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Haplogroup I1a

Scientists believe that haplogroup I originated with the Gravettian culture of Paleolithic Europe. One subclade,

known as I1a, is common among Icelandic populations, and is generally considered to indicate Scandinavian or

Anglo-Saxon ancestry when it is found in a person of British descent.

I1a is currently believed to have originated during the Paleolithic, and to have taken refuge from the

Ice Age in Iberia. Afterwards, it spread northeast into other portions of Europe, such as The Low Countries,

Germany and Scandinavia.

(For more information about Haplogroup I and its various subclades, read this excellent study.)

I1a Haplotype #21

This haplotype is rare, but most likely has a Viking origin.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 12 31 23 10 11 13 - -

Geographical Locale

 %
Blekinge, Sweden 2.38

I Haplotype #22

The six top frequencies for this haplotype include Sweden, Norway, Hamburg,

Denmark and the Netherlands. This haplotype could easily have either a Norse

Viking, a Danish or an Anglo-Saxon origin.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 13 29 22 10 11 13 - -

Geographical Locale

 %
Gotland, Sweden 2.44
Vasterbotten, Sweden 2.44
Central Norway 2.08
Hamburg, Northern Germany 1.75
Missouri [European-American] 1.69
Denmark 1.59
Netherlands 1.15
Tyrol, Western Austria .87
Sweden .74
Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemburg .65
Turkey .63
Argentina [European] .33
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .23

I1a Haplotype #23

This haplotype exhibits its highest frequency in Scandinavia. However, since

nearly all of the rest of the matches occur in The Netherlands and Saxony, it is

hard not to conclude that this haplotype most likely came to Britain with the

Danes or the Anglo-Saxons.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
14 12 28 22 10 11 13 13 16

Geographical Locale

 %
Gotland, Sweden 4.88
Limburg, Netherlands 2.00
Leiden, Netherlands 1.04
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt .35
Chemnitz, Saxony .24
Sao Paulo, Brazil [European] .22

I1a Haplotype #24

The top frequency here is among the Ossetians, but that probably reflects a Gothic

admixture among the Alans. The next three highest frequencies occur in Norway,

followed by Puglia, which was once a Norman possession.

Many of the other hits occur in Eastern Europe and Northern Italy, which

suggests that it was carried to other parts of Europe by the Heruls or the Rugians

before their return to Scandinavia.

This haplotype also occurs in London at a healthy rate, but most likely came

to Britain with the Vikings.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 12 29 22 10 11 13 13 14

Geographical Locale

 %
Digora, Caucasus [Ossetian] 3.23
Oslo, Norway 3.03
Central Norway 2.08
Western Norway 1.56
Puglia, Italy 1.43
Bern, Switzerland 1.09
Marche, Eastern Italy .93
London, England .81
Bydgoszcz, Northern Poland .59
Budapest, Hungary .51
Tuscany, Central Italy .46
Warsaw, Central Poland .42
Sweden .25
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .23
Berlin, Brandenburg .18

I1a Haplotype #25

Norway has the highest frequency here, so a Viking origin is certainly

possible. Other top matches include the Netherlands, Strasbourg

and Western Switzerland. These may indicate a connection with the

Suebi, the Burgundians or the Flemish. Lombardy also appears, as

do parts of Eastern Europe that were occupied by Goths early in the

first millennium.

This haplotype may have come to Britain through a variety of

sources - Vikings, Normans, Flemish or Roman troops of

Germanic descent.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 12 30 22 10 11 13 - -

Geographical Locale

 %
Northern Norway 2.22
Connecticut [Hispanic-American] 1.92
West Africa 1.26
Netherlands 1.15
Strasbourg, Alsace 1.01
Lausanne, Switzerland .93
Pakistan [Brahui] .91
Bulgaria .82
Pakistan [Sindhi] .82
Zagreb, Croatia .67
Lombardy, Italy .55
Warsaw, Poland .42
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .23

I1a Haplotype #26

Sweden takes the lion's share of matches for this haplotype, although The

Netherlands and North Germany also appear. This could have a Danish,

Anglo-Saxon or Norse Viking origin.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
14 12 28 22 10 11 13 12 14

Geographical Locale

 %
Indiana [European-American] 2.94
Blekinge, Sweden 2.38
Varmland, Sweden 2.33
Limburg, Netherlands 2.00
Cape Town, South Africa [European] 1.00
New York City [European-American] .65
Antioquia, Colombia [European] .49
Sweden .49
Berlin, Brandenburg .36