Y-DNA (37 markers) database including Rurikid princes and those males who are also suspecting their descent from Rurik (the 1^st Russian prince, 9^th century). Contains currently the following surnames : Gagarin, Gorchakov, Kosonen, Lobanov-Rostovsky, Mozarowski (and variants), Mozhaysky, Niewmierzycki (and variants), Obolensky, Ossowiecki, Poscharsky, Puzyna, Rostowsky, Rzhevsky, Shahovskoi, Solomin, Szuyski, Tolloczko and Volkonsky. However, in spite of their “princely” surnames, only a couple of them were found to be genetic descendants of Rurik. Besides, it was discovered that the Volkonsky/Obolensky branch is of Slavic descent (genetic haplogroup R1a1), and most probably the princes in this branch are not descended from Rurik. By all means it seems that Rurik was a historical person who was born on the Roslagen seashore (slightly north of Stockholm, Sweden). However, he was of the Finno-Ugrian descent (haplogroup N1c1 (earlier described as N3a) -  although, theoretically, this could have been the Obolensky branch which might be descended from Rurik). The prince Piotr Szuyski is also of Slavic descent (R1a1). It seems that this was the prince St. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (b. 1191), who wasn’t genetic son of the prince Vsevolod Yurievich “Bolshoe Gnezdo” (The Big Nest).

 

Since the two branches, i.e. the Chernigov-Kievan (Volkonsky, Obolensky) and the Muscovite (Szuysky) are somehow related by blood, it seems that two different members of the same ruling dynasty broke these lines. Myself, I think that the Chernigov branch was broken by the king Boleslaw II Smialy (either in the year 1069 or in the years 1077/78), while the Muscovite branch was broken by Mikolaj Lis, the voievod in Krakow (Cracow), the then capital of Poland. Lis left Ukraine in may 1190. 9 months later St. Jaroslav Vsevolodovich was born. According to some Polish genealogists the Lis clan might be originated from the Polish ruling Piast dynasty.

 

Results for people whose surnames are marked with green background were provided by Nikita Maximov, the Scientific Editor of the Russian Newsweek Magazine. They are not to be taken away from here unless a written permission from him will be obtained (nmaximov@gmail.com) .

 

Other results are freely available to anyone who wishes to use them for comparative and non-commercial purposes. However, neither test result can be taken away from here by a male (nor by his closest relative) who made his own Y-DNA test, but himself doesn’t wish to inform the public of his result.

 

This database can be useful to many males. By using this in a simple way they can check whether they have (or haven’t) descended from Rurik. It was also believed that the Gediminid princes were descended from Rurik on the Polotsk branch. However, the preliminary results do suggest that this is not really so, although Gedimin originated from Baltic Ugro-Finns. Its another idea would be to create the so-called modal Y-DNA pattern for Rurik, as well as for Gedimin. However, this can be possible later, when some more test results will become available. Nevertheless, the preliminary modal haplotypes for Rurik and Gedimin have been created.

 

 (The webmaster’s (Andrzej Bajor) test results were provided for the reference purposes, as a non-Rurikid descendant).

 

This database includes also a group of “Slavs” (haplogroup R1a1). They are compared with Adam Mozarowski who was believed to be descended from Rurik on the Muscovite branch. However, he isn’t. Most probably his great grandfather Antoni was an adopted son of Pawel, his great great grandfather. Vitaly Mozharowski (N3a1) is descended from one of Rurik’s cousins. This means that ancestor of the Mozarowski family came with Rurik to Staraya Ladoga in the year 862 A.D.

 

The tests were performed with the Family Tree DNA Co. http://www.familytreedna.com/ in the group program “Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project”. 37 characteristic markers are displayed in columns 1 to 37, respectively. The larger is the number of matching markers, the closer is kinship of the two males. If the markers are not perfectly matching, just for the sake of readability they have been displayed with different colours in reference to the modal Rurik (green field), the modal Gedimin (also the green field), the (possibly) Gediminid prince Bogdan Korybut-Woroniecki (violet field), the (possibly) Gediminid prince Tonu Trubetsky (pink field), and Adam Mozarowski (yellow field). Their marker values are shown with light yellow background. The more the background is becoming orange and red, the larger is positive genetic distance, while the more the background is becoming green and blue, the larger is negative genetic distance in each of the markers, respectively. This is shown in the label below. However, the (total) genetic distance from either the modal Rurik or Gedimin, or Bogdan Korybut-Woroniecki, or Tonu Trubetsky, or Adam Mozarowski, respectively, in all compared markers should not exceed a couple of units. If this is really so, it means that another tested male is their (distant) cousin, and this is indicated below by either green (compared with modal Rurik or modal Gedimin, respectively), violet (compared with Bogdan Korybut-Woroniecki), pink (compared with Tonu Trubetsky),  or yellow background (compared with Adam Mozarowski) in the column opposite to their surnames.

 

Mutation rates in markers marked with pink background are larger (0.003 to 0.005), and those marked with violet background are extremely large (above 0.005) compared with an average mutation rate (which is something like 0.0024). However, in the so-called genetic calculator one can also use different mutation rates in each of the marker panels. Estimated more precisely by the FTDNA Co., the average mutation rates are as follows : 0.00399 (markers 1 – 12), 0.00481 (markers 13 – 25), and 0.00748 (markers 26 - 37), respectively (http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html#MutationRate) . And this is also a clear evidence for this that the markers 26 – 37 are most important in genetic genealogy. When comparing the markers 1 –25 one can only SUSPECT that the two tested males might be related by blood if their markers are matching. By ALL MEANS one needs to check the markers 26 – 37, and especially the fast mutating markers like CDYa, CDYb and DYS 570, to be absolutely CERTAIN that, IN FACT, he IS related by blood with another man. A lot of Y-DNA test results do appear on the Y-search.org database (http://www.ysearch.org/) when the two males are e.g. perfectly matching on their first 12 markers; a certain mismatch, however, small, can appear on the 2^nd panel (markers 13 - 25); while a considerable mismatch on the 3^rd panel (markers 26 – 37) is a clear evidence for this that they have not been related by blood at all (in historical times – 50-60 generations ago).

 

Thanks to this project I can verify real mutation rates, and these have been displayed below. The rates are calculated per the entire 37 markers haplotypes and per century. The time that passed by is a difference between the year in which the Y-DNA tests were performed, and the year when the common male ancestor (CMA) was born.

 

Surname and given name	Surname and given name	Haplogroup	Common male ancestor (CMA)	Year born	Centuries to the CMA	Genetic Distance		Mutation rate per 37 markers haplotype and per century**
		(in blue SNP test)				FTDNA standard*	Webmaster’s standard*	FTDNA standard*	Webmaster’s standard*
Belikov1 (Belevsky)	Rzhevsky Nikolai	N1c1	Yaroslav The Wise	978	10.30	12	9	1.1650	0.8738
Gagarin G.G.	Rzhevsky Nikolai	N1c1	Vladimir Monomakh	1053	9.55	3@	3@	0.4649@	0.4649@
Gagarin A.P.	Rzhevsky Nikolai	N1c1	Vladimir Monomakh	1053	9.55	4	4	0.4188	0.4188
Khovanskii Askold	Chartorisky Alex	N1c1	Gedimin	Ab. 1270	7.38	4	4	0.5420	0.5420
TAWAST	CLAN	(***; 4)	AVERAGE					0.4645	0.3787
Tawast Hannu	Stjerna Antti	N1c1	Tawast Henrik	Ab. 1500	5.08	4	3	0.7874	0.5906
Tawast Hannu	Tawast Veikko	N1c1	Tawast Christoffer	Ab. 1660	3.47	2@@	2@@	0.5764@@	0.5764@@
Tawast Hannu	Tawast J.	N1c1	Tawast Christoffer	Ab. 1660	3.47	3	3	0.8646	0.8646
Tawast Hannu	Tawast T.	N1c1	Tawast Alexander	1802	2.07	1@@	1@@	0.4831@@	0.4831@@
Tawast Hannu	Bergh P.	N1c1	Tawast Johan	Ab. 1590	4.17	2	2	0.4796	0.4796
Stjerna Antti	Tawast Veikko	N1c1	Tawast Henrik	Ab. 1500	5.08	2	1	0.3937	0.1969
Stjerna Antti	Tawast J.	N1c1	Tawast Henrik	Ab. 1500	5.08	3	2	0.5906	0.3937
Stjerna Antti	Tawast T.	N1c1	Tawast Henrik	Ab. 1500	5.08	3	2	0.5906	0.3937
Stjerna Antti	Bergh P.	N1c1	Tawast Henrik	Ab. 1500	5.08	2	1	0.3937	0.1969
Tawast Veikko	Tawast J.	N1c1	Tawast Frederik	1758	2.50	1	1	0.4000	0.4000
Tawast Veikko	Tawast T.	N1c1	Tawast Christoffer	Ab. 1660	3.47	1	1	0.2882	0.2882
Tawast Veikko.	Bergh P.	N1c1	Tawast Johan	Ab. 1590	4.17	0	0	0	0
Tawast T.	Tawast J.	N1c1	Tawast Christoffer	Ab. 1660	3.47	2	2	0.5764	0.5764
Tawast T.	Bergh P.	N1c1	Tawast Henrik	Ab. 1500	5.08	1	1	0.1969	0.1969
Tawast J.	Bergh P.	N1c1	Tawast Henrik	Ab. 1500	5.08	1	1	0.1969	0.1969
Vines Fred	Vines Ron	N1c1	Vines John	Ab. 1660	3.46	2@@	2@@	0.5764@@	0.5764@@
Vines Fred	Vines Paul B.	N1c1	Vines Edward	1725	2.81	1@	1@	0.5267@	0.5267@
Kosonen Roy	Kosonen Eino	N1c1	Kosoin Petteri	1713	2.94	1	1	0.3436	0.3436
Fletcher Brien	Fletcher Richard	N1c1	Fletcher John S.	1829	1.79	3	2	1.6760	1.1173
Lapinski “Wzorek”	Lapinski „Bodaj”	R1a12	Lapinski Jakub	Ab. 1510	4.98	4	4	0.8032	0.8032
Lapinski „Kus”	Lapinski „Bodaj”	R1a1	Lapinski Wit	Ab. 1450	5.58	5	5	0.8961	0.8961
Lapinski „Rosman”	Lapinski „Bodaj”	R1a1	Lapinski „Lapa”	Ab. 1420	5.88	4	4	0.6803	0.6803
Lapinski „Wzorek”	Lapinski „Kus”	R1a1	Lapinski Wit	Ab. 1450	5.58	5	5	0.8961	0.8961
Lapinski „Rosman”	Lapinski „Kus”	R1a1	Lapinski „Lapa”	Ab. 1420	5.88	3	3	0.5102	0.5102
Lapinski „Rosman”	Lapinski „Wzorek“	R1a1	Lapinski „Lapa”	Ab. 1420	5.88	6	6	1.0204	1.0204
Kossacki- Lytwyn Lukasz	Kossacki- Lytwyn Jacek	R1a1		1900	1.08	2	2	1.8519	1.8519
Plewako Stanislaw J.	Plewako Stanislaw G.	I2a3	Plewako Kazimierz	1822	1.87	1	1	0.5348@@	0.5348@@

·       ^* In almost 100 % of all cases, unexpectedly, some of the markers AMONG THE FINNs (N1c1) seem to be MUTATING SIMULTANEOUSLY (or very shortly one after another). This observation is valid in the case of the following pairs of markers : DYS 459 a and DYS 459 b, DYS 464 a and DYS 464 b, DYS 464 c and DYS 464 d, as well as CDY a and CDY b. The FTDNA Co. is not taking this phenomenon into account at all. For example, if two males are having 37 37 and 34 34 in CDY a and CDY b, respectively, the FTDNA Co. counts the genetic distance (GD) to be 3x2=6 in the both markers. I will try to reconsider this problem, and in the right column the GD = 3 in such case will be counted. The future will show which method is correct.

·       ^** To compare these figures with those mentioned above, one needs to divide them by 37x4 (4 generations per century), i.e. by 148.

·       ^@25 markers, i.e. only markers 1-25 are compared. However, in this case the result of simple division is multiplied by 37/25 to arrive at figures adequate for 37 markers tests.

·       ^@@The same result has been obtained for the 67 markers haplotype.

·       ^*** Average mutation rate is calculated only for those clans which can deliver at least 10 documented results. This average is calculated in the following way : 20 % of minimal, as well as 20 % of maximal results, are being discarded; the average is being calculated from the remaining 60 % of all the results among the clan.

·       ¹ Mr. Belikov’s family was living in Belarus (earlier in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania). Mr. Belikov by all means is a genetic Rurikid. It’s almost certain that his family originated from the Belevsky princes. Two Belevskys in 15^th century settled themselves in the Gr. Duchy of Lithuania.

·       ² By courtesy of Lukasz Lubicz-Lapinski and his Lapinski Clan Y-DNA project (lapinski_szla@wp.pl; http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Lapinski)

·       ³ By courtesy of Stanislaw J. Plewako (http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Plewako/default.aspx?section=yresults)

·       ⁴ By courtesy of Hannu Tawast (hannu.tawast@pp.inet.fi)

 

 

 

Genetic distance	-6	-5	-4	-3	-2	-1	0 (Perfect match)	+1	+2	+3	+4	+5	+6
Background

 

 

 

	Column Raw					1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	Markers non matching either those of the mo- dal Rurikid  (green) or	Remarks	TMRCA  3/   and/or additional remarks
Surname and (the 1st) given name   (FINNISH MONOMAKH BRANCH)	Number displayed here with coloured background indicates a kinship	Father’s given name	Date of birth	Place of birth	Haplo- group (in blue determi- ned by SNP test)	D Y S 3 9 3	D Y S 3 9 0	D Y S 19/ 3 9 4	D Y S 3 9 1	D Y S 3 8 5 a	D Y S 3 8 5 b	D Y S 4 2 6	D Y S 3 8 8	D Y S 4 3 9	D Y S 3 8 9 _1	D Y S 3 9 2	D Y S 3 8 9 _2	D Y S 4 5 8	D Y S 4 5 9 a	D Y S 4 5 9 b	D Y S 4 5 5	D Y S 4 5 4	D Y S 4 4 7	D Y S 4 3 7	D Y S 4 4 8	D Y S 4 4 9	D Y S 4 6 4 a	D Y S 4 6 4 b	D Y S 4 6 4 c	D Y S 4 6 4 d	D Y S 4 6 0	G A T A H 4	Y C A II a	Y C A II b	D Y S 4 5 6	D Y S 6 0 7	D Y S 5 7 6	D Y S 5 7 0	C D Y a	C D Y b	D Y S 4 4 2	D Y S 4 3 8	Woroniecki (violet) or Trubetsky (pink) or Mozarowski (yellow field), respectively
	Modal Haplotype N2-A1	Pink background in this		Pink background in this	(^)	13	23	14	10	12	13			10	13	14	30							14																		10
	Modal Haplotype N2-A2	column indicates a person		column indicates a person	(^)	13	23	15	11	12	13			11	13	14	30							14																		11
	Modal Haplotype N3a (N1c1)	whose princely descent is		whose princely descent is	(^)	14	23	14	11	11	13			10	14	14	30							14																		10
	Modal Haplotype N3a2	proved with documents		confirmed by family tradition	(^)	14	23	14	10	11	13			10	14	14	30							14																		10
Rurik the 1st Russian Prince (**)	Modal Haplotype	Unknown   (**)	Ca. 820	Uppland Province Sweden	(N1c1)   (**)	14	23	14	11	11	13	11	12	10	14	14	30	18	9	9	11	12	25	14	19	29	14	14	15	15	11	11	18	20	14	15	16	19	35	35	14	10
Rzhevsky Nikolai	1 Rurikid Smolensk branch	(+)			N1c1	14	23	14	11	11	13	11	12	10	14	14	31	18	9	9	10	12	25	14	19	29	14	14	15	15	12	11	18	20	14	15	16	19	34	34	14	10	5 (genetic distance = 4)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Shahovskoi Dmitri	2 Rurikid Yaroslavl branch	Mikhail	1934	France	N1c1	14	23	14	11	11	13			10	14	14	31							14																		10	1 (genetic distance = 1)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Gagarin Grigori	3 Rurikid Starodub branch	Grigori			N1c1	14	23	14	11	11	13	11	12	10	14	14	30	18	9	9	11	12	25	14	19	29	14	14	15	15													0 (genetic distance = 0)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Gagarin Andrei	3a Rurikid Starodub branch	Petr	1935		N1c1	14	23	14	11	11	13	11	12	10	14	14	30	18	9	9	11	12	25	14	19	29	14	15	15	15	12	11	18	20	14	15	16	18	34	34	14	10	5 (genetic distance = 4)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Lobanov- Rostovsky Nikita	4 Rurikid Rostov branch	Dmitry	6 JAN 1935	Sophia   Bulgaria	N1c1	14	23		11	12	13			10	14	14	30							14	19							12			14							10	2 (genetic distance = 2)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Korsstrom Stefan (*)	5 Rurikid Unknown branch	(***)			N1c1	14	23	14	11	11	13	11	12	10	14	14	30	18	9	9	11	12	25	14	19	28	14	14	15	15	10	10	18	20	14	15	16	19	34	34	15	10	6 (genetic distance = 5)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Nagle Gordon C.	5aRurikid Unknown branch				N1c1	14	23	15	11	11	13	11	13	10	14	14	30	18	9	9	11	12	24	15	19	28	14	14	15	15	11	11	19	20	14	15	16	19	34	34	14	10	8 (genetic distance = 7)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Lawrence David	6 Rurikid Unknown branch	(****)		England	N1c1	14	23	14	11	12	14	11	12	10	15	14	31	18	9	9	11	12	25	14	19	28	14	14	15	15	11	11	18	20	14	15	16	19	35	35	14	10	5 (genetic distance = 4)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Roundsley (Piotrowski ?) David (*)	7 Rurikid Unknown branch	(****)			N1c1	14	23	14	11	13	13	11	12	11	14	14	30	18	9	9	11	15	25	14	19	28	14	14	15	15	11	11	19	20	14	15	16	19	35	35	14	10	5 (genetic distance = 6)	Genetically he is an Ugro-Finn
Palomaki Esko (#) (*)	7a Rurikid Unknown branch	(****)			N1c1	14	23	14	11	13