Haplogroup R1b (DYS392=12)

The Atlantic Modal Haplotype has many variants. Any basic haplotype that differs from

the AMH values of 14-12-24-11-13-13 by a single step, on any marker, in any direction, is

still considered part of AMH. The haplotype below exhibits the

DYS19/DYS388/DYS390/DYS391/DYS392/DYS393 marker values

14-12-24-11-12-13, which puts it in that category.

However, it is important to note that DYS392 has one of the lowest observed

mutation rates of all twelve key markers, and that R1b haplotypes with values of 12,

rather than 13, at that marker are very rare. Such values are most likely the product

of random mutations, and are not currently thought to signify a separate subclade.

R1b DYS392=12 Haplotype #1

Of the top ten frequencies here, three fall among Amerindian or African-American

samples. This may indicate some level of convergence, but most likely indicates mixing

with persons of European descent.

Four of the top frequencies fall in Iberia or Latin America, and four fall in a variety of

other European locales - namely, The Netherlands, Alsace, Northern Italy and Hungary.

Of the remaining eleven locales, seven are in Iberia or Latin America. The rest are

in Switzerland, Northern Italy and - at very low levels - in Germany.

Although this haplotype may occur by random mutation alone, irrespective of the

genetic trends in the host population, it might also have proliferated from random

mutations that occurred long ago in particular locales. If that is so, this haplotype

would most likely have had an Iberian origin - and may have come to Britain from a

either "Celtic", Roman or Sephardic source.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	13	-	24	11	12	13	11	14

Geographical Locale

Bolivia [Amerindian]

4.92

El Salvador

4.17

Pennsylvania [African-American]

2.33

Friesland, Netherlands

2.27

Missouri [African-American]

1.78

Veneto, Italy

1.67

Pyrenees, Spain

1.50

Caceres, Spain

1.10

Strasbourg, Alsace

1.01

Szeged, Hungary

1.00

Lausanne, Switzerland

.93

Tuscany, Italy

.92

Valencia, Spain

.71

Bogota, Colombia [European]

.68

Northern Portugal

.55

Central Portugal

.54

Barcelonia, Catalonia

.45

Argentina [European]

.33

Antioquia, Colombia [European]

.25

Berlin, Brandenburg

.18

Leipzig, Saxony

.15

R1b DYS392=12 Haplotype #2

There are only three matches for this haplotype. The match in Syria is suspect because it might reflect convergence

with a non-R1b haplotype, but the matches in Argentina and Northern Italy make sense. Those suggest that this haplotype

may have originated among the Iberian or Celtic peoples of southwest Europe. The DYS392 value of 12 is most likely a local

mutation from 13, and the original signature a variant of the Atlantic Modal Haplotype.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	14	30	24	11	12	13	11	15

Geographical Locale

Syria

.88

Mendoza, Argentina [European]

.78

Tuscany, Italy

.46

R1b DYS392=12 Haplotype #3

Since DYS392 values of 12 are highly atypical of R1b, the results below are difficult to interpret. The Hispanic

matches could reflect the Iberian origin of British R1b - or they could simply be the result of convergence with non-R1b

haplotypes common among Native Americans. The German match appears legitimate however, and suggests

that an Anglo-Saxon origin is as possible as a prehistoric Iberian one.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	13	29	24	12	12	13	11	14

Geographical Locale

Pennsylvania, USA [Hispanic-American]

3.13

Connecticut, USA [Hispanic-American]

1.89

Halle, Germany [Germany]

.85