Susan Goss Johnston

     28. Hannah² Palmer (David¹) was born circa 1774 in CT;⁵⁵ married Charles Keyes say 1797;⁵² she died before 1860 as she does not appear in the 1860 federal census, probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.

     Hannah Palmer is identified as the wife of Charles Keyes of Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA, and the owner of a one-ninth share of land once owned by David and Eunice Palmer, in a deed granting that share to Peleg Peck.⁵² Fortunately, she is enumerated with her husband in the 1850 federal census of Columbia Twp.⁵⁵ This entry shows that Hannah was born about 1774 in Connecticut, providing some evidence on her parents' origins. Also enumerated in the household is Charles Keyes Jr. and his wife, as well as Ann Keyes, probably a granddaughter. Although Hannah's husband's grave is marked with a stone in the Sylvania Cemetery, I was unable to locate Hannah's grave. She probably died before 1860 as she was not found in the 1860 federal census.

     To judge from the picture of the Hannah (Palmer) and Charles Keyes family seen in the 1820 federal census enumeration, the couple had at least eight children, seven sons and one daughter. No effort has been made to trace all these children. The listing here is conjectural only and is based on census information. Other than a brief statement in Heverly²⁷, I have made no effort to find direct evidence to identify these relationships.

     Charles Keyes was born circa 1775 in MA.⁵⁵ He died 5 February 1856 in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁴ He was buried in Sylvania Cemetery, Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁴

     Known children of Hannah² Palmer and Charles Keyes were as follows:

• i. Charles³ Keyes Jr. was born circa 1799 in NY;⁵⁵ he died 17 June 1883;⁴ buried in Sylvania Cemetery, Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁴
• ii. Hannah Keyes was born say 1802.²⁷
• iii. Edmund Keyes was born circa 1806 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.^9,55
• iv. Demmon Keyes was born circa 1811 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA;^27,55 he died 1 May 1881;⁴ buried in Sylvania Cemetery, Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁴
• 36. v. Stillman Keyes, born circa 1813 Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA; married Eliza (--?--).
• 37. vi. Stephen Keyes, born circa 1813 PA; married Sophia (--?--).

     29. Eunice² Palmer (David¹) was born circa 1778 in CT;⁵⁵ married (--?--) Button say 1799.⁵²

     Living next to Eunice Button in 1850 is the household of Russell Button, age 40.⁵⁵ Although it would appear that Russell is one of Eunice's children, his birthplace, and that of his entire family, is entered as Vermont. Unless this was a mistake, it's unlikely that he is Eunice's son, but very likely that they are related.

     (--?--) Button was born say 1775.⁵²

     It's possible that Eunice (Palmer) Button's husband was Peter Button. Peter appears as the only taxable inhabitant of Columbia Twp., surnamed Button, at the organization of Bradford Co. in 1812.²⁷

     Known children of Eunice² Palmer and (--?--) Button were as follows:

• i. Myron³ Button was born between 1800 and 1810.⁹
• ii. Lucinda Button was born circa 1805 in PA;⁵⁵ married John Bixby Jr. circa 1829.⁵⁵

     30. Theodotia² Palmer (David¹) was born circa 1784 in NY;^55,28 married Calvin Tinkham say 1810;⁵² she died 5 December 1870 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA;⁵⁶ buried in Sylvania Cemetery, Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁵⁶

     Calvin Tinkham was born circa 1786 in MA.^55,28 He died 12 November 1874 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁵⁶ He was buried in Sylvania Cemetery, Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁵⁶

     Known children of Theodotia² Palmer and Calvin Tinkham were as follows:

• i. Lora³ Tinkham was born circa 1814 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁴
• ii. Samuel Tinkham was born circa 1816 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.^28,55,4
• iii. Olive Tinkham was born circa 1818 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁴
       Olive, daughter of Calvin and Theodotia (Palmer) Tinkham, appears twice on the list of poor children in Columbia Twp. The first time, 1824, she is entered as age 6 years. She does not appear on the list in 1826, but appears as age 5 years on the 1827 list. The original lists should be examined. Although possible, it's not likely that the Tinkhams had two daughters named Olive, living at the same time.
• iv. L. A. Tinkham was born circa 1820 in Bradford Co., PA.⁵⁷
• v. Delighty Tinkham was born circa 1824 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁵⁵
• vi. Clark Tinkham was born circa 1829 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.^55,28

     31. Cynthia² Palmer (David¹) was born circa 1784 in VT;^55,28 married (--?--) Miller say 1805.⁵²

     (--?--) Miller was born say 1782.⁵²

     Known children of Cynthia² Palmer and (--?--) Miller were as follows:

• i. Orrin³ Miller was born between 1800 and 1810.¹⁹
• ii. Charles D. Miller was born circa 1817 probably in Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁵⁵
• iii. Thomas Miller was born circa 1823 in PA.⁵⁵
• iv. C. D. Miller was born circa 1832 in Bradford Co., PA.²⁸

     32. Susan² Palmer (David¹) was born circa 1785 in VT;^51,58 married Samuel Hurlbut say 1808;⁵² she died before 29 June 1860 as she does not appear with her husband in the federal census of this date, probably in Harmony, Chautauqua Co., NY.⁵⁹

     Samuel Hurlbut was born circa 1785 in VT.^51,58,59

     Known children of Susan² Palmer and Samuel Hurlbut were as follows:

• 38. i. C. C.³ Hurlbut, born circa 1814 PA; married Abigail L. (--?--).
• ii. Hosea Hurlbut was born circa 1816 in PA;⁵⁹ married Ann (--?--) say 1855.⁵⁹
• iii. Laura Hurlbut was born circa 1824 probably in Harmony, Chautauqua Co., NY.⁵⁸

     33. Stephen² Palmer (David¹) was born 11 October 1787 in Unadilla, Otsego Co., NY;^3,60,61,62 married (1) Lydia Case, daughter of Samuel Case and Delight Emory, 1807 in Troy, Bradford Co., PA;³⁷ married (2) Betsey Morgan before 27 July 1860;^60,37 he died 22 January 1873 in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA;^37,61 buried in Palmer family cemetery, Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA.⁶¹

     Evidence supports two possible birthdates for Stephen Palmer: 11 Nov 1789³⁷ and 11 Oct 1787.⁶¹ The first date appears in the Case manuscript; the second is the result derived from Stephen's age at death as found on his tombstone. Other dates found in this Case manuscript family group sheet are accurate, but a 1789 year of birth does not fit with Stephen's age as documented by all census records;^3,60,62 nor does it fit his brother's April 1790 birth date.⁶³ It's possible that the year was misread by Erastus Case and Stephen's true birth date is 11 Nov 1787; however, in the absence of additional evidence, his 11 Oct 1787 calculated birth date fits both family pattern and census evidence. Census evidence places his birth in New York and the Case manuscript narrows that to Unadilla in Otsego (then Montgomery) County. Researchers should note that this Stephen Palmer is not the Stephen Palmer of Tinmouth, Vermont. The Stephen Palmer of Tinmouth is the son of Jareb Palmer. (See discussion under "Descendants of Jareb Palmer").

     Stephen came to Pennsylvania with his father, probably arriving in Burlington Twp., then part of Lycoming County, about 1804. His marriage to Lydia Case took place in 1807³⁷ and he was baptized in the Baptist Church in Burlington 28 January 1810 having "related his Experience" the day before with Samuel Case.⁶⁴ Whether this Samuel Case was his father-in-law or his brother-in-law cannot be determined from these records.

     In June 1841, Stephen and Lydia Palmer sold a one-ninth share in land in Columbia township to Peleg Peck for $33. No residence for the couple is entered in this deed. At the same time, one-ninth shares were also sold by Calvin and Theodotia Tinkham (no residence given) and by Eunice Button of Columbia township.⁵² These deeds are the only original documents found to date that support the relationship of Stephen and his parents, David and Eunice.

     Stephen, son of David Palmer, and Stephen, son of Jareb Palmer, are frequently confused. The two were almost the same age, both belonged to the Baptist church, and because Stephen (Jareb) died so young, he left few records behind. The two men seldom appear in records simultaneously. The 1820 federal census, Stephen (David) in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA,⁶⁵ and Stephen (Jareb) in Troy Twp., Bradford Co., PA,¹ is the one instance that effectively differentiates the two men. The family patterns shown by these two records differ significantly. Stephen (David) was the head of a family that included two boys and four girls; Stephen (Jareb) headed a family of four children, one boy and three girls. (Stephen (David) Palmer census table.

     Lydia Case was born 4 March 1791 possibly in Washington Co., NY.^37,3 She was baptized on 27 May 1810 in Troy, Bradford Co., PA, Troy Baptist Church.⁶⁴ She died 15 May 1854 in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA.^37,61 She was buried in Palmer family cemetery, Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA.⁶¹

     Although the Erastus Ely Case manuscript served as the kernel for this picture of the Lydia (Case) Palmer family, the present status is the result of much research and analysis. The research also provides insight into the methods of Dr. Case. Family group sheet A164144 of Lydia Case (Palmer) was compiled from letter no. 1083 dated May 1910. This letter, written by Mark P. Palmer, Lydia's son, presents a very complete picture of her family. Mark, born in 1827, would have been about 83 years old at the time.³⁷ The group sheet includes the parents' names, birth and death dates and places, and the year of marriage. Twelve children are listed, with complete dates of birth, spouse names, and several dates of death. The two children still living in Sullivan Twp., Mark and his brother Alvin, are noted. Information this complete suggests that Mark Palmer's source was a family Bible. The missing death dates, those of Polly, Nathan, and Alpha, all post-date Stephen's 1873 death date, suggesting that the Bible was originally kept by Stephen Palmer, himself. One important piece of information is missing, however: Stephen's second marriage.

     A second picture of this family also exists in the Case manuscript files: family group sheet A164153 of Lydia Case (Palmer). This sheet was apparently compiled from information found in letter no. 1535 of Dr. S. E. Palmer dated December 1907. Dr. Case identified this Lydia as the daughter and third child of Reuben Case, Samuel's brother! Her birthdate, the only complete date on this page, is 18 Apr 1795, in reality the birthdate of Sylvia, Reuben's daughter and third child. The Case manuscript does not include information on this daughter, Sylvia Case, wife of Russell Palmer. It is likely that Dr. Case misread Leonard F. Case's information on the family of Reuben Case, mistaking Sylvia for Lydia. Given the similarity of the capital S and capital L in the nineteenth century hand, this would be an easy mistake to make. Given the fact that the only other dates on this sheet are the years of birth and death for one child, Anson Palmer, this birth date was probably assigned by Dr. Case and was not provided by S. E. Palmer.

      This mistaken identity would not have occurred if Dr. Case's project included the tracing of female lines. Dr. S. E. Palmer was Stephen E. Palmer, the son of Anson and Mary (Barnes) Palmer and grandson of Lydia Case and Stephen Palmer. Dr. Palmer was sixty years old in 1907 and a resident of Elmira, Chemung Co., NY. His information included his grandparents' names, the names of nine children, their spouses and residences. It also included the name of his grandfather's second wife, Betsey Morgan. The three Palmer children missing from this list were Junette, Charles, and William, all of them long-dead. The wife of William Provin, also long-dead, is included; however, her name is given as Julia A. Palmer. Either this is another misreading on Dr. Erastus Case's part, or it's a flawed memory of the name Delilah on Dr. Stephen Case's part. A comparison of the two group sheets shows clearly that they refer to the same couple.³⁷

     Known children of Stephen² Palmer and Lydia Case were as follows:

• 39. i. Polly³ Palmer, born 13 June 1808 Burlington Twp., Lycoming Co., PA; married William Mosher.
• ii. Junette Palmer was born 8 January 1810 in Burlington Twp., Lycoming Co., PA;³⁷ married Ira Mudge say 1827;³⁷ she died 26 November 1828.³⁷
• 40. iii. Nathan Palmer, born 26 November 1812 Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA; married Caroline Lawrence.
• 41. iv. Anson William Palmer, born 26 August 1814 Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA; married Mary Ann Barnes.
• 42. v. Alpha G. Palmer, born 17 August 1815 Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA; married Garwood H. Hill.
• vi. Charles H. Palmer was born 15 July 1817 in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA;³⁷ he died 27 December 1817 in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA.³⁷
• 43. vii. Delilah Palmer, born 12 November 1818 Sullivan, Tioga Co., PA; married William Provin.
• 44. viii. Origen W. Palmer, born 17 December 1820 Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA; married Phebe Smith.
• 45. ix. Lucy Ann Palmer, born 27 November 1823 Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA; married Jefferson Welch.
• 46. x. Alvin Thomas Palmer, born 14 February 1825 Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA; married Louisa Adams.
• 47. xi. Mark Preston Palmer, born 16 August 1827 Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA; married Helen Angeline Smith.
• 48. xii. William Hiburn Palmer, born 1 May 1829 Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA; married Huldah Adams.

     Betsey Morgan was born circa 1794 in MA.⁶⁰

     There were no known children of Stephen² Palmer and Betsey Morgan.

     34. David² Palmer (David¹) was born 12 April 1790 in NY;^3,63,20,18 married Sophia (--?--) say 1812;^3,63 he died 13 March 1875 probably in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA;⁶³ buried in King Hill Cemetery, Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA.⁶³

     David's first appearance in Bradford County records is his name on the list of taxables in Columbia Twp. in 1812, where he appears as David Palmer Jr.²⁷ By 1820, however, he and his family had crossed the county line and settled in Sullivan Twp. in Tioga Co.⁶⁵

     Begin at the antique shop (Relics and All) in Sylvania and drive west on Rte. 6. Take the old state road fork and continue to King Hill Cemetery in Sullivan Township. Most of the land you have passed on your left belonged at one time to a descendant of David Palmer, much of it bought by this namesake. David Palmer [Jr.] bought over two thousand acres of land in Tioga County, warrants numbered 968 and 969. Deeds dated 13 April 1838 state that the lands after "long possession duly proven became vested in said David Palmer."¹¹ His brother Stephen bought some of this land, as well as some adjoining property, and the two brothers apparently lived near each other for the rest of their lives. The families were so close that nieces and nephews were as likely to be found enumerated in a census household as sons and daughters. Fortunately, both David and Stephen left wills that help sort out the various Palmer offspring.

     Children. Census records show that the family of David and Sophia Palmer probably consisted of four males and two females. Only the youngest, Charles, born about 1831, appears with his parents in the 1850 federal census. Three older sons were born between 1810 and 1820; one daughter between 1810 and 1820;⁶⁵ one daughter between 1820 and 1825.⁶⁶ The three sons are named in David's 5 May 1870 will. "I give and devise all my personal property to be equally divided between Alanson Palmer, Ransom Palmer, Lester Palmer and Mary Palmers heirs."⁶⁷ My first interpretation of this sentence was a listing of three sons and one deceased daughter. I now feel that an equally likely interpretation is a listing of three sons and the heirs of Mary Palmer, his deceased son Charles's widow. A study of David's original estate file should answer this question. Assuming my second interpretation is correct, two daughters remain to be found. One of them is probably Nancy J., wife of Lyman Dewey, who was born Dec 1920. Her age is appropriate for the youngest daughter and David was enumerated with her family in 1870.²⁰ Joyce Tice and others have called the older daughter Amanda.⁴ I have found no evidence to support or contradict this statement.

     Like brothers Stephen and Nathan, David also has a "namesake" among the sons of Jareb Palmer. Unlike his brothers, though, there is no confusing the two Davids. David, son of David Palmer, was sixteen years older and was already a head of household, paying taxes, buying land, and creating records in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., before David, son of Jareb Palmer, began his own record-creating in Canton Twp., Bradford Co. The two men spent their adult lives in their respective counties, fathered radically different families, and are buried with those families in different cemeteries under clearly-named tombstones. This last statement may not be true for long. David Palmer's tombstone in King Hill Cemetery has fallen and is already partially buried.

     Sophia (--?--) was born December 1795 in NY.^3,63,18 She died 7 June 1861 probably in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA.⁶³ She was buried in King Hill Cemetery, Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA.⁶³

     Known children of David² Palmer and Sophia (--?--) were as follows:

• 49. i. Alanson³ Palmer, born circa 1814 PA; married Sarah A. (--?--).
• ii. Ransom Palmer was born circa 1816 in PA.⁶⁷
       Ransom Palmer may be the Ransom Palmer, age 64, born in Pennsylvania, who is enumerated in 1880 in Grand Ridge, La Salle Co., Illinois. David Palmer's original estate papers may identify him.
• 50. iii. Sylvester Palmer, born 7 June 1817 PA; married Adaline Provin.
• iv. Nancy J. Palmer was born December 1820 in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA;^4,20 married Lyman Dewey say 1842; she died 11 October 1903 in Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA;⁴ buried in King Hill Cemetery, Sullivan Twp., Tioga Co., PA.⁴
• 51. v. Charles E. Palmer, born circa 1831 PA; married Mary E. Welch.

     35. Nathan² Palmer (David¹) was born before 21 November 1794 as he purchased land 21 Nov 1815, by which date he must have been at least 21 years old;⁵² married Phoebe Rexford before 23 December 1831 the date the couple sells land;⁵² he died before 1850 in Dodge City, Dodge Co., WI.

     The owner of the final ninth part of the piece of land sold to Peleg Peck by the heirs of David and Eunice Palmer has not been identified; but David and Eunice did have a third son, born between 1792 and 1794, who appears as part of their household in both the 1810 and 1820 federal censuses. Several pieces of evidence support the hypothesis that this son was Nathan Palmer of Columbia Township. Nathan first appear in the land records buying almost 100 acres of land adjoining that of Stephen Palmer in Columbia twp. This deed was executed 21 November 1815. Because he had to be at least 21 years old to own land, this Nathan Palmer must have been born before 21 November 1794. Stephen Palmer, owner of the neighboring land, is known to be a son of David and Eunice Palmer; so it's logical to assume a close relationship between the two men. This plot was sold almost two years later to Stephen Fowler. No wife is named in this deed, suggesting that Nathan was unmarried in 1817. Nathan next appears purchasing a tiny piece of land, part of the same plot, from Comfort S. Peters and his wife Cynthia. He and his wife, Phebe, sell the same piece of land to Elisha Willoughby in December 1831. Despite the fact that Nathan Palmer is called "of Columbia Township" in each one of these four deeds, he has not been found as head of household in the 1830 federal census. The Nathan Palmer who appears as head of household in Canton Township is the son of Jareb Palmer.

     The second piece of evidence supporting Nathan's place as a son of David and Eunice Palmer comes from online messages of researcher Debra Rickman who identified the wife of Nathan Palmer as Phoebe Rexford and lists their children as Eunice, Cynthia, Charles, Ransom, Lydia and David. Nathan's mother was Eunice, his father was David, and an older sister was named Cynthia.

     Although I have been unable to find Nathan in the census records of Bradford or Tioga counties, a Nathan Palmer does appear in the 1840 federal census of Harmony, Chautauqua Co., New York. Susan (Palmer) Hurlbut, daughter of David and Eunice Palmer, was also a resident of Harmony, she and her husband Samuel appearing there as early as the 1830 federal census. This Nathan Palmer household consists of Nathan Palmer and a woman of an age to be his wife, as well as eight children, five boys and three girls. A variety of sources have been used to identify these children, but bear in mind that this is a preliminary survey and is not a definitive study of the Nathan and Phoebe (Rexford) Palmer family.

     Children: First, the death certificate of Eunice Storer identifies her parents as Nathan Palmer and Phoebe Rexford and her birth place as Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA.⁴ Her obituary adds the additional information that she was one of eleven children; that she spent her childhood near Lake Chautauqua in NY, and that at the age of seventeen (ca. 1846) she came with her parents to Portland, WI, where she was married in 1847.⁶⁸ Eunice and her husband Daniel Storer removed to Windsor, Wisconsin, where they appear in the 1860 U.S. census. Enumerated with them is the twenty-year-old Charles Palmer.⁶⁹

      This Charles Palmer was a Civil War soldier and received a pension.⁷⁰ His application papers identify his movements before and after the Civil War. He was born in Chautauqua Co., NY; lived in Windsor, Dane Co., WI, before enlisting; removed to McLean Co., IL, after the war; and moved to Newton Co., MO, about 1883, where he spent the remainder of his life. Charles Palmer does not appear in Dane Co., WI, in 1850; but the 1850 U.S. census of Harmony, Chautauqua Co., NY, includes the household of Phobe [sic] Palmer, age 42, born in Pennsylvania, and three children: Charles, age 10; Sarah, age 7; and Lydia, age 17.⁵⁸ The 1879 History of McLean County, Illinois provides additional details: "When he [Charles] was 5 years of age, his parents moved to Dodge City, Wis., living there two and one-half years, where his father and two brothers died. Mr. Palmer remained at home [Chautauqua Co., NY] until he was 15 years of age, and then worked upon a farm until the year 1857, when he went to Wisconsin." This biography also links him to a brother, Ransom, also a resident of McLean Co.⁷¹

      Ransom Palmer's biography also appears in the McLean Co. history. Like his brother, he was born in Chautauqua Co., NY. Although he was not part of his mother's 1850 household, the biography claims that he lived with her until he was twenty years old, moving to Wisconsin after her death. After his 1861 marriage to Fanny Bragg, he moved to Illinois and shared a livery business with his brother.⁷¹

      This evidence identifies seven of the eleven children of Nathan and Phoebe: Eunice, Charles, Ransom, Lydia, Sarah, and two sons who died before 1850 in Dodge Co., WI. Another daughter, Cynthia (Palmer) Mayhew, was identified by a descendant in a 16 May 2002 email message to the Tri-Counties Genealogy web site.⁴ Although I have no records directly linking Cynthia to the above children, she is enumerated with her husband and family in Portland, WI, in 1850, her parents' original Wisconsin location;⁷²; two sons are enumerated in Windsor, WI, in 1870, the residence of sister Eunice; and she appears to have remarried before 1870, Nelson Pomeroy, a widower and resident of Windsor. Also, the name Cynthia is not common, and it is a name used in the Palmer family for Nathan Palmer's sister.

      A disjointed family record found online at the Tri-Counties Genealogy web site, adds two more names to the total: David, who appears with his wife Harriet and three children in Dane Co., WI, in 1860;⁶⁹ and a Daniel, or W. D. Palmer, not yet found by me in any other record.⁴

      Thus, most of the members of the 1840 Nathan Palmer household can be identified: two males under five years of age [Ransom b. ca. 1838 and Charles b. ca. 1839], two males age 5 to 10 [presently unidentified, but possibly the two sons who died in Wisconsin], one male age 10 to 15 [probably David b. ca. 1826], one male age 40 to 50 [Nathan b. ca. 1794], one female age 5 to 10 [Lydia b. ca. 1833], two females age 10 to 15 [Cynthia ca. b. 1828 and Eunice b. ca. 1829], and one female age 30 to 40 [Phoebe b. ca. 1808].⁷³

     Nathan, son of David Palmer, and Nathan, son of Jareb Palmer, are separated in age by about six years, a circumstance that allows records of the two men to be confused. It's always easy to assume that an individual of the right name and right age, living in the (almost) right area at the right time, is the person of interest. Only one Nathan Palmer appears as head of household in this region in the 1830 federal census. That man resides in Canton Twp., not the usual location for the descendants of David Palmer. Given the fact that Nathan, son of Jareb Palmer, is living and paying taxes in Canton Twp. at the time, it's more reasonable to assume that the Nathan Palmer, 1830 head of household, is the son of Jareb, not the son of David as some researchers assume. This 1830 family is consistent with that of Nathan, son of Jareb, so there is no reason to assign this census to another man.

     Where is Nathan, son of David Palmer, a man with a wife, one son and two daughters, in 1830? Land records suggest that he should be found in Columbia Twp., but his name doesn't appear there, nor does it appear in neighboring Tioga Co. or in Harmony, NY. Several of Nathan's neighbors gleaned from land records are missing from this census, as well, so perhaps he was omitted. Columbia Twp. tax lists should be examined to verify Nathan's residence at this time. Confusion ends by 1840 when both men appear, with their different families, in separate census enumerations. (Nathan (son of David) Palmer family census table).

     Phoebe Rexford was born circa 1808 in PA.⁵⁸

     Known children of Nathan² Palmer and Phoebe Rexford were as follows:

• 52. i. David³ Palmer, born circa 1826 NY; married Harriet E. (--?--).
• 53. ii. Cynthia Palmer, born circa 1828 NY; married Charles Mayhew.
• 54. iii. Eunice Palmer, born 7 May 1829 Columbia Twp., Bradford Co., PA; married Daniel Storer.
• iv. Lydia Palmer was born circa 1833 in NY.⁵⁸
• 55. v. Ransom Palmer, born circa 1838 Chautauqua Co., NY; married Fanny Bragg.
• 56. vi. Charles Palmer, born 25 December 1839 Chautauqua Co., NY; married Mary E. Ball.
• vii. Sarah Palmer was born circa 1843 in NY.⁵⁸