| |
Fort Nisqually was the first
European settlement on Puget Sound. The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) of
London, a vast fur trading enterprise chartered by King Charles of England
in 1670, established it in 1833. The original site was on the beach and
plains above the Nisqually River delta in the present town of DuPont,
Washington. Today Fort Nisqually, including two of the original buildings,
is located inside Tacoma's Point Defiance Park. Fort Nisqually is owned
and operated as a historic site by Metro Parks of Tacoma.
Fort Nisqually was operated and served by Scottish gentlemen, Native
Americans, Kanakas (Hawaiians), French-Canadians, West Indians, Englishmen
and American settlers. Gradually, Fort Nisqually grew from a remote
outpost to a major international trading establishment. A subsidiary, the
Puget Sound's Agricultural Company, was formed to establish new sources of
revenue for the HBC. Soon Fort Nisqually was producing crops and livestock
for local consumption and export to Russian America, Hawaii, Spanish
California, Europe and Asia. Native Americans were welcomed at Fort
Nisqually as friends, customers, fur traders, farm and livestock
employees, and even as spouses!
Fort Nisqually never had a military purpose, but the palisade does
resemble some frontier army stockades. It was only occasionally visited by
American and British military personnel during its active years. The 1846
treaty between the United States and Great Britain established the
boundary between the two country's claims at the 49th parallel. This
treaty left Fort Nisqually on American soil. With fur trade profits
declining, increasing competition from American settlers, and mounting
harassment from American revenue agents and tax collectors, Fort Nisqually
was closed in 1869. The United States government, under the 1846 treaty
agreement, paid the HBC $650,000 for Fort Nisqually and the Puget Sound
Agriculture Company lands.
One hundred years after construction and 65 years after closing, major
efforts were undertaken to preserve the few remaining structures. Only the
Factor's House and the Granary had avoided disrepair and decay. Civic
minded citizens moved those two historic buildings and re-created several
others to present Fort Nisqually as it was in 1855.
Today Fort Nisqually hosts 90,000 visitors annually at a beautifully
restored site. Seven structures are open when trained staff are present
during the summer months and during living history events. The Factor's
House is currently being restored to original 1855 conditions, when the
building was brand new. Artifacts of the era are being collected for
display. The small museum is open, as is the gift shop. The Granary, the
oldest building on Puget Sound, is open. The Blacksmith shop and the
laborer's dwelling house are historically accurate. Living history
re-enactors are often available for interpretation of the detailed history
of Fort Nisqually.
The current Capital Campaign will soon allow construction of a new
Men's Dwelling House, staff offices, a research library and curatorial
storage rooms.
Fort Nisqually stands as a memorial to the servants of the "Honorable
Company of Gentlemen out of Hudson's Bay" who risked their hides for skins
in the Pacific Northwest. Please come to visit Historic Fort Nisqually for
a World-Class adventure into your past. |
|