I1a Haplotype #45

The haplotype below is only slightly different from the one above, and its match pattern is similar. The high frequency

match in the Caucasus is most likely Russian in origin, and the match in Lyon may be Norman or Gothic. Otherwise,

this haplotype retains the circum-Baltic orientation of the other, and most likely came to Britain with the Norse.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 13 30 23 10 11 13 14 14
Geographical Locale	%
Caucasus [Chechenian]	5.26
Gotland, Sweden	2.44
Lyon, France	.80
Tartu, Estonia	.75
Cologne, Westphalia	.74
Berlin, Brandenburg	.18

I1a Haplotype #46

The haplotype below is essentially Germanic, and probably came to Britain with the Anglo-Saxons.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 12 29 22 10 11 13 13 13
Geographical Locale	%
Dresden, Saxony	1.16
Lyon, France	.80
Halle, Saxony	.43
Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemburg	.22

I1a Haplotype #47

The relevant matches for the haplotype below are those in Sweden, Finland and Germany. Either an Anglo-Saxon,

Danish or Norse Viking origin is feasible.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 16 13 29 22 10 11 13 - -
Geographical Locale	%
Vasterbotten, Sweden	2.44
London, England [Indo-Pakistani]	.40
Munich, Bavaria	.36
Finland	.25
Berlin, Brandenburg	.18

I1a Haplotype #48

The only European match in the table below that does not fall in Scandinavia is from Rostock, which is on the Baltic coast.

This haplotype most likely came to Britain with the Norse Vikings or the Danes.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 16 12 28 22 10 11 13 13 14
Geographical Locale	%
Varmland, Sweden	4.65
Uppsala, Sweden	3.51
Oslo, Norway	3.03
Oregon [European-American]	2.86
Eastern Norway	2.35
Sweden	.99
Finland	.25
Rostock, Germany	.14

I1a Haplotype #49

The haplotype below is probably a local variation of a more common I1a haplotype whose DYS390 value

had originally been 22 or 23. Taken as it is, it is very rare in YHRD. The match in Egypt is most likely the

result of convergence with an E3a haplotype, but the matches in Northern Italy and Poland make sense.

This haplotype is vaguely Germanic in origin, and may have come to Britain with the Angles, Saxons or

other Germanic peoples. There is no evidence that it appears in Scandinavia.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 15 12 - 24 10 11 13 14 15
Geographical Locale	%
Egypt	1.20
Marche, Italy	.93
Lublin, Poland	.41

I1a Haplotype #50

The highest match frequencies for the haplotype below fall in Sweden, but the match pattern is not overwhelmingly

Scandinavian. There are many low frequency matches in Germany, and a medium frequency match in Belgium.

There are no matches in Norway. This haplotype most likely came to Britain with the Anglo-Saxons, the Danes or

the Flemish - rather than with the Norse Vikings, although that is also a possibility.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 13 29 22 10 11 13 13 14
Geographical Locale	%
Ostergotland/Jonkoping, Sweden	2.38
Uppsala, Sweden	1.75
Greenland [Inuit]	1.43
Miercurea Ciuc, Romania [Szekely]	1.10
Illinois [European-American]	.85
El Salvador	.83
Brussels, Belgium	.80
Muenster, Germany	.51
Greifswald, Germany	.48
Cologne, Germany	.43
Halle, Germany	.43
Central Portugal	.41
Denmark	.40
USA [European-American]	.39
Sweden	.25
Freiburg, Germany	.23
Argentina [European]	.16
Leipzig, Germany	.12

I1a Haplotype #51

The only match for this haplotype falls in Northeast Germany, which is consistent with Anglo-Saxon ancestry.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 12 - 23 9 11 13 14 15
Geographical Locale	%
Leipzig, Germany	.12

I1a Haplotype #52

Most of the matches for this haplotype fall in Eastern Europe, with one match in Denmark. This haplotype may

have come to Britain with the Anglo-Saxons or the Danes. On the other hand, it could have come to the Borders

region with Roman auxiliaries, many of whom came from Pannonia (now Hungary), Dalmatia (part of Croatia),

and other portions of the trans-Danubian frontier.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 12 28 22 10 11 13 14 16
Geographical Locale	%
Szeged, Hungary	2.00
Zagred, Croatia	.67
Ljubljana, Slovenia	.55
Lublin, Poland	.41
Denmark	.40

I1a Haplotype #53

The top frequencies below fall in Friesland, Sweden and Norway, but there are several others in Belgium, France

and Germany. This haplotype could be of either Anglo-Saxon, Danish, Norse Viking, Norman or Flemish origin.

It is not likely to be native to the pre-Roman inhabitants of Britain.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 13 29 22 10 11 13 14 14
Geographical Locale	%
Friesland, Netherlands	2.27
Skarasborg, Sweden	2.13
Central Norway	2.08
Bulgaria [Romani]	1.23
Brussels, Belgium	.80
Lyon, France	.80
Dusseldorf, Germany	.67
Muenster, Germany	.51
USA [European American]	.39
Leipzig, Germany	.12

I1a Haplotype #54

The haplotype below is found mostly in Scandinavia and Eastern Europe, with one match in Hamburg.

It most likely came to Britain with the Norse Vikings, the Danes or the Anglo-Saxons. It could also have

come to, say, the Borders region with Frisian, Batavian or German troops serving in the Roman army.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 12 29 22 10 11 13 14 15/16
Geographical Locale	%
Southern Norway	4.00
Ploiesti, Romania	2.78
Illinois [European-American]	.85
Sweden	.49
Lublin, Poland	.40
Hamburg, Germany	.36

I1a Haplotype #55

The highest frequency matches for the haplotype below fall in Northern Italy, Russia, Macedonia and among Indians

in Singapore. Since this haplotype is rare among I1a signatures in that the value of DYS385a is unusually low, some

of these matches could be the result of convergence with R1a haplotypes.

If these matches are legitimate I1a haplotypes, they could have originated in Northeast Germany and spread

with the Goths to Russia and the Balkans - although it is hard to see how I1a could have gotten to India, save for

the influence of the British Raj.

The matches in Denmark and Germany are more typical of an I1a haplotype, and clearly suggest an

origin among the Anglo-Saxons or the Danes.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 12 28 22 10 11 13 12 13
Geographical Locale	%
Umbria, Italy	1.96
Wladiwostok, Russia [European]	.68
Macedonia	.67
Singapore [Indian]	.55
Denmark	.40
USA [European-American]	.39
Magdeburg, Germany	.35
Freiburg, Germany	.23
Berlin, Germany	.18

I1a Haplotype #56

The haplotype below runs the danger of converging with R1b haplotypes in YHRD, due to the DYS392 value of 13.

Unfortunately, we cannot filter YHRD haplotypes using a DYS388 value of 14 - which is typical of I1a - so the best

we can do is use all the marker values available to us and hope for the best.

As it happens, this rare haplotype has only one European match. It falls in Saxony, which is consistent with the

range of I1a and hints at an Anglo-Saxon or Danish origin.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 12 28 23 10 13 13 14 15
Geographical Locale	%
Maryland [European-American]	1.56
Chemnitz, Germany	.12

I1a Haplotype #57

The haplotype below is very rare, due to its relatively low DYS385a,b values. The single match near Rome, Italy

is atypical of an I1a, but probably reflects the Germanic component in the Italian population.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 12 28 23 10 11 13 12 13
Geographical Locale	%
Latium, Italy	.45

I1a Haplotype #58

The matches below include two in Germany and one in London, in addition to one in Sardinia - which may be the

result of convergence with a I1b2 haplotype, since I1b2 is common in Sardinia. This haplotype most likely came to

Britain with the Anglo-Saxons or another group of Germanic origin.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 14 12 28 22 10 11 14 12 14
Geographical Locale	%
Mainz, Germany [German]	1.92
Northern Sardinia, Italy [Italian]	1.00
London, United Kingdom [English]	.35

I1a Haplotype #59

There is no reason to believe this haplotype is not northern Germanic, despite the paucity of matches.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b 16 12 29 23 10 11 13 14 15
Geographical Locale	%
Muenster, Germany [German]	.51