and again in 1077; by 1078 the Seljuks controlled Damascus and Palestine.

The Arabs had allowed Christian pilgrims to visit the city of Jerusalem; there were several "itineraries" published. One was the Itinerary of Bordeaux which passed through Auch, Toulouse, Narbonne, Beziers, Nîmes and Arles, Avignon, Orange, and Valence to Diez, Embrun and Briançon, crossing the Alps into Susa, through Turin, Pavia, Milan, Brescia, Verona, Aquileia, over the Italian Alps into Illyrian, Styria, Belgrade, Nissa, Philipopolis, Heraclia, Constantinople, Nicomedia, Nicæa, Ancyra (Ankara), Tyana, Tarsus, Iskanderoon, Antioch, Tortosa, Tripoli, Beirut, Sidon, Tyre, Acre, Cæsarea to Jerusalem.

Toleration ceased under the Caliph Omar. In 1077 when the city was captured by the Khorassmian Turks, Christians were again persecuted, This led to Pope Gregory VIII preaching a crusade but nothing was done until he died and Victor III became Pope when a joint Tuscan, Venetian and Genoese fleet attacked the Mohamedans in the Mediterranean.

There were 6 crusades. The 1st or People's Crusade was led by a Picard called Peter the Hermit during the Papacy of Urban II in 1096, the 2nd occurred in 1145 after the fall of Edessa, the 3rd (in which Richard I "Cœur de Lion" took part) in 1189 after the fall of Jerusalem, the 4th in 1199, the 5th in 1208 and the 6th in 1244 led by St. Louis, king of France in which Edward I took part.

When Jerusalem was captured by the Crusaders on 15.7.1099, Godfrey of Bouillon, titular duke of Lower Lorraine (son of the Count of Boulogne and first cousin to Adeliza of Louvain's) was made Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre because he refused the crown which had been offered him.

There is a delightful legend about the birth of Godfrey and his brother Baldwin:

Feversham ex eodem Libro de Cigno - temp Reiner Duke of Lotharingia, Godfrey de Bouillon called “Alkalate”- relicta uxore et filia unica, vita deccesit. Terras Godefrid et uxoris Reinerus aggreditur hostiliter. Ipsa implora auxilium Roman Imperatoris. Tandem in dicto monomachico certamine cum mullus anderet cum duce Reinero confligere subito divino nutu, sub Castrol de Buillon in Flandris advexit cignus catens, aurea collo colligata et (cimbae) firmata, militem strenuissismum, qui postmodom cum Rainero confligens in campo, devait illum capite amputato, qui, propter suam probitatem, Imperator cum fillia Godefridi dimidium ducatus Lotharingiorum contulit ex qua idem miles genuit filliam nomina Idam appropinquante postmodem morte dicti militis, cum sua uxor instaret ut illius investigaret originem reversus cignus illim (cimba) revexit, nec constabat amplius alicui de eo vel ejus prosapia.

Secumdam filiam Idam duxit magnus Comes Boloniae Eustachius als Gernuns ex qua geminos fratre genuit Godefridum et Baldewynum qui postmodum duces Lotharingarorum relictus omnibus pro Christo, Jerosilimis reges fuerunt. Quorum gesta plenius descripsit Fulcherus Carnotensis in libro quam vocavit Ytinerarium.

Mortuo quidam Eustachio Magno reliquit Eustachium quandam filium suum qui duxit Matildam filiam Martgareta reginae Scottorum de qua genuit Matildam postmodum Regina Anglorum

Rex Stephanus ex Matildi filia unica et haerede Comitis Boloniae genuit Eustachium primogenitum, Willelmum qui fuit Comes Warenne et etiam decessit sine haerede Mariam Sanctimonialem quae fuit Abbatisse Sancti Silipici quae postmodum ex dispensatis ne Papae educata monasterio nupsit."

Feversham Book of the Swan: During the reign of Rainier, duke of Lotharingia, Godfrey de Bouillon called "Alkalate" (the Valiant) died leaving a widow and only daughter. Rainier attacked Godfrey's land and his widow begged for help from the Holy Roman Emperor. Finally during a single combat with duke Rainier, a swan appeared suddenly as if by divine command, near the Castle of Bouillon in Flanders, with a golden chain fastened and firmly secured around its neck which turned into a strong soldier who fought with Rainier in the field of battle and cut off his head. Because of his uprighteousness and honesty the Emperor divided the Duchy of Lotharingia between Godfrey's daughter and the knight, by whom she had a daughter named Ida. When the knight was about to die, his wife tried but failed to find out the origin of the swan knight and his family.

His daughter Ida married Eustace al Gernons, Count of Boulogne by whom she had twins, the brothers Godfrey and Baldwin who were afterwards dukes of Lotharingia, but both left and went to the kingdom of Jerusalem for Christ. Their history is told by Fulcher of Chartres in a book called the Itinerary.

Eustace the Great died leaving a son who married Matilda, daughter of Margaret the Queen of Scotland by whom he had Matilda afterwards Queen of England.

King Stephen by Matilda, only daughter and heiress of the Count of Boulogne, had Eustace, his eldest son, William, Count of Warenne who died without heirs and Marie, the holy Abbess of Saint Sulpice who by Papal dispensation was brought up in a convent and took the veil.

Fig. 14 - Kings of England, Dukes of Normandy, Counts of Montfort & Blois-Boulogne, earls of Northumbria, Huntingdon & Northampton

Rollo or Hrolf the Ganger, son of Ragnald the Wise, earl of More, Orkney & Shetlands > William Longsword (9727-42) > Richard I (942-996) = Emma, d. of Hugh the Great of France >:

(a) Richard II, Duke of Normandy (r. 996-1026) >:

(1) Richard III (r. 1062-7)

(2) Robert I “the Devil” , Duke of Normandy by Herleva >:

(A) William I “the Conqueror” = Matilda of Flanders

(B) Adela = (1) Enguerrand (d. 1053 @ St. Aubyn); son of Hugh Count of Ponthieu &

Berta of Aumale) > Countess Ada. Adela = (2) Lambert of Lens (d. 1054 @ Lille).

Adela = (3) Odo, Count of Champagne > Stephen of Aumale or Albemarle

(b) Emma = (1) Ethelred “the Unready” > Edward “the Confessor” = Ethel, d. of Earl

Godwin & sister of King Harold Godwinson. Emma = (2) Canute > Hardacanute

Fécamp > Anne of Evreaux = Simon of Montfort II > Simon de Montfort III & Evreaux

the Crusader, Earl of Leicester = Amicia de Beaumont. d. of Earl of Leicester >:

1. Eleanor de Montfort = Ranulf “le Meschin”, earl of Chester > Ranulf “Gernons”,

earl of Chester = Matilda, d. of Robert, earl of Gloucester > Hugh Kevellick

(Cyfeiliog), earl of Chester = Bertrada, d. of Geoffrey, Lord Lucy (d. 1181) and/or

Eleanor de Montfort (earl Simon's aunt) > Mabilia Keveilick > William d’Aubigny,

earl of Arundel > Cecilia d’Aubigny = Roger Montalt > St Pierre family > Winters of

Wych

2. Simon de Montfort IV, Vicomte of Beziers & Carcassonne fought against the

Albigensians at Albi = Alice, d. of Bouchard de Montmorency >:

(a) Amaury de Montfort, duke of Narbonne & Leicester, Constable of France gave

earldom of Leicester to his brother Simon >:

(1) Agnes de Montfort = Waleran of Meulan

(2) Amaury of Evreux = Mabil, d. of William, earl of Gloucester by Hawise, d. of

Robert, earl of Leicester > Amaury, earl of Gloucester = .d of Hugh de Gourney

(obsp)

(b) Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester = Eleanor Plantagenet, sister of Henry III of

England. Simon was cousin of Philip de Montfort, Lord of Toron, Outremer in the

Holy Land >:

A. Henryde Montfort, the eldest, slain at the Battle of Evesham

B. Amaury de Montfort, a clerk

C. Simon de Montfort escaped to France, in service of Charles of Anjou

D. Guy de Montfort captured at Evesham, murdered Henry Plantagenet, earl

of Almain, son of the earl of Cornwall at Viterbo, Sicily > left issue in Italy

E. Eleanor de Montfort = Llywelyn ap Gruffyd > Gwenllian, sent to

Sempringham nnnery

Robert "the Devil" Duke of Normandy by Herleva or Arletta >:

(a) Adela = (1) Enguerrand (d. 1053 @ St. Aubyn); son of Hugh Count of Ponthieu & Berta of

Aumale) > Countess Ada. Adela = (3) Odo, Count of Champagne >

Stephen of Aumale or Albemarle. Adela = (2) Lambert of Lens > Judith = Waltheof, earl

of Northumbria >:

1. Alice = Ralph de Tony

2. Matilda = (1) Simon de St. Lis, earl of Northampton = (2) David, king of Scots.

By (1) > Matilda St. Lis (see above) = Robert fitzGilbert de Clare > Matilda de

Clare took surname of St. Lis = William d'Aubigny > Cecilia d'Aubigny = Roger

Montalt of Hawarden & Flint > Robert Montault, seneschal of the earl of Chester

> Beatrice by William, son of David le Clerc, Baron of Malpas > David "le

Bastard" = Constance, d. of Owen Cyfeiliog, Prince of Powis > Idonea = Urian

de St. Pierre (d. 1295) > gt gt gt grandson Urian St Pierre = Agnes de Braiose >

Winters of Wych

3. William I = Matilda of Flanders > Henry I = Edith-Matilda of Scotland >

Matilda = Geoffrey of Anjou > Henry II = Eleanor of Aquitaine > John

“Lackland”, king of England > illegitimate d. Joan Plantagenet = Llywelyn ap

Iorwerth > Margaret = John de Braiose > Agnes de Braiose = Urian St. Pierre >

Isabel St. Pierre = Walter Cokesay > Cecilia/Elizabeth = Thomas Cassy =

Agnes Cassy = Walter de Hoddington > Thomas Huddington = Jane Throgryme

> Joan Huddington = Roger Winter of Wych.

William I = Matilda of Flanders >:

(a) Robert “Curthose”, Duke of Normandy = Sybil, d. of Geoffrey, Count of Conversana >

William “Clito” (d. 1128) = (1) Sybil, d. of Fulk of Anjou (annulled). Her elder sister

Isabella = William “the Atheling” (only son & heir of Henry I, of England), drowned in the

wreck of the ”White Ship”). William “Clito” = (2) Jeanne, half-sister of French Queen

(wife of Louis VI)

(b) Richard

(d) Adela = (1) Stephen of Blois >:

(1) Henry of Blois, prior of Montacute, Abbot of Glastonbury & Bishop of

Winchester.

(2) Theobald, Count of Blois = Matilda >:

A. Theobald of Blois

B. William of Blois, archbishop of Reims.

C. Adela of Blois = Louis of France as 2^nd wife > Louis Philippe > Louis = Blanche, d.

of Alfonso of Spain, nephew of Richard & John, kings of England through their sister

Alienor Plantagenet.

D. King Stephen founded Feversham, Coggleshall = Matilda, d. of Eustace of

Boulogne >:

1. Eustace obsp buried with Stephen & Matilda at Feversham.

2. Baldwin bur. Christchurch, Aldgate, London

3. Matilda = earl of Meulan (bur. Christchurch, Aldgate).

4. William, earl of Surrey = Isabella de Warenne in 1138 as 1^st

husband = (2) Hamelin Plantagenet (illegitimate son of

Geoffrey), went on Crusade with Richard I of England

5. Mary = Matthew, Count of Boulogne>:

(1) d. = Count of Louvain.

(2) d. = Reynold of Montmartre.

(e) Constance = Alan Sergant, Count of Brittany

(f) William II “Rufus”

(g) Henry I “Beauclerc”, king of England = Edith/Matilda of Scotland >:

A. William “the Atheling” (died in the wreck of the “White Ship”) = Isabella, d. of Fulk

of Anjou (sister of William Clito’s wife Sybille).

B. Matilda = (1) Henry “the Lion”, Holy Roman Emperor = (2) Geoffrey

Plantagenet of Anjou

Fig. 15 - Kings of Scotland & Jerusalem, Counts of Boulogne & Senlis earls of Northampton & Huntingdon

Hugues descended from Merovingian kings (d. 1015) = Agnes = Ernicule, count of Boulogne (d. 1041), son of William of Ponthieu, descended from Charlemagne's daughter Berta and the poet-courtier Angilbert de Ponthieu given Boulogne by Lothair, son of Louis d'Outremer in 965 >:

(a) Eustace of Boulogne (obsp)

(b) Arnoul of Boulogne (obsp)

Boulogne > Baldwin of Boulogne = Adela de Gand, sister of the lord of Alost > Eustace I

"l'oeil", Count of Boulogne = Maud de Louvain, grand-daughter of Charles of Lorraine,

last male heir of Charlemagne >:

A. Godfrey, Bishop of Paris & Chancellor of France

B. Lambert of Lens = (2) Adela, sister of William I > Judith = Waltheof, earl

of Northumbria > Matilda = Simon de Senlis, earl of Northampton = (2)

David king of Scots

C. Eustace II “le Gernons” (d. 1081) at Hastings = (1) Goda, sister of

Edward “The Confessor” = (2) Ida of Lorraine (d. 1113), sister of the duke

of Lorraine and aunt of Adeliza of Louvain. By (2) >:

(1) Godfrey (1061-1111), Count of Bouillon & Lower Lorraine, Conqueror

of Jerusalem & Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre

(2) Baldwin, Count of Edessa, king of Jerusalem = (1) Godvere de Toeni

= (2) Arda, d. od Taphnuz or Thatoul, lord of Armenis (annulled) = (3)

Adelaide of Sicily, widowed mother of Roger de Hauteville, king of Sicily

(3) Gertrude

(4) Alexandra = Emperor Henry IV

(5) Eustace III, Count of Boulogne = Marie of Scotland >:

(A) Matilda of Boulogne = Stephen, king of England

(B) Mahaud of Boulogne = Renaud Dammartin > d. = Philip Hurepel, younger son

of French king.

(6) Eustace IV (d. 10.8.1182) = Constance, d. of Louis VI of France = (2)

Raymond V of Toulouse

Goda or Godgifu, sister of Edward “the Confessor” married 3 times, first to Siward, earl of Northumbria, father of Waltheof (see descent of Ryhall & Belmesthorpe, East Hundred of Rutland), then to the earl of Mantes by whom she left a son Ralph of Suddeley in Gloucestershire and thirdly to Eustace of Boulogne.

Adelaide, sister of William I = Lambert of Lens > Judith = (1) Enguerrand (d. 1053) son of Hugh of Ponthieu & Berta of Aumale > Ada of Ponthieu. Judith = (3) Odo of Champagne > Stephen of Aumale. Judith = (2) Waltheof, earl of Northumbria >:

A. Alice = Ralph de Tony (Toesni, Toeni)

B. Matilda = (1) Simon of Senlis, earl of Huntingdon & Northampton >:

1. Waltheof, abbot of Melrose

2. Matilda = Robert fitzRichard de Clare >:

(a) Walter fitzRobert of Dunmow & Baynards Castle.

(b) Matilda who took the name of St. Lis = William d'Aubigny, earl of

Arundel (Gesta of the nun of Delapre abbey). According to other

sources, she was d. of James de St. Hillary, baron of Norfolk.

3. Simon II of Senlis = Isabella, d. of Robert Meulan, earl of Leicester >:

(A) Simon Senlis III

(B) Amicia.

(C )Hawisia

Adelaide, sister of William I = Lambert of Lens > Judith = (2) Waltheof, earl of Northumbria > Matilda = (2) David I, king of Scots > Henry of Huntingdon = Ada, d. of William of Warenne, earl of Surrey >:

(a) Malcolm IV, king of Scots.

(b) William “the Lion”, king of Scots.

(d) David, 3rd son, earl of Galloway & Angus = Matilda, sister of Ranulf Blundeville,

earl of Chester >:

1. John the Scot = Helen, d. of Llywelyan ap Iorwerth Fawr.

2. Isobel = Robert the Bruce, lord of Annandale> Bruce and Stuart kings of

Scotland.

3. Ada = Henry Hastings.

4. Margaret = Alan, lord of Galloway > Devorguilla = John Balliol, king of Scots

When Godfrey de Bouillon died on 18.7.1100, his brother Baldwin of Boulogne, Count of Edessa became king of Jerusalem. His first wife Godvere de Tony and children having died, he married the Armenian princess Arda and then Adelaide of Sicily in 1113 but he repudiated her in 1117. Baldwin died on 2.4.1118 and his cousin Baldwin of Bourges or Bruges succeeded him the same year as the Order of the Temple was founded. He only had daughters, the eldest Melisande married Fulk of Anjou in 1129 and in 1126 her sister Alice became wife of Bohemond II of Antioch, member of a cadet branch of the Counts of Toulouse.

The family of Plantagenet (a member of which became king of Jersualem) was said to have taken their name from the "planta genista" or broom plant which was adopted as a family badge by the 1st Count of Anjou during a pilgrimage to the Holy Land as a symbol of humility.

Fulke Nerra, Count of Anjou, went to Jerusalem three times as a pilgrim before the Crusades. He had been accused of various acts of violence and of violating the sanctity of the church so decided to expiate his sins by becoming a pilgrim. He was nearly shipwrecked and when he arrived in the Holy City, he had himself scourged through the streets. When by a fraud he managed to get himself admitted to the Holy Sepulchre, a miracle allegedly occurred. The stone became so soft that he bit off a piece and took it back to France with him. He built a church at Loches designed on that in Jerusalem. He made a second pilgrimage to Jerusalem and built churches and monasteries in France on his return. He went to the Holy Land for the third time and died at Metz on his way home.

In 1069 the nobles of Maine and burghers of Le Mans united to drive out the Norman garrison from Le Mans and sent for Azo of Liguria, son-in-law of Herbert "Wake Dog", Count of Maine. Azo was old and disinclined to fight so left his wife and child to rule in Maine with help of his chief supporter Geoffrey of Mayenne and returned to Liguria. The Manceux decided to get rid of them, formed a commune and drove out Azo's family, besieging the barons' castles and hanging and blinding those who had oppressed them. They took power and sent for Fulk IV of Anjou but William the Conqueror came to Normandy and put down the the uprising. Maine submitted to the Conqueror, Fulk was made overlord and William's eldest son was given the title of Count of Maine.

Fulk V was born about 1092 and became an ally of the English who, by the Treaty of Gisors (March/April 1113), recognised his right to succeed his father-in-law in Maine when he died in 1109. In 1119 Fulk's daughter, Matilda of Anjou, married William the Atheling (Henry's I's son by Edith Matilda of Scotland, descendant of the Saxon Atheling). Under the terms of the Treaty of Gisors, Henry I was recognised as overlord of Maine and Brittany. When Henry I's son William the Atheling died in the wreck of the "White Ship" on 25.11.1120, William's wife Matilda of Anjou went into a convent. Fulk's second daughter Sybille of Anjou married William Clito, son of Henry I's brother Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy but the marriage was annulled and Sybille married Thierry or Dierick, Count of Flanders.

Fulk V was a short, fat, coarse, red-haired man, a good and experienced soldier, of an affable, generous, patient and prudent nature. He was aged 39 or 40 when he went to Jerusalem after the death of his first wife Ermentrude, was given Melisande, heiress of Jerusalem as his second wife and became king there. He was involved in the dispute regarding the inheritance of Antioch, defeated the Saracen Zengi and fought against John Comnenus, Emperor of Constantinople who tried to capture Antioch which he claimed as his inheritance. Zenghi attacked a second time and Fulk was defeated, taking refuge in the castle of Montferrand. Fulk's son-in-law Dierick or Thierry of Flanders arrived in the Holy Land, crossing the Jordan to rid the area of brigands but the Turks took this opportunity of attacking South Palestine. During the last year of his life Fulk built the castle of Kerak in Moab, Ibelin on the site of Gath, 10 miles from Ascalon and Blanchegarde at Tell-es-Safiyeh, 8 miles from Ascalon. Fulk died of a fractured skill in 1144 when his horse fell whilst hunting a hare.

Fig. 16 - Plantagenet Counts of Anjou & kings of Jerusalem; Counts of Toulouse, Tripoli & Antioch

Fulk Nerra, pilgrim in Jerusalem before Crusades > Fulk "le Rechin" (the sourfaced), Count of Touraine and Anjou:

= (1) Hildegarde > Hermengarde

= (2) Hermengarde > Geoffrey Martel

= (3) Bertrade de Montfort >: Fulk V = (1) Ermentrude, d. of Helias le Fleche, Count of

Maine, heir of Hugh of Liguria >:

(a) Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou = Matilda, d. of Henry I of England > Henry II =

Eleanor, d. of William X, Count of Aquitaine (son of William IX the Crusader) > King John

> illegitimate d. Joan Plantagenet = Llywelyan ap Iorwerth > Margaret = John

de Braiose > Agnes de Braiose = Urian St. Pierre > Isabel de St. Pierre = Walter

Cokesey > Cicely Cokesay = Thomas Cassy > Agnes Cassy = Thomas Hoddington

> Joan Hoddington = Roger Winter of Wych (see Fig 3 descent of the manor of

Bramley, Surrey).

(b) Elie de Anjou.

(d) Matilda de Anjou, betrothed to William the Atheling (son of Henry I) who died in

the wreck of the “White Ship”. She became a nun.

Fulk V, king of Jerusalem = (1) Bertrade who ran away and became mistress of Philip of France >:

(a) Florus

(b) Philip

of Tripoli > Raymond of Tripoli & St. Gilles, Count of Toulouse (1105) = Elvira of Castile >

1. Alfonso-Jordan, Count of Toulouse (probably assassinated in 1148)

2. Bertrand of Toulouse > Pons of Tripoli = Cecilia of France > Raymond II = Hodierna of

Jerusalem >:

(A) Melisande

(B) Raymond III (1187) = Eschiva.

Fulk = (2) on 2.6.11.29 Melisende or Millicent, d. of Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem (chosen by Louis VI of France) >:

(A) Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem.

(B) Amaury.

Hugh of Rethel = Melisande >:

1. Cecilia of Rethel = Roger of Salerno (1119)

2. Isabel of Rethel = Joscelin I of Courtenay as his 2nd wife (^)

3. Baldwin II du Bourg, king of Jerusalem = Morphia, d. of Gabriel of Melitene >:

(a) Joveta, abbess of Bethany

(b) Adelaide of Sicily

Constance of France > Constance of Antioch = (1) Raymond of Poitou = (2) Renaud

de Chatillon, son of Count of Gien, lord of Kerak of Moab = (2) Stephanie, widow of

Miles of Plancy, heiress of Outrejordan. By (1) >:

1. Phillipa.

2. Baldwin.

3. Maria = Manuel Comnenus.

Bohemond III of Antioch >:

(1) Raymond

(2) Bohemond IV of Antioch.

(a) Millicent or Melisande = Fulk of Anjou (1162-74) >:

1. Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem = Theodora Comnena of Constantinople.

2. Amaury I, king of Jerusalem = (1) Agnes, d. of Jocelyn of Courtenay II = (2)

Maria Comnena = (2) Balian of Ibelin. By (1) >:

(A) Baldwin IV "the Leper" (1174-85), king of Jerusalem.

(B) Sybille = (1) William, Count of Montferrat = (2) Guy de Lusignan who

bought Cyprus & became king >:

(a) Baldwin V (d. 1186), king of Jerusalem.

(b) infants obsp.

Champagne = (4) Amaury de Lusignan. By Humphrey >:

1. Alice = Hugh de Lusignan.

2. Maria of Montferrat = John de Brienne (+) > Isabel or Yolande = as his 2^nd

wife Frederick II Hohenstaufen (1197-1250) (son of Henry VI by Constance of

Sicily & grandson of Frederick Barbarossa) > Conrad of Hohenstaufen, king of

Jerusalem & Sicily (d.1254) > Conradin (beheaded 1268).

Charles Boutell in his "Manual of Heraldry" mentions Sir William de Bryenne of Seal, Kent and Sir Guy de Bryenne (Guy de Brian, castellan of St. Briavels), knight of the Garter (1370).

(+) The family of Brienne descended from Engelbert I (950), Count of Brienne. 7th in line from him was Count Erard II whose son was John de Brienne, King of Jerusalem (1148-1237). John's nephew Walter, Count of Jaffa's grandson Walter, Duke of Athens was killed in 1311 at the Battle of Cephissus. The line ended in 1507. John de Brienne by Berengaria (Queen Eleanor of Castile's aunt), daughter of Alfonso IX, king of Castile & Leon, had a younger son Louis who became Viscount Beaumont of Maine by right of his wife Agnes de Beaumont. Their younger son Henry (d. 1340) was earl of Buchan, lord of Man, Constable of England and Justiciar of Scotland. John, 4th lord Beaumont, was Henry's great grandson. His brother Louis (d. 1333) was Bishop of Durham. Henry's great grandson John, 4th lord Beaumont, had a younger son Thomas de Beaumont from whom descends the cadet branch at Cole Orton, Leicester. Maud de Beaumont, Countess of Angus married first Gilbert de Umfraville and then in 1247 Richard of Dover, son of Richard fitzRoy de Warenne, lord of Chilham Castle, Kent (illegitimate son of King John and brother of Joan, wife of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth). Their daughter Isabel married David, earl of Atholl (d. 1270).

Cyprus passed to Amaury de Lusignan's son Hugh.

Raymond de St. Gilles, count of Toulouse & Tripoli > William Jordan of Cerdagne, Count of Tripoli (d. obsp in battle) > his cousin Bertrand of Toulouse (d. 1112) son of Raymond of Toulouse's son by his first wife whom he repudiated > Pons of Tripoli > Raymond of St. Gilles, Count of Toulouse & Tripoli (d. 1105) = Elvira of Castile >:

(a) Alfonso-Jordan, Count of Toulouse (assassinated).

(b) Bertrand of Toulouse & Tripoli > Pons of Tripoli = Cecilia of France, Fulk of Anjou's

half-sister & widow of Tancred of Antioch (obsp 1112) > Raymond II of Tripoli (1137

-1152) = Hodierna, d. of Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem (1118-1131) by his queen Morphia

> Raymond III of Tripoli (1152-obsp 1187) = widow of Hugh of St. Omer, lord of Tiberias

& Galilee.

Fig 17 - Hauteville, kings of Sicily & Navarre, Princes of Antioch, Taranto, Bari & Capua, Dukes of Apulia

Tancred de Hauteville = (2) Fressenda >:

(a) William Bras de Fer

(b) Roger Borsa

(d) Robert Guiscard, Count & Duke of Apulia (d. 1085) = (1) Alberada of Bounalbergo = (2)

Sigelgaita >:

(A) Emma = Odo the Good >:

1. Tancred (d. 1111), Prince of Antioch = Cecilia of France

2. Richard of Salerno = Isabella > Roger (d. 1119) = Cecilia of Rethel, sister of

Baldwin II of Jerusalem (1118-1131) & d. of Hugh I Count of Rethel & Melisande

(B) Bohemond of Taranto (d. 1111), Prince of Antioch = Constance of France >

Bohemond II of Taranto = Alice of Jerusalem > Constance of Taranto = (1) Raymond

of Poitiers = (2) Reynald of Chatillon. By (1) Phillipa. By (2) >:

(a) Baldwin

(b) Maria = Manuel Comnenus

1. Bohemond IV of Taranto (1201-1233)

2. Raymond

(e) 8 others

(f) Roger I, Count of Sicily (d. 1101) = Adelaide of Savona = (2) Baldwin I as his 2^nd

wife (annulled). By (1) >:

(A) Simon (d. 1105)

(B) Roger II, king of Sicily = (1) Elvira (d. 1135), d. of Alfonso VI, king of

Castile = (2) Sibyl of Burgundy = (3) Beatrice of Rethel. By (1) Elvira of

Castile = Roger II of Sicily >:(a) Roger, Duke of Apulia (d. 1148) = Elizabeth,

d. of Theobald of Champagne. By his mistress Emma (d. of Count Achard of

Lecce) Roger of Apulia had > Tancred of Lecce, king of Sicily (1190-4) =

Sibylla, d. of Count Roger of Averra >:

(1) Roger, Duke of Apulia (d. 1194) = Irene, d. of Isaac II Angelus, Emperor

of Byzantium

(2) William III, king of Sicily (d. 1194)

(3) Alfonso (d. 1144)

(4) Mary

of Navarre >:

1. William II, king of Sicily = Joan Plantagenet, d. of Henry II of England = (2)

Raymond, Count of Toulouse.

2. Robert

3. Henry, Prince of Capua (d. 1172).

4. Roger, Duke of Apulia (d. 1161).

(D) Tancred, Prince of Taranto & Bari (d. 1139)

(E) Adelaide = Henry VI, Emperor of Germany (1190-7), son of Frederick "Barbarossa"

(1197-1259).

(F) Henry

Roger II of Sicily by (3) Beatrice of Rethel = Roger II of Sicily > Constance = Henry VI, Emperor of Germany (1190-97) son of Frederick Barbarossa (1152-90) > Frederick II, Emperor of Germany, king of Sicily (1197-1250) = Yolande, d. of John de Brienne, king of Jerusalem.

Fig. 18 - Counts of Mortain & Perche & Kings of Sicily

Herleva, mother of William the Conqueror = Herluin of Conteville >:

(a) Robert of Mortaigne, Count of Perche = Beatrice >:

1. Margaret = Henry of Neuborg (Newburgh), earl of Warwick >:

A. Robert.

B- Rothrud, Archbishop of Rouen

2. Julienne = Gilbert d’Aigle >:

A. Gilbert, Count of Gravina (illegit son)

B. Margaret d’Aigle = Garcia Ramirez, king of Navarre (1134-50) >.

(a) Margaret (1154-66) = William I of Sicily > William II of Sicily (1166-89) =

Joan Plantagenet.

(b) Henry, Count of Montecaglioso.

3. Rothrud II of Mortaigne = (1) Haroise of Evreux = (2) Robert of Dreux, brother of Louis

VII of France- By (1) >:

(i) Rothrud III

(ii) Geoffrey

(iii) Stephen du Perche (illegitimate son)

(b) Odo, Bishop of Bayeux

1. Hugh “Lupus”, earl of Chester = Ermentrude, d. of Hugh, earl of Beauvois >

Richard, earl of Chester (d. in the wreck of the “White Ship”) = Maud, d. of

Stephen of Blois & Adela, d. of William “the Conqueror”

2. Margaret = Ranulph Viscount Bayeux (son of earl of Carlisle)

Richard I (942-996), duke of Normandy by his mistress Gunnor >:

(a) Godfrey of Brionne > Gilbert of Brionne (d. 1040) >:

1. Baldwin of Meules, Sheriff of Exeter (ancestor of the Mules & Exeters) > William

fitzBaldwin > d. said to have married William Gwyntour, Lord of Menorgain &

castellan of Rhyd-y-gors

2. Richard fitzGilbert of Tonbridge & Clare (d.1109) of Tonbridge > fitzWalters & de

Clares

(b) William,Count of Eu (d. 1054) >:

1. Robert, Count of EU (d. 1090) > William, Count of Eu (d. 1134-40)

2. Hugh, bishop of Lisieux

3. William Busac

Herleva = Herluin of Conteville >:

(a) Odo, Bishop of Bayeua (1049-97)

(b) Robert of Mortaigne (d. 1091)

Leofric of Mercia. By (1) >:

A. Hugh ”Lupus” earl of Chester > Richard, earl of Chester (died in wreck of “White

Ship”) = Maud, d. Stephen of Blois & Adela, d. of William I “the Conqueror”.

B. Margaret = Ranulf, Viscount Bayeux (son of John Bohun, earl of Carlisle & Cumbria –

arms:”azure, 3 garbs (wheatsheaves) or” > Ranulf “le Meschin”, lord of Carlisle, 3^rd

earl of Chester (d. 1192), lord of Kendal, Ewecross, Copeland & the Honour of

Lancaster (1102-1123) later claimed by David of Scotland and released to Ranulf in

1147. He renounced the Honour of Carlisle on accepting Chester (1110). Ranulf =

Bertrada, d. of Geoffrey de Lucy, lord of Cockermouth who held the Honour of

Egremont > Ranulf aux Gernons or Gernous (d. 1153 = Matilda, d. of Mabil (d. of

Robert fitzHamon) & Robert, earl of Gloucester (illegitimate son of Henry I by Nesta, d.

of Rhys ap Tudor). Matilda of Gloucester was niece of the Empress Matilda > Hugh

fitzRanulf, Kevellick or Cyfeiliog (d. 1181) = Eleanor de Montfort (earl Simon's aunt) >

Ranulf Blundeville = (1) Constance of Brittany, widow of Geoffrey Plantagenet, 4^th son

of Henry II. He imprisoned her at the castle of St. James de Beauvron but she

escaped and married her lover Guy of Thouars. Ranulf = (2) the widow of Alan

Dinant, sister of Geoffrey de Filgiers (Fougeres) of Normandy. Blundeville died in

1232 and his heart was buried at Wallingford castle > his 4 sisters >:

1. Matilda = David, earl of Angus & Galloway (son of Henry of Huntingdon, brother of

David, king of Scots) > John the Scot (obsp) = Gwladus Dhu, d. of Llywelyn ap

Iorwerth

2. Agnes = William, earl Ferrars of Derby, lord ot Tutbury & Oakham.

3. Hawisia = Robert, lord Quincy

4. Mabilia = William d'Aubigny, earl of Arundel & Sussex, lord of Buckenham, Norfolk

Seneschal of England > Cecilia d'Aubigny = Robert Montalt of Hawarden & Mold,

Flintshire > St. Pierre family > Cokesay family > Winters of Wych.

Bertrada de Lucy = (2) Ivo Taillebois of Spalding, nephew of the Conqueror (one member of the Taillebois family married a niece of Thorold of Buckenhall, brother of Godiva). Bertrada = (3) Roger fitzGerald of Roumare (son of Geraldus by a d. of Alger, earl of Mercia (Alfgerus Stallare, Algere Staller), earl of Essex and Constable of England at the Conquest who held +Monks Risborough. Stalre, staller or dux was a constable, military leader or standard bearer, this office was later given to Walter, son of Robert of Gloucester) > Roger fitzGerald’s son was William of Roumare, earl of Lincoln (d. 1161) = Hawise, sister of Baldwin of Redvers, earl of Devon.

Yet another family which had branches in Palentine, France and England were the Courtneys.

Fig 19 - Courtenay, Counts of Edessa, Emperors of Constantinople & Counts of Devon

Courtenay: Athon, lord of Courtenay in the Gatanais & of Chateau Renard (11th century) >:

1. Joscelin (d. 1131) his grandson, on 1st crusade with his cousin Baldwin of Bruges or

Bourges (their mothers were sisters), Count of Edessa Jocelyn I of Courtenay = sister of

Leo I & Thoros (grandsons of Roupen I, lord of Vahka, Cilicia, Armenia. Leo = sister of

Baldwin du Bourg). Joscelin (1131) de Courtenay, count of Edessa = (2) Isabella, sister

of Melisende, wife of Hugh I, count of Rethel (father of Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem) >

Joscelin II = Beatrice >:

(A) Sibylla of Courtenay

(B) Joscelin III of Courtenay expelled by Turks in 1165

Jerusalem (1162-1174) = (3) Hugh of Ibelin = (4) Reynold, lord of Sidon & Beaufort

called Qalat-al-Sharif (both grandsons of Eustace Garnier, baron of Sidon & Caesarea,

constable of Jerusalem) > descendants held Sidon & Beaufort till 1260 even under the

Saracens.

2. Miles of Courtenay, eldest brother, lord of Courtenay > Renaud of Courtenay > d. married

Peter, son of king Louis VII of France > Peter of Courtenay (d. 1218), Latin Emperor of

Constantinople in 1206 >:

(a) Robert of Courtenay (d. 1228). Emperor of Constantinople

(b) Baldwin of Courtenay (d. 1273) deposed 1261.

3. Renaud (d. 1190), witness to charter in 1150-1 at Rouen, given Sutton Courtenay,

Berkshire by Henry II in 1160 > Renaud (d. 1194) = Hawise, lady of Okehampton and

acquired lands in Devon > Robert de Courtenay (d.1242) of Okehampton = d. of William

de Vernon, earl of Devon > great grandson Hugh de Courtenay (d. 1340) > descendants to

20th

The Courtenays whose arms were "or, a torteaux gules" (Boulogne) were descendants of Renaud or Reginald de Courtenay who witnessed a charter of Henry of Anjou at Rouen in 1151. In 1160 Reginald received Sutton Courtenay in Berkshire. They were descendants of the lords of Chateau Renard in the Loing valley, south east of Paris. Athon of Chateau Renard fortified the adjacent town of Courtenay in 1010. His grandson Joscelin went on the First Crusade with his cousin Baldwin du Bourq, Bourg or Bruges (their mothers were sisters) and succeeded him as Count of Edessa in 1118. Baldwin of Bourges (alternatively Bruges in Flanders) was a close kinsman of Eustace II, count of Boulogne and Joscelin's English kinsman Renaud bore the Bolougne arms. Pierre, Louis VII and Constance, wife of Eustace, count of Bolougne were the children of Louis VI of France - Pierre married Courtenay's daughter Elizabeth. Pierre of France and Renaud de Courtenay both bore the Boulogne arms as they picked up the count's fallen banner at Toulouse.

Joscelin I of Courtenay (1118-1131) was given the castle of Turbessel or Tel Bashir in Edessa by Baldwin du Bourg in 1118 but this was retaken by Baldwin who later gave him Galilee which had been left vacant by Hugh St. Omer (Santomer or Seymour). Joscelin was taken prison by the Turks and died when a tunnel collapsed when he was watching a sapper mining a castle. His left a son Joscelin II (1131-43) who had a son also named Joscelyn III and a daughter Agnes de Courtenay.

Emperor Henry the Lion died on 23.5.1125 and the Great Council of England did homage to his wife the Empress Matilda, twin daughter of Henry I on 25.12.1126 in presence of her father and her uncle David of Scotland who took the oath as her vassal. Next to swear the oath was Stephen, Count of Mortaigne and Boulogne, the Conqueror's grandson.

Home | Previous | Next