I1a Haplotype #34

Three of the five highest European frequencies for the haplotype below fall in

Portugal and Galicia, with Netherlands and Hungary coming in at second and fourth, respectively.

This haplotype was probably introduced to Iberia by the Visigoths

or the Suevi. Other matches include several in Eastern Europe and

Southern Italy, in addition to those in Germany. These corroborate the

possibility of an origin among the wandering Germanic tribes of the fifth

and sixth centuries.

It most likely came to Britain with the Anglo-Saxons, but - since it

undoubtedly occurred among the Goths as well - it could also

have come to Britain with Roman troops.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	12	28	23	10	11	13	133	15

Geographical Locale	%
Southern Portugal	2.68
Texas [European-American]	1.28
Netherlands	1.15
Madeira, Portugal	1.02
Cape Town, South Africa [European]	1.00
Szeged, Hungary	1.00
Santiago de Compostela, Galicia	.97
Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate	.96
New York City [European-American]	.65
Bydgoszcz, Poland	.60
Lombardy, Italy	.55
Budapest, Hungary	.52
Warsaw, Poland	.42
Northern Portugal	.32
Sao Paulo, Brazil [European]	.22
Berlin, Brandenburg	.18
Leipzig, Saxony	.15
Chemnitz, Saxony	.12

I1a Haplotype #35

The highest frequency here falls in Northwestern Italy - Goth territory, with

regards to I1a. It also occurs in Friesland, Norway, Germany, and (presumably)

as a Danish admixture among the Inuit.

This haplotype almost certainly came to Britain with the Danes,

the Norse or the Anglo-Saxons.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	12	28	22	10	11	14	13	13

Geographical Locale	%
Liguria, Italy	2.47
Friesland, Netherlands	2.27
Central Norway	2.08
Greenland [Inuit]	1.42
Eastern Hungary [Roma]	1.41
Eastern Norway	1.18
Dusseldorg, Westphalia	.67

I1a Haplotype #36

Virtually all the matches for the haplotype below fall among Dutch or German

samples. We can conclude that this haplotype most likely came to Britain with

the Anglo-Saxons.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	12	28	22	10	11	14	13	14

Geographical Locale	%
Limburg, Netherlands	2.00
Maryland [European-American]	1.56
Dusseldorf, Westphalia	1.33
Zagreb, Croatia	1.33
Netherlands	1.15
Cape Town, South Africa [European]	1.00
Hamburg, Germany	.88
Tyrol, Austria	.87
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg	.69
Switzerland	.67
Bialystok, Poland	.55
Munster, Westphalia	.51
Munich, Bavaria	.40
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt	.35
Chemnitz, Saxony	.24
Sao Paulo, Brazil [European]	.22
Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemburg	.22
Berlin, Brandenburg	.18
Leipzig, Saxony	.15

I1a Haplotype #37

The match pattern for the haplotype below is sparse and scattered.

It suggests all manner of Germanic origins - Goths in Bulgaria,

Flemish from Belgium, or Saxons from Saxony.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	12	28	22	10	11	15	-	-

Geographical Locale	%
Bulgaria	.82
Brussels, Belgium	.80
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt	.35

I1a Haplotype #38

The haplotype below is very rare. The single suggests that, as an I1a,

this haplotype was associated with the Germanic tribes that settled in Northern

Italy during the first milennium.

This haplotype, as an I1a, may have come to Britain with Anglo-Saxons or

Scandinavians, but it may also have arrived with Roman troops of Germanic descent.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
13	12	28	23	11	11	13	14	15

Geographical Locale	%
Latium, Italy	.45

I1a Haplotype #39

The haplotype below is very rare, but its single match is in Saxony,

and similar haplotypes also have a largely Germanic match pattern.

This haplotype is most likely of Anglo-Saxon origin.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
15	12	29	22	10	11	13	12	15

Geographical Locale	%
Leipzig, Saxony	.15

I1a Haplotype #40

The haplotype below is very common, but has an unusual range for an I1a haplotype.

Of the top fifteen European match frequencies, the two highest fall in Greece, followed by

five locales in Norway and Sweden. Portugal appears at number 8, and the final seven

include four in Germany, and one each in Poland, Bulgaria and Sweden.

There are many other matches in Hungary, Romania, the Ukraine, Slovenia, Croatia,

Spain and Northern Italy. One is tempted to believe that this haplotype was

spread to these farflung portions of Europe with the migrations of the Eastern

Germanic tribes - especially the Goths.

This haplotype is strongly oriented to Eastern as well as Northern Europe, and

may have originated in the vicinity of the Baltic. It could have been absorbed by the

Saxons, and it could certainly have come to Britain with the Norse, the Normans

or the Danes. The distinctly Gothic match pattern suggests that it might also

have come to Britain with Roman auxiliaries from Eastern Europe.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	12	28	23	10	11	13	13	14

Geographical Locale	%
Epirus, Greece	7.14
Thessaly, Greece	6.67
Eastern Norway	3.53
Blekinge, Sweden	2.38
Ostergotland/Jonkoping, Sweden	2.38
Northern Norway	2.22
Skaraborg, Sweden	2.13
Madeira, Portugal	2.04
Cape Town, South Africa [European]	2.00
Dusseldorf, Westphalia	2.00
Krakow, Poland	1.87
Uppsala, Sweden	1.75
Berlin, Brandenburg	1.64
Bulgaria [Turks]	1.64
Maryland [European-American]	1.56
Cologne, Westphalia	1.48
Rostock, Mecklenburg	1.48
Sweden	1.41
Eastern Hungary [Roma]	1.41
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt	1.33
Zagreb, Croatia	1.20
Moscow, Russia	1.18
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg	1.15
Budapest, Hungary	1.03
Strasbourg, Alsace	1.01
Athens, Greece	.99
Romania	.98
Greifswald, Pomerania	.96
Mainz, Rhenish-Palatinate	.96
Lausanne, Switzerland	.93
Marche, Italy	.93
Tyrol, Austria	.87
Chemnitz, Saxony	.85
Ljubljana, Slovenia	.83
Wroclaw, Poland	.83
Leipzig, Saxony	.76
Finland	.75
Valencia, Spain	.71
Bydgoszcz, Poland	.59
Kiev, Ukraine	.55
Munster, Westphalia	.51
Latium, Italy	.45
Warsaw, Poland	.42
Stuttgard, Baden-Wurttemburg	.22
Gdansk, Poland	.18

I1a Haplotype #41

The haplotype below is very rare, but its single match in Austria is not inconsistent with an Anglo-Saxon origin.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	12	31	22	10	11	14	-	-

Geographical Locale	%
Graz, Austria	1.53

I1a Haplotype #42

The haplotype below is also rare, but the matches in the Netherlands and Sweden suggest an origin among the

Danes, the Anglo-Saxons, the Flemish or the Norse.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	12	27	23	10	11	13	-	-

Geographical Locale	%
Groningen, Netherlands	2.17
Sweden	.25

I1a Haplotype #43

The top frequencies for the haplotype below fall in the Azores, Sweden and the Netherlands, but the rest of the

matches are all in Germany and the British Isles. The matches in the Azores are themselves probably with the

descendants of English traders or seafarers, or of the Suevi and Visigoths who controlled Portugal during the third

quarter of the first millennium.

This haplotype most likely came to Britain with the Anglo-Saxons or the Danes.

19	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	385a	385b
14	12	27	22	10	11	13	13	13/14

Geographical Locale