Haplogroup I1c
Scientists believe that haplogroup I originated with the Gravettian culture of Paleolithic Europe.
A newly identified subclade, I1c, which has occasionally been mistaken for a variant of haplogroup G
in previous studies, occurs in parts of Northern Ireland and Western Scotland, as well as in the Northern
Germanic parts of Europe.
Like I1a, I1c is believed to have originated during the Paleolithic, and to have taken refuge
from the Ice Age in Iberia. Afterwards, it spread into other portions of Europe,
especially The Low Countries, Germany and, possibly, the British Isles.
Many of the Celts who colonized the British Isles from continental Europe may have
belonged to I1c. I1c may even have come to the British Isles far earlier.
The Caledonians, a Pictish tribe that was defeated by Agricola at the battle of
Mons Graupius, were described as Germanic in appearance. Other tribes were
described as dark and Iberian. This anecdotal evidence of an ethnic difference
among the aborigines of Britain does suggest a mixture of haplogroups in their ancestry.
It also supports the coexistence of both "Iberian" R1b and "Germanic" I1c on British
soil prior to either Roman or Anglo-Saxon colonization.
(For more information on the various subclades of haplogroup I, read this excellent study.)
I1c Haplotype #34
The haplotype below has an unusually low DYS390 value of 20, which puts it in some danger of converging with
either G or even E3a haplotypes. It has two solid matches nonetheless, in one region that is typically "Celtic" and
in another that is clearly Germanic. Both identifications are typical of I1c.
This haplotype could either be of Anglo-Saxon or Celtic origin.
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Geographical Locale |
% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ireland | .66 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hamburg, Germany | .36 | ||||||||||||||||||
I1c Haplotype #35
The haplotype below has an atypical match pattern for either an I1c haplotype - which is classically
"Germanic" or "Celtic" - or an I1b haplotype - which is most commonly Southeastern European.
One wonders whether or not this haplotype belongs instead to the related subclade known in the Rootsi
paper as I1b2. This is found in Spain and Sardinia, and some have hypothesized that is of Paleolithic
origin.
This haplotype may have come to Britain with the Romans or the Iberians.
I1c Haplotype #36
Since the European population of Argentina is decidedly mixed, the only relevant match here is
the one in Gotland. This suggests that the haplotype has a Northern European origin, and may have
come to Britain with the Danes, the Vikings or the Anglo-Saxons.
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Geographical Locale |
% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gotland, Sweden | 2.44 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rio Negro, Argentina [European] | .45 | ||||||||||||||||||
I1c Haplotype #37
This haplotype exhibits strong match frequencies in Scandinavia, the Netherlands and England.
It most likely came to Britain with the Norse Vikings, the Danes or the Anglo-Saxons.
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Geographical Locale |
% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Blekinge, Sweden | 4.76 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Friesland, Netherlands | 2.27 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Iceland | 1.32 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Leiden, Netherlands | 1.04 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Birmingham, England | 1.03 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brussels, Belgium | .80 | ||||||||||||||||||
I1c Haplotype #38
This haplotype is very rare, with its closest match falling in a U.S. sample that isn't even differentiated by region.
All we can see is that it probably originated in Europe.
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Geographical Locale |
% | ||||||||||||||||||
| USA [European-American] | .39 | ||||||||||||||||||
I1c Haplotype #39
The haplotype below is also extremely rare. Even when we don't qualify our search by DYS389i,ii and DYS385a,b
values, we find only one match - among Colombians of European descent. The haplotype is most likely of Western
European origin. Other than that, YHRD can tell us nothing.
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Geographical Locale |
% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bogota, Colombia [European] | .68 | ||||||||||||||||||
I1c Haplotype #40
The haplotype below was found only in a single Swedish sample in YHRD. This suggests an origin among
the Vikings, or possibly among earlier migrants from Scandinavia.
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Geographical Locale |
% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Varmland, Sweden | 2.38 | ||||||||||||||||||
I1c Haplotype #41
The haplotype below is the closest approximation to a Border Reiver signature whose best I1c matches in the
FTDNA database fall in the British Isles, Denmark and Germany. In YHRD, however, the only matches appear to be
convergent haplotypes belonging to East Asian haplogroup O.
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Geographical Locale |
% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Minnan, China [Han] | .91 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Singapore [Han] | .24 | ||||||||||||||||||