DOBBER
NEIGHBORHOODS
|
Story ran : 10/17/2002 Kinston Free Press and used with their permission Kinston's sugar' is still on the hill' By Jason Spencer Staff Writer Elizabeth Sessoms was born and raised in Kinston. Growing up here in the years preceding the Great Depression, her father worked at a barber shop on Gordon Street, between McLewean and Queen. The barbers there were black. All the clients, white. After working there several years, the shop owner died and Sessoms' father assumed ownership. He would bank at an all-black bank, which, heading south, was just past the Lenoir County Courthouse on the edge of an area that - for better or worse - over the years became known as Sugar Hill. "As little children, we knew not to ever be seen in Sugar Hill," Sessoms said. "If we were riding through in a car, and the car stopped, we didn't get out. There were undesirables there, but there were some nice people, too." Sugar Hill didn't have any set boundaries. Shine Street, from its intersection at Queen west until it ended, was the heart of Sugar Hill. The vicinity, though stretched almost to the courthouse and to businesses along South Herritage Street. "When we said Sugar Hill,' you thought of Queen Street. That was Sugar Hill. That's where all of the black businesses were," Sessoms said in a modest, but very passionate voice. "There were always shady characters doing something on the side. They would play numbers (gamble). They were very, very industrious," she said. "Whenever the police came, they would always take someone downtown and lock them up. It wouldn't matter if it was the right person or not. It was a time. "There was one policeman (called) Big Red - everyone was afraid of him," she said. "He had red hair and rode a motorcycle. When Big Red came around, everyone would duck their heads out and then duck back in." In the early 1900s, Sugar Hill was known for miles around as a sort of little New Orleans, local historian Ted Sampley said. Gambling, prostitution, and illegal liquor houses were commonplace. Despite whatever images or memories Sugar Hill conjures up, though, it's hard to ignore the fact that Kinston's infamous neighborhood brought lots of business to town. "It was negative in the sense of its morals, but positive in the sense a lot of people fed their families on the dollars they made there," Sampley said. "All the shops up and down Queen Street benefited from Sugar Hill," he said. "When folks ventured (there), they would spend some time shopping." Today, a group of South Queen Street businesses hope they can revive the favorable aspect of Sugar Hill. The group has organized and taken the name Sugar Hill Merchants' Association. Working with the Pride of Kinston, a downtown revitalization group, banners for five specific neighborhoods will be hung along downtown streets. Sugar Hill banners will begin just south of the Queen and King street intersection. "The first step in getting something done is to do it yourself. Form a group, and then help will come," said Debbie Beech Burrell, a member of the merchants' association and chairman of Pride's design committee, which must approve the neighborhood banners. Thomas Anderson, owner of Lane's Funeral Home, is the association's president. The funeral home building is the last standing madame's house in Kinston, Sampley said. Legend has it that a group of prostitutes traveling with a Union general and his band of soldiers during the 1860s were left behind in Kinston as the Union pressed its attack on Goldsboro. The women were ostracized by the town, and confined to a hill near the intersection of Shine and Herritage streets where so-called honey pots - containing human waste - were dumped. In the 1920s, Kinston Mayor Mills Happer campaigned on the promise to rid the town of the "vice district," or "segregated district" - called such by the type of business it promoted, not due to race, Sampley said. The action then moved across the river - outside the city limits, where the Neuse Planetarium and Health and Science Museum now sits. It became known as Happersville. Happer was not elected for a second term. Sugar Hill was revived not long afterward. "It became a lure to Kinston to tobacco farmers," Sampley said. "They would get their checks, and then go to the liquor or gambling houses. Kinston's economy became dependent on it." Over time, soldiers from area military bases began to come to Sugar Hill in herds until the U.S. Marines banned Kinston after World War II due to too many cases of venereal disease. Other military groups followed soon thereafter. "There was a hotel there for blacks (Dunn's Hotel, on Shine Street). They tried to keep it as nice as they could," Sessoms said. "But when the Marines came to town, and had their drinks ... somebody would step on somebody else's foot. Then, the fighting started - and here comes Big Red! Somebody's going to jail!" "It's negative I know," Burrell said. "But it's our history, and it was there." Burrell is also a driving force behind the Cultural Herritage Museum - the black bank in which Sessoms' father had an account. Museum renovations are slated to be finished in time for an opening in conjunction with the town's Salute festival in November. Ideally, downtown banners will blend together through the various neighborhoods. The area around the courthouse and Harmony Hall will feature banners that read "County Seat." Blending into the original Sugar Hill was an area called Golden Progress, which was just south of Harmony Hall, between Queen and McLewean streets. "Back in the good old days, most of your black-owned businesses were in this area," said Willie Williams, owner of Eagle Taxi. "Hopefully we can beautify and rejuvenate this area." Burrell's father owned a soda shop in what was - and will again be - known as Sugar Hill. All-black taxi companies, law firms and even a theater were there, too. "Pulley's Barbecue used to be on South Herritage Street. That was the best barbecue you've ever had," Sessoms said. "[Today], it's all the same streets and the same sidewalks as there was then. A lot has been torn down, and not much rebuilding has been done." All businesses with a South Queen Street address - that is, from Caswell Street and beyond - are welcome to join the Sugar Hill Merchants' Association. The association's itinerary includes beautification, economic development and reducing crime, Burrell said. "When you got to Caswell Street, you knew you were close to Sugar Hill. You may not be in it yet," Sessoms said. "I can't set any demarcation - I can't say. This is the point where it started.' Some people said it was a block up, or a block down, and I would agree with them, too." Jason Spencer can be reached at 527-3191, Ext. 237 or Jason_Spencer@link.freedom.com.
|