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The Johnson/Johnston/Johnstone DNA
Surname Project
A Pioneer Surname DNA Project
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In Memorial of
Harold Johnson Website of
Linda Sparks Starr Forest
and Tree Wise is the person who sees the forest May we then in living life (Participant 58215)
Our Testing Lab
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Haplogroup Studies
Chemical
Graphics by Paul Thiessen Haplogroup Study Objective As
stated previously, the objective of this project is to display the DNA test
results of participants in a manner best suited for genealogical
comparisons. It is these test comparisons that is the core reason to employ
DNA testing in the first place. It is our hope that the haplogroup studies
web page(s) will allow participants to easily make their desired comparisons
and to explore their ancient genealogy through the more scientific analysis
of their individual haplogroup. Haplogroup Definitions Haplogroup Charts Family Group Leaders Haplogroups
Below you will find links to the haplogroups’ pages. From these pages you can access the test
results from all members in said haplogroups. Haplogroup
B -Haplogroup B is one of the oldest Y-chromosome lineages in humans. Haplogroup
B is found exclusively in Africa. This lineage was the first to disperse
around Africa. There is current archaeological evidence supporting a major
population expansion in Africa approximately 90-130 thousand years ago. It
has been proposed that this event may have spread Haplogroup B throughout
Africa. Haplogroup B appears at low frequency all around Africa, but is at
its highest frequency in Pygmy populations Haplogroup
E3a is an Africa lineage. It is currently hypothesized that this haplogroup
dispersed south from northern Africa within the last 3,000 years, by the
Bantu agricultural expansion. E3a is also the most common lineage among
African Americans Haplogroup E3b1a
- This
lineage is estimated to have originated in north-eastern Africa about 23,000
years ago. Some of its branches exited Africa during the Paleolithic, and
today it can be found in Europe, the Middle East, and north and east Africa. Haplogroup
E3b1- This lineage is found in eastern and northern Africa, the Near East,
and Europe, and is estimated to have originated about 23,000 years ago. Haplogroup G and Haplogroup G2 -This lineage may have originated in India or Pakistan, and has
dispersed into central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The G2 branch of
this lineage (containing the P15 mutation) is found most often in the Europe
and the Middle East The I
and I1 lineages are nearly completely restricted to northwestern Europe.
These would most likely have been common within Viking populations. One
lineage of this group extends down into central Europe. Haplogroup I dates to
23,000 years ago or longer. Lineages not in branches I1a, I1b or I1c are
found distributed at low frequency throughout Europe. The I1a
lineages are nearly completely restricted to northwestern Europe. These would
most likely have been common within Viking populations. One lineage of this
group extends down into central Europe. Haplogroup I dates to 23,000 years ago
or longer. Lineages not in branches I1a, I1b or I1c are found distributed at
low frequency throughout Europe. Haplogroup
I1b -This subgroup of Haplogroup I is found within the Balkans countries at
it's greatest frequency and diversity. These countries probably harbored this
subset of Haplogroup I as a refuge during the Last Glacial Maximum. Haplogroup
J and J1 - both are found at highest frequencies in Middle Eastern and north
African populations where each most likely evolved. This marker has been
carried by Middle Eastern traders into Europe, central Asia, India, and
Pakistan. The Cohen modal lineage is found in Haplogroup J*. Haplogroup
J2 This lineage originated in the northern portion of the Fertile
Crescent where it later spread throughout central Asia, the Mediterranean,
and south into India. As with other populations with Mediterranean ancestry
this lineage is found within Jewish populations. Haplogroup
N -This haplogroup is distributed throughout Northern Eurasia. It is the most
common Y-chromosome type in Uralic speakers (Finns and Hungarians). This
lineage most likely originated in northern China or Mongolia and then spread
into Siberia where it became a very common line in western Siberia Haplogroup
O probably originated in East Asia and later migrated into the South Pacific.
The lineage expanded into Taiwan (high frequency in the aboriginal
Taiwanese), Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. O3 is the
predominant sub-group in China. The O1 and O2a lineages are found in
Southeast Asian populations of Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia and southern
China. The O2b sub-group is of high frequency in the Japanese and Korean
populations. Haplogroup
Q arose in Central Asia and migrated through the Altai/Baikal region of
northern Eurasia into the Americas. Today it is found in North Eurasia, with
some exemplars in European populations. The Q1a3a sub-group is almost
exclusively associated with Native American populations. Haplogroup T: From 2002 to 2008, it was known as Haplogroup K2. It should not
be confused with the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup T, of the same name. It is believed
to have originated in Asia.
Individuals, at some later point, proceeded south to Africa. While
these chromosomes are seen in relatively high frequencies in Egypt, Oman,
Tanzania, Ethiopia and Morocco, they are especially prominent in the Fulbe,
presenting the highest concentration of this haplogroup found so far. A famous
member of the T haplogroup is Thomas Jefferson; his Y-chromosomal complement
received prominence through the Sally Hemings controversy. The R1a lineage is believed to
have originated in the Eurasian Steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas.
This lineage is believed to have originated in a population of the Korgan
culture, known for the domestication of the horse (approximately 3000
B.C.E.). These people were also believed to be the first speakers of the
Indo-European language group. This lineage is currently found in central and
western Asia, India, and in Slavic populations of Eastern Europe. Haplogroup R1b: is the most
common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have expanded
throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12
thousand years ago. This lineage is also the haplogroup containing the
Atlantic modal haplotype Haplogroup R1b is the most common
haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have expanded
throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12
thousand years ago. This lineage is also the haplogroup containing the
Atlantic modal haplotype The haplogroups for these members is currently unestablished |
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Johnson Administrator | Sherrie Boone Co-Administrator |
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Johnson Librarian | Euell Johnson Research Analyst
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Notice: Neither this
project's administrator(s) nor it's group leaders receive any monetary
benefits from this project. Their work is voluntary in support of the belief
that this information should be freely shared with the genealogical
community; however the individual participants as contributors the
administrator(s) reserve copyright privileges lest anyone attempt to
publish the reports, in whole or in part, for profit or any other purpose. Revision Date:
11 May 2008
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