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The Golden Falcon |
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Chapter XI/7 - Cavalier |
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Three
of William Monson's sons, Robert, John and William, were in favour with
James I but two of them were sent to the Tower because of their connection
with Henry Howard. By
1613-15 James I became aware of the truth regarding the Spanish pensions ("History of
England from the Accession of James I to the Disgrace of Chief Justice
Coke" - Dr. Gardiner London 1863]
as the English ambassador to Spain Sir John
Digby (nephew of the Gunpowder Plotter, Everard Digby) secured a list of
the Spanish pensioners in September 1613. One
of them was Thomas Howard (Lord Howard de Walden in 1597 and earl of
Suffolk in 1603) who was the earl of Northampton's nephew and Frances
Howard's father. His wife
Lady Suffolk (Katherine nee Knevett who was his cousin) was described as
one of the "greediest for
Spanish gold" [Weldon - "Court
of King James" 18 - London p.338).
Her daughter (Northampton's niece) Frances Howard, Lady Somerset
(formerly Countess of Essex) was named as a person with whom he was
supposed have negotiated. Frances
left her husband, Robert Devereaux, 3rd earl of Essex, to marry James I's
favourite Robert Carr, both of whom were implicated in the plot to murder
Sir Thomas Overbury. Robert
Carr, duke of Somerset (Lord Rochester) wished to legitimise his
adulterous affair with Frances. She
was an enemy of Sir Thomas Overbury who seemed to have known of
circumstances that would have prevented her obtaining the divorce which
she and her lover wanted. The
divorce was obtained on the grounds of the earl of Essex's physical
incapacity to consummate the marriage. The historian Weldon said that a daughter of Sir Thomas
Monson, heavily veiled, impersonated the Countess of Essex before the jury
of matrons empanelled to examine her to prove or disprove she was still "virgo
intacto". In
1613 Overbury died of poisoning whilst imprisoned in the Tower for
refusing an embassy (the earl of Northampton having thought up this trick
to get him out of the way). Thomas
and William Monson junior were imprisoned; Thomas being accused of having
actually been one of the people who poisoned Overbury. Northampton
died in June 1614. William
Monson senior became Admiral of the Narrow Seas and was in charge of
guarding the Channel from 21.7.1604-5 until 13.1.1615-16.
In 1617 he was called upon to advise the best way of attacking
Algiers because of Algerine pirate raids, some led by Christian renegades. Pirate
raids started as early as 1575 when John Winter of Bristol, son of Amy
Winter, widow and husband of Marion, was captured by Turks and 40 pounds
ransom was sought in 1578 in Allorchia, Turkey [Calendar
of Patent Rolls Elizabeth I Vol. 7 No. 2892]
and these continued well in to the 1600s. Pepys
reported in his Dairy on 14.6.1660 -
"And then to a new alehouse in Brewers Yard Winter that had a
fray with Stoakes"
and again on 27.6.1662 -
"After
dinner comes Sir J. Minnes and some captains with him, who have been at a
Council of War today, who tells us they have acquitted Captain Hall who
was accused of cowardice in letting of old Winter, the Algiers pirate, go
away from him with a prize or two."
The first referred to was William Winter of
Portsmouth, a merchant, who had been in dispute with Captain Stoakes over
a prize taken about 1657 in the Mediterranean [CPSD 1659-60 p. 289-90]
and perhaps the second but John Winter of Dyrham
was also accused of piracy. The
Algiers pirate may have been William “Mustapha”
Winter. William
Monson senior arrested the unfortunate Arabella Stuart (who was at the
coronation of Queen Anne of Denmark on 25.7.1603) after the plot of 1603
to place her on the throne. Henry
Brounker was sent to investigate+ Arabella's proposed runaway marriage to
Edward Seymour. When
she later married his brother William Seymour without the king's
permission, they were both arrested.
Seymour was sent to the Tower and she was put into the custody of
the Bishop of London. Seymour
escaped but Arabella was captured outside Calais harbour, sent to the
Tower and after 4 years imprisonment, died a lunatic on 27.9.1615. In
1618 William Monson's 19-year-old second son, also named William, was set
up by the Howard faction to be James I's next favourite but they did not
succeeded whereupon he attached himself to another favourite George
Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. James
I (brought up without a father or mother) had the reputation of being a
notorious homosexual, it was said that his Queen, Anne of Denmark, played
children's games at court where ladies lay drunk at the king's feet while
he fondled his males favourites in public. William
Monson junior was knighted, became MP for Reigate in 1626 and married his
old mistress Margaret, daughter of James Stuart, earl of Murray
(Nottingham's second wife and widow) whose page he had been in October
1625. William Monson junior was created Baron Monson of Bellingard,
Limerick, Viscount Castlemaine and left a son who died childless. John
Monson, William Monson senior's eldest son , was described by his father
as "a dangerous Papist" although
there are some doubts to whether the Monsons were Catholics or Protestants
- perhaps like most families of the time, they hunted with the hounds and
ran with the hare merely to survive. William
Monson senior died in 1642-3 and was buried in St. Martins-in-the-Fields
on 13.12.1642-3. His wife
outlived him and the administration of estates was granted to William
Monson junior, Viscount Castlemaine, second son, although the eldest John "the Papist", did not die until 20.8.1645.
John married Anne Mayne in 1641 and the deed of marriage settlement
stated that his father held Kinnersley, Surrey, 120 acres in Minster and
Eastchurch, Kent and the manors of Croftes and Skegness in Lincolnshire at
the time. John Monson left an
infant daughter Anne who married Sir Francis Throckmorton of Coughton,
Warwickshire who sold Kinnersley in 1666 which then comprised about 160
acres. William
senior's youngest son Francis Monson died young.
His other son, Thomas Monson, was created a baronet and his son,
another William Monson, was created Viscount Castlemaine by Charles I
although one of the regicides. In
1661 he was degraded of his honours by Charles II and was sentenced with
Sir Henry Mildmay and Robert Wallop to be drawn on sledges with ropes
around their necks to Tyburn and back to the Tower there to remain
prisoners for life. Sir Henry
Mildmay had been Master of the Jewels to Charles I and died in exile in
Antwerp. Pepys
reported on 25.1.1661-2: "Going
to take water upon Tower Hill we met with three sleddes standing there to
carry my Lord Monson and Sir H. Mildmay and another, to the gallows and
back, with ropes about their necks; which is to be repeated every year,
this being the day of their sentencing the king." Fig:
113
- Howard of Effingham Elizabeth
Tilney = (1) Humphrey Bourchier, 2nd Lord Berners (d. 1471) > John
Bourchier, Lord Berners = Katherine Howard (d. of Margaret Chedworth &
John Howard, 1st duke). Muriel
Howard = Thomas Knyvett > Edward Knevett = Joan Bourchier (d. of
Catherine Howard & John Bourchier) > Katherine Knyvett (1606) =
Thomas Howard (1561-1626) earl of Suffolk. William
Howard, Chief Justice of Common Pleas (1297-1307) > Sir John Howard,
knight > Sir John Howard, knight > Sir John Howard, knight > Sir
Robert Howard of Tendring (1384-1436) = Margaret de Mowbray (daughter of
earl of Norfolk) > John Howard (1435-83), grandson of Elizabeth
fitzAlan (sister of last earl of Surrey), created duke of Norfolk by
Richard III (28.6.1484), attainted 7.11.1485 = (1) Catherine, d. of
William, Lord Moleyns = (2) Margaret, d. of John Chedworth > Katherine
Howard = John Bourchier, Lord Berners > Joan Bourchier = Edward Knevett.
By (1) >: A.
Anne Howard = Edward Gorges. B.
Thomas Howard, 2nd duke (1443-1525) created earl of Surrey by
Richard III
(28.6.1483), restored as 2nd duke = (1) Elizabeth Tilney
(d. 1497), widow of
Humphrey Bourchier, 2nd Lord Berners (d. 1474) = (2) her first
cousins Agnes
Tilney (d. 1544) sister of Philip Tilney.
By (1) >:
a. Elizabeth Howard =
Thomas Boleyn, Lord Rochfort > Anne Boleyn = Henry VIII.
b. Edmund or Edward
Howard, Comptroller of Calais (1478-80-1539) = (1)
Joyce Culpepper = (2) Dorothy Troyes
By (1) >:
(1) Katherine Howard = Henry VIII.
(2) Margaret Howard = Thomas Arundell (ex. 1552 after Western
Rebellion
> Mary Arundell = Thomas Howard, 4th Duke.
c. Muriel Howard = (q1)
John Grey, Viscount Lisle (1492-1504) = (2) Thomas
Knyvett
d. Thomas Howard, 3rd
Duke (1473-1544 bur. St. Saviours, Southwark), earl of
Surrey (1.2.1514), Lord High Admiral (1542) = (1) Anne Plantagenet
(d. 1512),
d. of Edward IV = (2) Elizabeth Stafford (d. 1558), d. of Edward,
duke of
Buckingham > Henry, earl of Surrey (ex. 1546) = Frances de Vere,
d. of John
de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford (1517-47) >:
1. Henry Howard, earl of
Northampton (1540-1614), Warden of Cinque
Ports, Lord Privy Seal, supported Mary, Queen of Scots, was
implicated in
the Overbury murder)
2. Thomas Howard, 4th
duke (ex. 1572) = (1) Mary, d. of Thomas Arundell
(ex. 1552). Thomas
Howard = (2) Margaret, d. of Thomas, Lord Audley,
widow of
Henry, Lord Dudley.
Thomas Howard = (3) Elizabeth, d. of
James Leybourn, widow of Thomas, Lord Dacre.
By (3) >:
(A) Thomas Howard, earl of Suffolk (1561-1626), Lord High Admiral =
Katherine, d. of Henry Knevett of Chartley > Frances Howard =
(1)
Robert Devereaux, 3rd earl of Essex = (2) Robert Carr,
earl of
Somerset.
(B) William Howard "Belted
Will",
3rd son, earl of Carlisle = Elizabeth
Dacres
(1577) heiress of Naworth & Greystoke >. Anne or Mary
Howard = Sir
John Winter of Lydney.
Elizabeth
Howard = Thomas Boleyn > Mary Boleyn = William Carey >: (a)
Catherine Carey = Francis Knollys >:
1. William Knollys =
Elizabeth Howard.
2. Lettice Knollys = (1)
Walter Devereaux, 1st earl of Essex = (2) Robert Dudley,
earl of Leicester as 2nd wife = (3) Christopher Blount
(exec. after Essex plot). By
(1) > Robert Devereax, 2nd earl of Essex = Frances,
d. of Francis Walsingham >
Robert Devereaux, 3rd earl of Essex = Frances Howard
(implicated in
Overbury murder). (b)
Henry Carey, 1st Lord Hunsdon > Catherine Carey = Charles Howard of
Effingham,
earl of Nottingham Thomas,
2nd duke by (2) Agnes Tilney >: a.
Anne Howard = John de Vere, earl of Oxford > Frances de Vere = Henry
Howard,
earl of Surrey. b.
William Howard, earl of Carlisle, Lord High Chamberlain, Lord High
Admiral, Lord
Privy Seal, created Lord Howard of Effingham by Mary Tudor = (1)
Margaret
Gamage = (2) Katherine (d. 1535, bur. St. Mary Lambeth), d. of John
Broughton (of
John Murray of Broughton) >:
1. Mary Howard (d.
21.87.1699) = (1) Edward Sutton, Lord Dudley = (2) Richard
Mompesson who erected her monument at St.
Margaret's, Westminster > Edward
Sutton's; grand daughter & heiress Frances = Humble Ward, Baron
of Birmingham
(1644), son of William Ward, goldsmith of London and Elizabeth (d.
1616, buried
St. Saviours, Southwark on the same day as
her father), d. of Richard Humble,
alderman of London (d. 1616 , bur. St. Saviours, Southwark) >
earls of Dudley.
2. William Howard of
Lingfield >:
(A) Edward Howard (d. 11.8.1620).
(B) Francis Howard (d. 1620) = Jane, d. of William Monson.
(C) Charles Howard (d. 14.3.1652-3)
3. Charles Howard (d.
14.12.1624, aged 88 at Haling House, bur. Reigate, Surrey)
Lord Effingham, earl of Nottingham, MP for Surrey, Privy Councillor,
Knight of the
Garter, Lord Lieutenant for Surrey & Sussex, Lord High Admiral
= (1) Katherine, d.
of Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon = (2) Margaret, d. of James Stuart,
earl of Murray.
She = (2) William Monson, Baron Monson of Bellingard, Co. Limerick,
Lord
Castlemaine.
By (1) Katherine Carey >:
(1) Lady Kildare.
(2) d. = Francis Southwell (d. 1620) of Gimingham, Norfolk (kinsman
of Sir Robert
Southwell of Wood Rising.
(3) d. = Richard Leveson
(4) d. = Sir Robert Southwell (who fought against the Spanish
Armada). William
Monson's eldest daughter Jane married Nottingham's nephew Sir Francis
Howard of Lingfield. Thomas,
son of John Arundell, was in the households of Thomas, Cardinal Wolsey and
St. Thomas More. He became
Chancellor of Augmentations and was executed as a follower of Thomas
Seymour, earl of Somerset. Thomas
Arundell's brother was John Arundell of Lanherne. Thomas
Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk (1443-1525) was created earl of
Surrey by Richard III on 28.6.1483, restored as 2nd duke and
made Treasurer (1501-22). He
was victor at Flodden Field in 1513 against the Scots and married firstly
Elizabeth Tilney (d. 1497), widow of Humphrey Bourchier, 2nd Lord Berners
(d. 1471) and then her first cousin Agnes Tilney (d. 1544).
Amongst the children he had by his first wife were Thomas 3rd duke,
Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Boleyn (Queen Anne's parents) and Edmund or
Edward who married Joyce Culpepper (parents of Queen Katherine Howard).
Queen Katherine's sister Margaret, was wife of Thomas Arundell,
executed in 1552 after the Western Rebellion.
Thomas, 2nd duke died in 1524 aged 88 before the reign of Henry
VIII. Thomas
Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (1473-1554) was sent to the Tower of London by
Henry VIII and only saved from execution because the king died before him.
He was attainted in 1546 and was again in the Tower during the
reign of Edward IV but was released and restored in 1553 by Mary I, who
created him Lord Howard of Effingham.
He was on her Council and commanded the forces against Sir Thomas
Wyatt. Thomas Howard married
first Anne Plantagenet (.d. 1512), daughter of Edward IV and secondly
Elizabeth Stafford (d. 1558) daughter of the Duke of Buckingham. The
3rd Duke's son and heir, Henry, earl of Surrey was executed in 1546 but
left a son Thomas (later 4th duke) by his wife Frances de Vere, relative
of the John de Vere, 15th earl of Oxford (1517-47). Thomas
Howard, 4th duke of Norfolk was executed in 1572 after the plot to marry
him to Mary, Queen of Scots. He
married first Mary, daughter of Thomas Arundell (executed in 1552 after
the Western Rebellion. His
second wife was Margaret (daughter of Thomas, Lord Audley and widow of
Henry, Lord Dudley) by whom he had Thomas, earl of Suffolk (1561-1626),
Lord High Admiral who married his cousin Katherine, daughter of Henry
Knyvett of Chadley (they were parents of Frances, Countess of Essex) and
William Howard, earl of Carlisle "Belted
Will", 3rd son swho married Elizabeth Dacres (1577), heiress of
Naworth and Greystoke (parents of Mary or Anne, wife of Sir John Winter of
Lydney. The
4th Duke married for a third time Elizabeth, daughter of James Leybourne,
widow of Thomas, Lord Dacre. Henry,
earl of Northampron (1540-1614), Warden of the Cinque Ports and Lord Privy
Seal (implicated in the plot to murder Sir Thomas Overbury) was the 4th
Duke's brother. Anne
Boleyn's uncle William Howard, Lord Effingham, earl of Carlisle was the
2nd duke's son by his second wife Agnes Tilney. William
Howard married first Margaret Gamage and secondly Katherine, daughter of
John Broughton (d. 1535, bur. St. Mary Lambeth).
William received a grant of Reigate Priory at the Dissolution and
other lands in Surrey. He
had a daughter Mary (d. 21.8.1600) who married Edward Sutton, lord Dudley,
then Richard Mompessom who erected her monument at St. Margaret's,
Westminster. Edward Sutton's
grand daughter and heiress, Frances married Humble Ward, baron of
Birmingham (1544), son of William Ward, goldsmith of London and Elizabeth
Humble daughter of Richard Humble, Alderman of London (d. 1616 bur. St.
Saviours, Southwark). Their
descendants became earls of Dudley. William
Howard of Effingham had 2 sons Charles and William of Lingfield.
The latter had 3 sons Edward (d. 11.8.1629), Francis and Charles
(d. 14.3.1652-3). His
son Charles, Lord Effingham, earl of Nottingham changed his religion under
Henry VIII, Edward IV, Mary I and Elizabeth I (he was her mother's first
cousin) He was MP for Surrey,
Privy Councillor, Knight of the Garter, Lord Lieutenant of Surrey and
Sussex and Lord High Admiral. As
such he had to take the Oath of Supremacy.
He sat on Commissions for the trials of the Babbington Plot
conspirators, Mary, Queen of Scots, the Gunpowder Plotters, Father Garnett
SJ and on a Commission for discovering and expelling Catholic priests
under James I. He accepted
grants of confiscated property of Catholic recusants and conspirators such
as the Gages of Haling. He
had 3 daughters, one married Lord Kildare, another was wife of Francis
Southwell of Gimingham, Norfolk and the third married Sir Richard Leveson. Effingham
died aged 87 in 1624 at Haling House, Surrey and was buried at Reigate.
The inscription on his tomb reads: "Here
lieth the body of Charles Howard, earl of Nottingham, Lord High Admiral of
England, General of Queen Elizabeth's Navy Royal at sea against the
Spaniard's Invincible Navy in the year of our Lord 1588 who departed this
life at Haling House, the 14th day of December in the year of our Lord
1624 - Aetatis sue 87." The
Southwells were another naval family who held lands in Norfolk, Kent and
Gloucestershire. The Howards,
Southwells and Monsons were intermarried.
Sir Robert Southwell (who fought against the Spanish Armada) was
married to a daughter of Admiral Charles Howard of Effingham, earl of
Nottingham, Howard's other daughter married Francis Southwell (d. 1620) of
Gimingham, Norfolk (kinsman of Sir Robert Southwell of Wood Rising) and
William Monson's eldest daughter Jane married Nottingham's nephew Sir
Francis Howard of Lingfield.
William Monson, Baron Monson of Bellingard,
Limerick, Viscount Castlemaine (b. 2.2.1599-1600 in London) married
Margaret, second wife and widow of the earl of Nottingham whose page he
had been. She was daughter of
James Stuart, earl of Murray. Sir
Robert Southwell was given command of the
"Elizabeth Jonas" (22.12.1587-15.2.1588,
21.4.1588-15.9.1588) and took
part in the battle of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
In 1547 Sir Robert Southwell and his wife conveyed to Henry
Lechford, the manors of Charlwood, Shellwood and Wykelond, Surrey with the
bondmen and their families. In
1755 Shellwood, in the Reigate Hundred of Surrey, was sold to an
unidentified John Winter. A
descendant Sir Robert Southwell (d. 17-- aged 60) was knighted and sent as
Envoy Extraordinary to Portugal in 1665, to Brussels in 1671 and to
Brandenburg in April 1680. He
became Clerk to the Privy Council, was elected President of the Royal
Society 5 times where he read a paper on "Water"
and was Secretary of State to William III in Ireland in 1690. In
1678 Sir Robert Southwell wrote to the duke of Ormonde about Edward
Coleman: "By
your advice I broke off my acquaintance with him as soon as ever it begun
and upon the first receiving of his newsletter, which, when I showed your
Grace some daring particulars in it, you advised me (considering the
station I was in) to knock off, for that he was a man who would certainly
run himself into the briars." He
also wrote about the Titus Oates Plot: "A
thing (which) could never arise out of the industry or evidence of one
single man, and especially a man under the disadvantage of many known
failures in his life and conversation, if it were not for other
considerations; the first of which I take to be the manifest indulgence
which for many years has been extended to the(se) people and wherein some
of them have so imprudently triumphed that it became the grief and scandal
of many and turned itself into so much combustible matter against the day
of wrath". He
wrote of Oates's testimony at Coleman's trial where he was
Clerk-in-Waiting: "It
went on for 2 or 3 hours very doubtful to his credit, though the Board, in
a question of the King's safety, and to see his prodigious memory,
confidence and unexpected answers at several turns, were in great pain and
surprise. At last thinking to
confuse him by the said five letters, which contained such palpable
matters of forgery as well from the treason so grossly disguised in them
as from the handwriting all appearing to be counterfeit, I was commanded
here in their Lordships' view to show him those letters one by one, to see
if he knew the hands. Which I did as much to his disadvantage as I could by folding
and exposing only a line or two of each; but he at a glance could name all
the hands." He
remarked "What
should herein be omitted at the Council Board, will infallibly be taken up
at the House of Commons."
He had to buy an iron chest weighing 356 lbs. to
hold all the documents in the trial. Following
the murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, many MPs were doubtful of
protecting Protestantism in future if the succession to the throne could
not be altered. The Commons
wanted to mobilise and a Test Bill passed which required Catholics in
public service to take the Oath of Allegiance.
The Speaker Edward Seymour proposed that each MP make a list of
recusants or suspected recusants in their constituencies who would be
declared Catholics by Act of Parliament and if they refused to take the
oath, four fifths of their property would be forfeit.
The proposals were accepted and it was ordered that bills be
drafted. Southwell
commented: "There
was at first some despair thrown out of ever being able to patch up
things, without all were sound at the bottom: but what Mr Seymour said
seemed to surprise many with the hopes of obtaining things of considerable
magnitude." During
Coleman's trial Oates appealed to Sir Robert Southwell who was forced to
support his testimony. Oates
even tried to implicate the Catholic queen Catherine of Bragança. Sir Robert commented: "How
to prevent these reflections (on the Queen) without taking a course which
might blast their evidence and consequently save the Lords in the Tower is
the great point under consideration and his Majesty seems extremely
concerned herein." The
Southwells had a house at St. Martins-in-the-Fields and another at King's
Weston, Gloucestershire (which had belonged to the Winters), 7 miles from
Dyrham owned by the heirs of George Winter, Clerk of the Queen's Ships
(Sir William Winter's brother). When
William Blathwayt was staying at King's Weston at Christmas, he met the
Dyrham heiress Mary Winter, whom he married. The
Southwells were connected to the Throckmortons by marriages with the
Nevilles: Fig
113
- Southwell, Neville, Throckmorton George
Neville (dc. 1452), 4th Baron Bergavenny = (1) Margaret (d. 1485), d.
& heiress of Sir Hugh Fenne, Treasurer of the Household to Henry VII =
(2) Elizabeth, widow of Sir Robert Bassett, Richard Naylor & John
Stokker >: A.
Thomas Neville (d. 1542 bur. Mereworth, Kent), Privy Councillor to Henry
VIII & Secretary of State > Margaret Neville = Sir Robert
Southwell, Master of
the Rolls of Jote Place, Mereworth & West Peckham. B.
Edward Neville (executed 1538 for supporting Reginald Pole, dean of
Exeter) = Eleanor, d. of Andrew Windsor, baron Windsor, widow of
Ralph
Scrope, baron Scrope of Upsall >:
a. Catherine Neville = Clement
Throckmorton of Hasley, Warks.
b. Frances Neville = (1)
Sir Edward Waldegrave = (2) Lord Chedioc Paulet,
3rd son of the Marquess of Winchester
c. Elizabeth
Neville = Thomas Hayes.
d. Mary Neville = Edward
Dynely. Clement
Throckmorton and Henry Dingley are mentioned in the Will of Thomas Winter,
barber of Evesham. William
Blathwayt (who married Mary Winter, sole heiress of Dyrham) met Sir Robert
Southwell through Blathwayt's uncle, Justinian Povey and Williamson in
1686 when Blathwayt was ill and resting at King's Weston. Sir Robert Southwell was cousin of Blathwayt's friend
Sir William Petty. Sir
Robert Southwell had a house at Spring Gardens near Charing Cross and St.
Martin's-in-the-Field (where Blathwayt lived). Between
1710 and 1713 some unidentified Winters held land at St.
Martins-in-the-Fields: Winter
and Scisson near Spring Gardens, St. Martins-in-the-Fields
[Middlesex Land Registry, Middlesex Memorial
Book 1, No. 10] (Thomas)
Winter and (Mary) Sandys, Newport Street, St. Martins Lane, St.
Martins-in-the-Fields
[No. 76 Book I in 1712]. Fitzgerald
and Winter, Blew Mews St. Martins Street, St. Martins-in-the-Fields
[Book 5, No., 35 in 1712]. Winter
and Pepys, St. Martins Street, St. Martins-in-the-Fields [Book
5 No. 55- 1713]. The church of St. Martins-in-the-Field was the admiralty church which flew the White ensign, flag of the White Squadron of which Sir William Winter was Admiral of the White. |