Stone

This page tells the story of two generations of Maryland Stones: William Stone and his daughter Mary Burrows (Stone) Holliday and their immediate families. I am hopeful that readers may be able to provide more information about them. If you have documentation, I would be very grateful if you would e mail me at kwg at po.cwru.edu, substituting the familiar @ for "at".
Our William Stone is apparently no relation to Governor William Stone who figured so prominently in the history of Maryland in the 1650s. Franklin D. Edmunds assumed that the parents of William were John Stone and his wife Martha Burrows, because of the middle names chosen for William's daughters, and that John was the son of Freeman Stone.[1] I have not yet found corroborating evidence for this.
According to a will written by our William on 12 June 1775 while at sea, he was born in Bermuda about 1739. At he was not married his will listed a number of relatives which ought to help us find his parents. According to the will, these are the children of William's parents (may be incomplete, order uncertain):[2]
William Stone1, was born in Bermuda in 1739. He died in September 1821 in Baltimore County, Maryland. In April 1778 William married the widow Hannah (OWINGS) Cockey.
In the will he wrote at sea in 1775, William listed his siblings, as mentioned above. He also named a niece Ann HUBBARD and her children; a cousin or nephew Jonathan BURCH and his wife Catherine and (presumably their children): Edwin Stone Burch, David Burch, and Catherine Burch; cousin Susannah TODD and her children; niece Ann HARRIOTT; cousins Mary RICHARDSON, Ann OUTERBRIDGE, and Jane PERRY; cousin Sarah PENISTON and her children; his cousin Stafford SOMERSTALL's children; an aunt Powell HARRIS; cousin Elizabeth DOE's children; and nephew Samuel STONE.[3] I have not yet had an opportunity to research these individuals to see if they can offer clues as to our Wiliam's birth family.
Sometime in 1774 or 1775 Captain William Stone had his portrait painted by Charles Willson PEALE. There was a tenuous family connection between the young painter and his subject. In 1762 Peale married Rachel BREWER, the daughter of Eleanor (MACCUBIN) Brewer, who was born in 1708. Rachel's father John was the grandson of John Brewer whose mother was Elizabeth, widow of a WARFIELD.[4] Anyway, the painting shows William Stone standing beside a classical urn on a pedestal (on his right) under a leafy tree, pointing with his right hand to the sea (on his left) with a sloop. In his left hand he carries what appears to be a spyglass. At his feet is a sextant on his upturned tricorn with his gloves. The painting is now in the collection of the Maryland Historical Society.[5] In the tradition of portraiture, the items grouped around the main figure have symbolic significance. The urn alludes to classical ideals, most notably republicanism (as opposed to monarchy). The sextant, spyglass, and distant ship indicate his occupation as sea captain, shipowner, and merchant.
In 1775 William Stone owned a merchant sloop, the Hornet, armed with ten 9-pound guns. As passions arose between the colonists and the English government, delegates were elected and sent to a Continental Congress in Philadelphia. About the first of November 1775 John ADAMS wrote to Samuel CHASE in Baltimore about the possibility of buying some vessels there. Apparently in 1775 the merchants of Baltimore acquired the Hornet. The participation of Capt. William Stone of the sloop Hornet in the Revolutionary War is somewhat ambiguous. It appears that at first he captained the Hornet while she was under commission, but then on 27 August 1776 the Marine Committee of the Continental Congress wrote to William Stone offering to purchase the sloop, which he obviously was not captaining at the time. At least by December 1776 John NICHOLSON was Captain of the Hornet.[6]
To backtrack a bit, in December 1775 the Naval Committee of the Continental Congress was preparing a fleet. The Pennsylvania Committee of Public Safety contributed arms, ammunition, and sailors. Commodore Esek HOPKINS enlisted over a hundred seamen in Rhode Island. On 3 December 1775 John Paul JONES hoisted the Continental flag on the Alfred, Hopkins's flagship, for the first time. By the end of January 1776 the fleet was enlarged to include sloops Providence and Hornet, and schooners Wasp and Fly.[7]
Baltimore had requested that the Hornet and Wasp be assigned to convoy duty for Maryland vessels ready to sail for the West Indies. But instead William Stone received the following letter from the naval Committee of Congress:[8]
Sir
Philadelphia 10th January 1776We are orderd by Congress to signify to you, that you are with the Hornet & Wasp under your Command to take under your Convoy such Vessels as are ready for the Sea as shall be committed to your Care by the Comee. of Safety at Maryland, & see them safe through the Capes of Virginia & without a Moments Loss of Time after this Service is done you are to go to the Capes of Delaware & proceed upwards till you join the Fleet, or in Case of its having Sailed receive such Orders as may be left for you by Esek Hopkins Esqr. Commander in Chief of the Fleet of the United Colonies-wch. Orders you are to Obey(1).
Stephen Hopkins, Silas Deane, Christr. Gadsden, Joseph Hewes
Note: Tr (RHi). Addressed: "To Willm. Stone Esqr., Commander of the Sloop Hornet In the Service of The United Colonies." Enclosed in Christopher Gadsden to Esek Hopkins, this date.
The Hornet fitted out at Baltimore. However, on 5 January 1776 the Maryland Council sent recent intelligence to Congress on the strength of British naval forces in the Chesapeake and expressed concern for the safety of several vessels. So although the original plan had been to have Stone drop down from Baltimore to harrass Dunmore's forces in Chesapeake Bay and to join Esek Hopkins's fleet when it arrived off Virginia, it is clear that by 10 January Dunmore was no longer the primary objective of the Continental Navy and that the Hornet and Wasp were now expected to participate in operations elsewhere. On 15 February the Hornet and Wasp rendezvoued in the Delaware. Two days later the little fleet cleared the Capes. They then sailed with Hopkins's fleet 18 February 1776. But instead of heading for the Chesapeake, their well-publicized original destination, where a large and well-armed British naval force was waiting them, they headed instead for the West Indies. Outside the Virginia Capes, c ran afoul of the Fly and was unable to accompany the fleet for the amphibious assault on New Providence.[9]
Obviously one could expect some wear and tear on the sloop while it was being thus used. Toward the end of the summer William received the following letter from the Marine Committee of the Congress:[10]
Sir
August 27th 1776The Marine Committee have directed me to inform you that the Hornet Sloop is now returned from her Cruize, during which she has been extreamly leaky as Captain Hallock the Bearer hereof will inform you. The Committee have come to a resolution either to purchase the Sloop or deliver her up to you as they will not any longer hire her, but as the greatest part of the materials she now has on board belong to the Public they wou'd prefer buying her at the valuation to stripping her and when you consider that she will be a mere wreck when so stripped, and that the Hull is old and Schattered I should immagine you wou'd readily see that it is more your Interest to sell than to receive her back in such bad condition, as you will have the hire to this Time in addition to the price. You will upon the whole receive a great sum for her. I am Sir, Your hble servant,
Robert Morris
P.S. If you will not sell pray appoint some person to receive her.
She patrolled in the Delaware Bay for nearly a year, then ran the British blockade to convoy merchantmen to Charleston. Documents of service are incomplete after this time but it appears that the Hornet fell into British hands off the coast of South Carolina in the summer of 1777.[11]
Meanwhile Capt. Stone also owned the brig Friendship, registered in Bermuda, and manned entirely with slaves except for the captain and mate. Stone intended to use her to bring some property from the West Indies and in February 1776 his agent urged Maryland to hire this ship, too. But in January the Friendship had been seized in St. Eustatis by Richard JENINGS for payment of a debt owed him by Stone. Stone complained at length to the Maryland Council of Safety that the seizure was unnecessary as he had plenty of other assets to pay the debt. But the vessel was sold for less than its worth. The situation begs for further information: what was going on: personal animosity? greed? politics? The case dragged on until 1783, when it disappeared from the records after yet another postponement.[12]
There is an intriguing document regarding Stone's participation in the American Revolution. On 2 November 1780 the Board of Admiralty reported to the Continental Congress on the engagement of pilots. "By virtue of resolution of Aug. 25, Board engaged William Stone and find no money available for payment of wages due. Report read Nov. 3 and ordered that warrant for 4,000 dollars issued to Board for payment of Stone and that he be then discharged." I do not know whether this was our William Stone. Clearly the intent was to pay him with highly inflated paper continental currency.[13]
In 1776 William purchased land in Maryland: 63 acre "Streight", 102 acres of "New Tavern", and a tract named "Wilmott's Chance".[14] He apparently already owned considerable property in St. Eustasia and St. Kitts, as well, perhaps, as Bermuda.
William was nearly forty years old when he married in Baltimore County sometime between 17 and 21 April 1778 Hannah (OWINGS) Cockey.[15] She was twenty seven, born 27 January 1750, the daughter of Samuel and Urath (Randall) OWINGS. Hannah was the widow of William COCKEY, Jr., who had died in 1775.
Occasionally we can get small glimpses of our ancestors through newspapers. One such little snapshot dates from 1779 when William happened to find a sorrel mare. In his advertisement for her owner, he listed his residence as near the Garrison Church.[16]
More information can be found in tax lists for Middle River and Back River Upper Hundreds, Baltimore County. The 1783 list showed William had a household of six taxable people, and he owned 340 acres of "Hellmore".[17]
William was a merchant, whose vessels traded between the Chesapeake and Caribbean. He also traded with South Carolina, as evidenced by accounts for William Stone (I am assuming it is our man) from 1788 to 1794 in an account book of the Georgetown district. He probably traded for indigo and rice.[18]
William Stone was enumerated as head of his household in Baltimore town in the first United States census of 1790. There were five free white men over the age of sixteen, three under sixteen (presumably his sons Samuel, William, and John), four free white women (his wife Hannah, and daughters Martha and Mary, plus someone else), and six slaves. The extra woman would not have been his mother-in-law who, as a widow, was enumerated as the head of her own household.[19]
In March 1796 William bought part of "Urath's Fancy" and "Severn" in Back River Upper Hundred from Bale OWINGS, son of Christopher (Hannah's brother). William Stone was listed in the 1798 tax assessment for Back River Upper Hundred as the owner of 117 acre "Friendship", and 170 acre "Remtha [sic] Fancy" and "Severa" [sic]. They had no buildings on them. Presumably Stone and his family resided on 198 acres which was part of "Hellermore". It had an old one-story frame dwelling house measuring 16 by 45 feet, a log house that was 16 by 28 feet, and four old houses that were so derelict they were not given any further description. Stone did not own any slaves in 1798, at least not in this county. He also owned 286 acres of "Jones' Prevention" (or "Presentation") and 126 acres of "New Tavern" in Soldiers' Delight Hundred.[20]
There was a William Stone who was a vestryman from 1800 to 1803 in St. Thomas Parish. Then he was reported dead in 1804.[21] Since our William's will of 1819, probated in 1821, seems clearly identified to our man, presumably the vestryman was someone else, or there is an error somewhere. Our Stone family were at least nominal members of St. thomas, in that their eldest daughter, Martha Burrows Stone was married there in 1804 by the Rev. Mr. Coleman.[22]
The census for 1800 for Baltimore County outside of the city was destroyed in a fire. A man named William Stone appears in the 1810 census for the City and County of Baltimore as the one free white male in his household between the ages of 26 and 45. The problem is our man should have been in the "45 and over" category. There was one boy and two girls under the age of 10, and one woman aged 26 to 45.[23] This doesn't sound like our family.
William appeared in the newspaper in 1815, advertising the sale of his dwelling plantation with its improvements, eighteen miles from Baltimore and one and a half miles from Reisterstown. It contained seven and a half acres, with a stone dwelling house, a grist mill 32' by 40', three storeys high, with a saw mill attached to it, and "a fine apple orchard".[24] I have not researched the land records to see if the property found a buyer.
Hannah died 15 June 1817 in Baltimore County.
To underscore the frustration and questions around the pre-1850 USA censuses, in the 1820 census there were three households headed by a man named William Stone. Choosing the only household with a man over 45, leaves us puzzling over two free white men over the age of 45 (William's unmarried son Samuel was only 39), one girl under 10 and a woman over 45 (Hannah had died three years earlier). The rest of the household consisted of six male and 19 female slaves. Ten people were employed in commerce (perhaps in the grist and saw mills).[25] This does not compute very well, either, since William had offered the place for sale five years earlier. Clearly, more research is needed.
William wrote his will 3 December 1819. He died 11 or 15 September 1821, and the will was probated 27 October. In it he stated that he was formerly of the Island of Bermuda. He mentioned his children Martha Burrows STUMP, Samuel and John Stone; his grandchildren John Robert HOLLIDAY, Jr., William Stone Holliday, William Henry Stump, Samuel Stump, Jr., Mary Stump, Eleanor A. S. Holliday, Hannah Stump, and Martha Stump. His son Samuel was named executor. The will was witnessed by Richard OWINGS, Henry RITTER and Cornelius HOWARD.[26]
Children of William and Hannah (Owings) Cockey Stone:[27]
Mary Burrows Stone2, the daughter of William and Hannah, was born in 1783 and died in about 1817. When she was nineteen she married John Robert Holliday. They got a marriage license in Baltimore County on 17 February 1802.[31]
John and Mary removed to Louisiana, although it is not clear just when. By the 1820s they resided at their plantation, named "Belle Grove", on the Mississippi River. An 1837 sketch shows the house in French colonial style with a hip roof with dormers, the whole building surrounded with colonaded porches on two floors. The parlor and bedrooms were on the upper floor where floor-length French windows admitted River breezes. The dining room was on the ground floor. The house was swept away by the Mississippi River many years ago.[32]
Mary died 23 September 1818 in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. John married for a second time 21 April 1821 Maria (JONES) Davis, widow of William DAVIS, Esq., late of Felicianna Parish. They had one child.
John died 21 August 1826 at "Belle Grove".
Children of Mary Burrows (Stone) and her husband John Robert Holliday:[33]
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