Search billions of records on Ancestry.com
   

Haplogroup I1

Scientists believe that haplogroup I originated with the Gravettian culture of Paleolithic Europe. One subclade,

known as I1, is common among Icelandic populations, and is generally considered to indicate Scandinavian or

Anglo-Saxon ancestry when it is found in a person of British descent.

I1 is currently believed to have originated during the Paleolithic, and to have taken refuge from the

Ice Age in Iberia. Afterwards, it spread northeast into other portions of Europe, such as The Low Countries,

Germany and Scandinavia.

(For more information about Haplogroup I and its various subclades, read this excellent study.)

I1 Haplotype #11

The partial haplotype is quite common, but unquestionably indicates a Scandinavian origin.

It most likely entered the Border Reiver population with the Norse Vikings, but could

have arrived with the Danes or the Normans.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 12 28 22 10 11 13 - -

Geographical Locale

 %
Eastern Norway 5.88
Vasterbotten, Sweden 4.88
Zeeland, Southwestern Netherlands 4.34
Denmark 3.77
Oslo, Norway 3.03
Sweden 2.96
Oregon [European-American] 2.86
Texas [Hispanic-American] 2.70
Gotland, Sweden 2.44
Blekinge, Sweden 2.38
Ostergotland Jonkoping, Sweden 2.38
Northern Norway 2.22
Skaraborg, Sweden 2.13
Central Norway 2.08
Limburg, Southern Netherlands 2.00
Missouri [African-American] 1.79
Uppsala, Sweden 1.75
Brussels, Belgium 1.60
Western Norway 1.56
Munster, Westphalia 1.53
Vienna, Austria 1.52
Pennsylvania [European-American] 1.49
Dresden, Saxony 1.47
Belorussia 1.45
Greenland [Inuit] 1.45
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg 1.39
New York City [European-American] 1.29
Texas [European-American] 1.28
Bulgaria [Romani] 1.23
Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate .96
Lausanne, Western Switzerland .93
Barcelona, Catalonia .89
Hamburg, Northern Germany .88
Veneto, Northern Italy .83
Finland .75
Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemburg .65
Leipzig, Saxony .61
Bydgoszcz, Northern Poland .59
Lombardy, Northern Italy .55
Budapest, Hungary .51
Greifswald, Pomerania .48
Latium, Italy .45
Munich, Bavaria .39
Chemnitz, Saxony .37
Gdansk, Northern Poland .37
Berlin, Brandenburg .36
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt .35
Sao Paulo, Brazil [Europeans] .22

I1 Haplotype #12

This haplotype appears in numerous Scandinavian locales, but could also be

Flemish - as it appears in Limburg and Brussels - or Anglo-Saxon - as it

appears in several German locales as well.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 12 28 22 10 11 13 13 14

Geographical Locale

 %
Vasterbotten, Sweden 4.88
Oslo, Norway 3.03
Texas [Hispanic-American] 2.70
Gotland, Sweden 2.44
Skaraborg, Sweden 2.13
Central Norway 2.08
Limburg, Southern Netherlands 2.00
Sweden 1.73
Western Norway 1.56
Pennsylvania [European-American] 1.49
New York City [European-American] 1.29
Eastern Norway 1.18
Munster, Westphalia 1.02
Barcelona, Catalonia .89
Brussels, Belgium .80
Finland .75
Bydgoszcz, Northern Poland .59
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .46
Munich, Bavaria .39
Gdansk, Northern Poland .37
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt .35
Chemnitz, Saxony .24
Leipzig, Saxony .15

I1 Haplotype #13

This haplotype exhibits most of its highest frequencies in Scandinanivia, but also

has some hits in The Netherlands and Germany. Either a Scandinavian , Flemish

or an Anglo-Saxon origin is possible.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 12 28 22 10 11 13 14 14

Geographical Locale

 %
Zeeland, Southwestern Netherlands 4.34
Oregon [European-American] 2.86
Blekinge, Sweden 2.38
Eastern Norway 2.35
Northern Norway 2.22
Uppsala, Sweden 1.75
Dresden, Saxony 1.47
Lausanne, Western Switzerland .93
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .69
Budapest, Hungary .51
Latium, Italy .45
Sweden .25
Berlin, Brandenburg .18

I Haplotype #14

There is not a lot of data for this haplotype, but it appears Scandinavian, and may

have a Danish origin.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 12 28 22 11 11 13 13 14

Geographical Locale

 %
Denmark 1.59
Sweden .25

I Haplotype #15

This haplotype does not appear to be either Scandinavian or Anglo-Saxon.

The hits in Brussels and Leiden suggest a Flemish origin - possibly with

Sephardic connections as well. The high frequency in East

Timor may be due to Dutch settlement of Indonesia,

or it could just be convergence.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 13 29 22 10 11 14 - -

Geographical Locale

 %
East-Timor [Melanesia] 3.62
Connecticut [Hispanic-American] 1.92
Texas [Hispanic-American] 1.35
Leiden, Western Netherlands 1.04
Brussels, Belgium .80
New York City [African-American] .67
Turkey .63
Sao Paulo, Brazil [Europeans] .45
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .23

I1 Haplotype #16

Of the ten highest European frequencies for this haplotype, three fall in

Scandinavia, three fall in southeastern Europe, two fall in Germany and

one falls in the Netherlands. The match pattern suggests a connection

with the Goths, but the haplotype most likely came to Britain with the

Vikings. Three of the four top frequencies are Scandinavian.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
14 12 29 22 10 11 13 13 14

Geographical Locale

 %
Oregon [European-American] 2.86
Ljubljana, Slovenia 2.48
Gotland, Sweden 2.44
Oregon [Hispanic-American] 2.38
Eastern Norway 2.35
Varmland, Sweden 2.33
Virginia [European-American] 1.64
Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemburg 1.29
Texas [European-American] 1.28
Netherlands 1.15
Cape Town, South Africa [European] 1.00
Albania .99
Cantabria, Northern Spain .99
Romania .98
Hamburg, Northern Germany .88
Tyrol, Western Austria .87
Cologne, Westphalia .74
Berlin, Brandenburg .55
Budapest, Hungary .51
Munster, Westphalia .51
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .46
Tuscany, Central Italy .46
Leipzig, Saxony .45
Warsaw, Central Poland .42
London, England .40
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt .35
Sweden .25
Chemnitz, Saxony .24

I1 Haplotype #17

This haplotype exhibits its highest frequencies jointly in Scandinavia and

southeastern Europe. It appears to have spread by Gothic expansion during

the first millennium, and later by Swedish expansion across the Baltic. It

most likely came to Britain with the Vikings.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
14 12 28 22 10 11 13 14 15

Geographical Locale

 %
New York City [European-American] 1.94
Tartu, Estonia 1.50
Baranya, Hungary [Romani] 1.28
Eastern Norway 1.18
Athens, Greece 1.09
Sweden .99
Budapest, Hungary .51
Barcelona, Catalonia .45
Leipzig, Saxony .30
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .23
Chemnitz, Saxony .12

I1 Haplotype #18

This haplotype is overwhelmingly Scandinavian in origin. The matches

with African-Americans and West Africans most likely reflect convergence,

rather than a true genetic relationship.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385a
14 12 29 23 10 11 13 14 15

Geographical Locale

 %
Vasterbotten, Sweden 4.88
Western Norway 3.13
Varmland, Sweden 2.33
Northern Norway 2.22
Texas [African-American] 1.45
Maryland [African-American] 1.37
West Africa 1.27
Eastern Norway 1.18
Adana, Turkey 1.09
Bydgoszcz, Northern Poland .59
Antioquia, Colombia [European] .25
Gdansk, Northern Poland .18

I1 Haplotype #19

This is another "I1" haplotype that apparently converges with haplotypes of

African origin. Otherwise, the haplotype exhibits its highest frequencies in the Baltic

region and Iberia. It was probably spread across Spain by the Goths, although

some of the Spanish matches, too, might actually have come from Africa.

This haplotype most likely came to Britain with the Vikings or the Anglo-Saxons.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
14 12 28 24 10 11 13 - -

Geographical Locale

 %
Louisiana [Hispanic-American] 3.33
Skaraborg, Sweden 2.13
Florida [African-American] 2.08
Greifswald, Pomerania 1.92
Mozambique, Africa 1.79
Asturias, Northern Spain 1.11
Santiago de Compostela, Galicia .97
Choco, Colombia [African] .75
Sweden .75
Tartu, Estonia .75
Andulacia, Southern Spain .61
Leipzig, Saxony .61
Finland .50
Barcelona, Catalonia .45
Latium, Central Italy .45
London, England .40
Chemnitz, Saxony .12

I1 Haplotype #20

This one is hard to interpret. The match pattern in some ways resembles that

for an R1b haplotype, with a large number of hits in Northern Spain, Northern

Italy and Central Europe. Some of these may reflect the movements of the

Germanic tribes, particularly the Goths. Western Norway nonetheless shows

the highest frequency, Paris also appears, and the Normans were active in

both Spain and Italy. This is a possible Norman signature.

19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b
15 12 29 23 10 11 13 - -

Geographical Locale

 %
Missouri [African-American] 3.57
Maryland [European-American] 1.56
Western Norway 1.56
Budapest, Hungary 1.52
Texas [African-American] 1.45
Zagreb, Croatia 1.33
Caceres, Central-West Spain 1.09
Cantabria, Northern Spain .99
Santiago de Compostela, Galicia .97
Lausanne, Western Switzerland .93
Paris, France .92
Pakistan [Brahui] .91
Tyrol, Western Austria .87
Veneto, Northern Italy .83
Tuscany, Central Italy .46
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt .35
Argentina [European] .33
Cheonan, South Korea .32
Sweden .25
Leipzig, Saxony .15