(?) Iron Hawk¹ (M)
(circa 1810-), #177
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     (?) died. (?) was born circa 1810. He was the son of (?) Swift Hawk and Unknown Swift Hawk?.

Last Edited=March 16, 2001

Unknown Swift Hawk? (F)
(circa 1780-), #178

     Unknown died. The nationality of Unknown Swift Hawk? was Arikara. Unknown was born circa 1780. She married (?) Swift Hawk circa 1809. Records state that the bride was an Arikara woman, possibly captured raids on the large Arikara villages. Their known children were Good Crow & Iron Hawk & Standing Elk..¹

Last Edited=December 1, 2002

Pierre Peter Richard (M)
(1820-1864), #179
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     Pierre was born in 1820. He was the son of John Baptiste Richard Sr. and Rosalie Cote. Pierre's occupation: Fur Trader at Rocky Mountain Region after 1836. He married Lucy Makes Slumber on Her Way Back circa 1840. He is a work associate of an unknown person at Fort Bernard (1845 - 1846), Lingle (present-day), Goshen Co., Wyoming, USA, after 1845. 1845     The American Fur Company found Richard less cooperative. Occupying the half-finished log fort, he carried on a brisk winter trade much to the annoyance of Picotte. The Fort Pierre manager declared that Richard and the other Taos peddlers obtained many of the good robes by trading corn for them and recommended that five hundred bushels be sent to Fort John. Richard's partners in the enterprise were his brother Peter, Joseph Bissonette, a Mr. Branham of Kentucky, and one of the Bordeaux. On June 11, 1846, Edwin Bryant met some of Richard's partners near Grand Island, Nebraska, navigating two mackinaw boats loaded with buffalo robes, bound for the nearest port on the Missouri.
     In the spring of 1846, the Indian trade having been completed, Richard and his partners concentrated on the emigrant trade. Here, too, they competed successfully with Fort John using another technique. They simply undersold the powerful rival, at times 30-40%.[Richard charged ten cents less a pound for flour and three and one half cents less a pound of bacon.]

     In late June, 1846 the main party of emigrants swept by Fort Bernard and Fort John, and on July 10, 1846 Richard left his post to make his annual pilgrimage to New Mexico for liquor. Several days before, he met the Crosby-Brown party of Mississippi Mormons who planned to winter on the east side of the mountains. They had come west on the Oregon Trail as far as Ft. Benard without knowing they were ahead of Brigham Young and the main body of saints. Richard recommended Pueblo and became their guide, proving a faithful and able pilot according to Brown.
     On Aug. 20, 1846 Parkman found Richard in Pueblo quartered in the trapper's stockade. Prevented from reaching Taos because of the Mexican War, Richard stayed in Pueblo to await the cessation of hostilities. During his absence, Fort Bernard burned to the ground. The reasons for its destruction are not known, but Richard must have suspected the American Fur Company.
     During the next six years, [1846-1852] Richard continued to trade on a small scale at various sites along the North Platte and the Larimie. By June 1847, opposition to Richard's Fort Benard had been effectively disposed of.
     In 1848, Joseph Robidoux supplied the backing for his trade in buffalo robes, and as in the past, Richard obtained corn from Kansas to supplement regular trade items. In the Spring of 1848, the new Indian Agent for the Upper Platte and Arkansas, confiscated his some kegs of liqueur and dumped it into the Platte. In 1850 he apparently had a trading post at Ash Point about 20 miles below Fort Larimie, but sold his interest to Seth Ward and William Guerrier early in 1851..¹ He resided at Fort Laramie Region, USA, circa 1855. John Richard Jr. and his brother Joseph returned to Cheery Creek later in the year and built a trading house near the stream, becoming the proprietors of one of the first business establishments in what is now the city of Denver..² Pierre died in 1864 at Denver, Arapahoe Co., Colorado, USA. As a result of a drinking bout..

Last Edited=November 25, 2005

Joseph Richard^1,2 (M)
(1823-1864), #180
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     Joseph was born at Fort Laramie Region, USA, in 1823.¹ He was the son of John Baptiste Richard Sr. and Rosalie Cote. Joseph's occupation: Fur Trader at Rocky Mountain Region after 1836.¹ He married (?) Cane Woman circa 1845.¹ He is a work associate of an unknown person at Denver, Arapahoe Co., Colorado, USA, in 1858.      Richard and his brother Joseph returned to Cheery Creek later in the year [Fall of 1858] and built a trading house near the stream, becoming the proprietors of one of the first business establishments in what is now the city of Denver. General William Larimer reported that Richards had a fine stock of Indian goods and a large herd of beautifully marked ponies. By 1860 the brothers had a store and a saloon on Blake Street..¹ Joseph's occupation: at Denver, Arapahoe Co., Colorado, USA, in 1859. Joseph was a member of the staff of the first school in the area, the Union Day School, which opened October 31, 1859..¹ He resided at Denver, Arapahoe Co., Colorado, USA, in 1859. John Richard and his brother, Joseph, and their families settled in Denver..¹ Joseph's occupation: Indian Trader at Denver, Arapahoe Co., Colorado, USA, in 1863. "Had a ranch on Cherry Creek. The brothers also ran what might have been the first industry in the region making Indian crafts, they employed over 20 indian women. Along with this they also had a store and saloon on Blake street . This was handed over to Joseph who carried on the business. The brothers suffered heavy loses in the Denver fire of April, 1863, and when Joseph died the following year as a result of a drinking bout, His brother John sold what property and stock he may have had left."[Big Bat].¹ Joseph died in 1864 at near Fort Collins, Larimer Co., Colorado, USA. "About this time the Ute Indians stole one hundred head of Joe's horses. The family sold their remaining interests and started back to the bridge. Joe was a heavy drinker, but suffered more from the effects than most mountain men. John Baker, one of his companions, was the heavyiest drinker of all, but lived to be ninety. Joe is believed to have died after a drinking party with John Baker near the present Fort Collins."[Big Bat].¹

Last Edited=February 26, 2006

Susan Richard (F)
(circa 1820-), #181
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     Susan died. Susan was born at Fort Laramie Region, USA, circa 1820. She was the daughter of John Baptiste Richard Sr. and Rosalie Cote. She resided at St. Charles, St. Charles Co., Missouri, USA, after 1820. Susan never married, but made a home in St. Charles for her nephews while they went to school. ^1,1.

Last Edited=February 18, 2007

Father of White Thunder Woman (M)
(circa 1750-), #182

     Father died. He married Mother of White Thunder Woman. Father was born circa 1750.

Last Edited=August 5, 2007

Mother of White Thunder Woman (F)
(circa 1750-), #183

     Mother died. She married Father of White Thunder Woman. Mother was born circa 1750. She married (?) White Rabbit circa 1799.

Last Edited=August 5, 2007

(?) Yellow Lodge (M)
(circa 1825-1841), #184
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     The nationality of (?) Yellow Lodge was Oglala/Brule. He speaks (an unknown value). He was Lakota. (?) was born circa 1825. He was the son of (?) Lone Man and (?) Walks As She Thinks. (?) died in 1841 at Chugwater River Region.      Was killed in the autumn of 1841 when the fight between Old Bull Bear and Smoke erupted on the Chugwater.

Last Edited=February 3, 2000

(?) Spider (M)
(circa 1840-after February 16, 1877), #185
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     The nationality of (?) Spider was Oglala/Brule. He was Lakota. His religious name was Iktomila. He speaks (an unknown value). (?) Spider was also known as High Hollow Horn. (?) was born circa 1840. He was the son of (?) Lone Man and (?) Walks As She Thinks. (?) Spider was listed in the Indian Census on the date of on February 16, 1877 at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota, USA; Spider was listed as a Head of Household" on the Crazy Horse Surrender Ledger of February 16th, 1877, he was listed with the Rough Nuts, Throws Away, and Walking Elk families with the following : 4 "Adult Males", 4 "Adult Females", 2 "Children Male", 2 "Children Female".
He was also listed with the Oglala Sioux, Loafer Band under American Horse with 1 lodge. [Crazy Horse surrender ledger. : Lincoln, Neb. : Nebraska State Historical Society, c1994, p.67].¹ (?) died after February 16, 1877.

Last Edited=February 13, 2007

(?) Brings Spotted^1,2,3 (F)
(1812-after 1905), #186
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     The nationality of (?) Brings Spotted was Oglala/Brule. She speaks (an unknown value). She was Lakota. (?) was born in 1812.³ She was the daughter of (?) Lone Man and (?) Walks As She Thinks. (?) Brings Spotted was birth2 in 1816.¹ (?) was listed as Head of the Household on the Indian Census at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Dakota Territory, USA, in 1886.¹ (?) was listed as Head of the Household on the Indian Census at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota, USA, in 1894.² (?) was listed as Head of the Household on the Indian Census at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Wakpamini District, Shannon Co., South Dakota, USA, in 1905.³ (?) died after 1905.

Last Edited=February 12, 2007

(?) Roaring Cloud (M)
(September 20, 1822-), #187
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     The nationality of (?) Roaring Cloud was Oglala/Brule. He speaks (an unknown value). He was Lakota. (?) died. (?) was born on September 20, 1822.¹ He was the son of (?) Lone Man and (?) Walks As She Thinks.

Last Edited=November 26, 2005

Chief (?) Smoke^1,2,3 (M)
(circa 1800-1864), #188
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     Chief (?) Smoke was also known as (?) Sota.⁴ (?) was born circa 1800.^2,1 He was the son of Father of White Thunder Woman and Mother of White Thunder Woman. He married (?) Yellow Haired Woman circa 1840. (?) died in 1864.

Last Edited=August 5, 2007

Julia Red Cloud¹ (F)
(1850-), #189
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     Julia died. The nationality of Julia Red Cloud was Oglala/Brule. She speaks (an unknown value). She was Lakota. Julia Red Cloud was also known as Julia Long Soldier.¹ She married (?) Long Soldier.¹ Julia was born in 1850. A Red Cloud family genealogy, in the form of an heirship affidavit held by the South Dakota State Historical Society, states that Red Cloud's first daughter, Wears War Bonnet (later Julia Long Soldier) was born about 1850..¹ She was the daughter of Chief (?) Red Cloud and Mary Good Road.¹

Last Edited=November 26, 2005

Tells Him Red Cloud (F)
(1860-), #190
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     The nationality of Tells Him Red Cloud was Oglala/Brule. She speaks (an unknown value). She was Lakota. Tells died. Tells Him Red Cloud was also known as Fannie Chase Alone.¹ Tells was born in 1860. She was the daughter of Chief (?) Red Cloud and Mary Good Road.

Last Edited=November 13, 2005

Jack Red Cloud^1,2 (M)
(1858-July 1, 1918), #191
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      Jack was born in 1858. From the information on Jack's tombstone, however, the year of his birth would be about 1858..^3,1 He was the son of Chief (?) Red Cloud and Mary Good Road.³ He served in the military during war time on June 17, 1876 at Dakota Territory, USA. Chief (?) Red Cloud was listed in the Indian Census on the date of circa 1877 at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Dakota Territory, USA; Family was listed on the Crazy Horse Surrender Ledger of February 16th, 1877, he was listed with 18 lodges, along with Painted Hair, Red Lodge, and Jack (Red Cloud), and Pete Richard with the following : 5 "Adult Males", 3 "Adult Females", 4 "Children Male", 3 "Children Female". He was also listed with the Oglala Sioux. [Crazy Horse surrender ledger, c1994, p.69]

     In 1878, Red Cloud and his people moved to the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. Several times he traveled to Washington, D.C., New York City, and other Eastern cities to present the Indian case.
      In the outbreak of 1890-91 also he remained quit, being then an old man and practically blind, and was even said to have been threatened by the hostiles on account of his loyal attitude toward the government. As a warrior Red Cloud stood first among his people having counted 80 coups or separate deeds of bravery in battle. As a general and a statesman he ranked equally high, having been long prominent in treaties and councils, and several times a delegate to Washington, his attitude having been always that of a patriot from the Indian point of view.⁴ He married (?) Good Cloud circa 1879. Jack Red Cloud was listed in the Indian Census on the date of in 1886 at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota, USA.⁵ He married Nancy Poor Elk circa 1890. Jack Red Cloud was listed in the Indian Census on the date of on June 30, 1904 at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Medicine Root District, Shannon Co., South Dakota, USA.⁶ An unknown person nF was allotted land on the at Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Shannon Co., South Dakota, USA, in April 23, 1917(!) at OSA 01266

NAME MERIDIAN TWP RANGE SECTION ACREAGE TYPE CASETYPE DOCID DATE

RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 011 0 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917
RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 011 20 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917
RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 011 0 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917
RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 011 0 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917
RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 011 10 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917
RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 012 0 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917
RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 012 10 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917
RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 012 0 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917
RED-CLOUD JACK 06 035 N 045 W 012 20 253400 PA 579763 04/23/1917(! under the number of (an unknown value)(!).^1,2 Jack died on July 1, 1918. His body was interred on July 2, 1918 at Pine Ridge, Shannon Co., South Dakota, USA, at Holy Rosary Cemetery. Jack Red Cloud died on July 2, 1918 and is also buried in the Holy Rosary Mission cemetery..

Last Edited=July 20, 2007

Unknown Bijou (M)
(circa 1740-), #192

     Unknown died. Unknown was born circa 1740. He married Genevieve Routier before 1804. After Bissonett died Genevieve remarried a man named Bijou and her children often used this name thereafter..¹

Last Edited=November 27, 2005

Angelique Bissonet (F)
(June 23, 1772-after 1795), #193
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     Angelique Bissonet was also known as Angelique Bissonet dit Bijou. Angelique was born at Port of St. Louis, Spainish Part of Illinois, on June 23, 1772. She was the daughter of Louis Bissonette and Genevieve Routier. As of April 1, 1794,her married name was LaDoucier. She married Pierre LaDoucier at St. Louis, Illinois, USA, on April 1, 1794. Angelique died after 1795.

Last Edited=November 27, 2005

Pierre LaDoucier (M)
(circa 1770-), #194

     Pierre died. Pierre was born circa 1770. He married Angelique Bissonet at St. Louis, Illinois, USA, on April 1, 1794.

Last Edited=November 27, 2005

Louis Lacroix Bissonet (M)
(June 16, 1774-1836), #195
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     Louis Lacroix Bissonet was also known as Louis Bissonet dit Bijou. Louis was born at Port of St. Louis, Spainish Part of Illinois, on June 16, 1774. He was the son of Louis Bissonette and Genevieve Routier. Louis Lacroix Bissonet was employed in 1812 at Missouri River Region.¹ He is a work associate of an unknown person at Missouri River Region in 1812. Louis died in 1836 at New Mexico, Mexico.¹

Last Edited=February 11, 2007

Charles Bissonet (M)
(March 19, 1775-), #196
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     Charles Bissonet was also known as Charles Bissonet dit Bijou. Charles died. Charles was born at Port of St. Louis, Spainish Part of Illinois, on March 19, 1775. He was the son of Louis Bissonette and Genevieve Routier.

Last Edited=February 3, 2000