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| Distance=2 Probably Related You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by two 'point' from the 25 markers we tested. For most closely related and same surnamed individuals, the mismatch markers are either DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B and 389-1 from our first panel of 12 markers, and from the second panel: DYS #'s 458 459 a 459b 449, 464 a-d, which have shown themselves to move most rapidly. The probability of a close relationship is good, however the results show mutations, and therefore more time between the two same surnamed person. Continued testing should find males near or perhaps identical to this group member. Distance=3 Probably Not Related You share the same surname (or a variant) but are off by 3 'points' or 3 locations on the 25 markers tested. If enough time has passed it is possible that these two group members are distantly related family members. However that would nearly require that each line had passed a seperate mutation and one would have experienced 2! The only way to confirm or deny is to test additional family lines and find where the mutation took place. Expressed another way, assume your score puts you at 3 on the clock. Assume the person 3 from you is at the 9 position. Only by further testing can you find the person in between each of you...this in 'betweener' becomes essential for you to find, and in their absence the possibility of a match exists, but further evidence should be pursued. Distance=4 Not Related 21/25 is too far off to be considered related. Unlikely but vaguely possible that the rule for ONLY Possible related applies. It is important to determine what set of result most typifies 'most' members of the group you are 'close' to matching. You may be 21/25 with an individual, but 23/25 with the center (most common) of the group, and your potential relatedness to him is through the center of the group. Distance=5 Not Related 20/25 You are not related and the odds greatly favor that you have not shared a common male ancestor with this person in excess of 2,000 years Distance=6 Not Related 19/25 You are not related and the odds greatly favor that you have not shared a common male ancestor with this person in excess of 5,000 years. 
--Family Tree DNA Click here for a 25 Marker Participant Distance Table
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