Haplotypes By Haplogroup

To see near matches for these haplotypes in samples from other countries, ranked in

order of frequency, click on the "View" link in the column with the heading "YHRD Matches".

Please note the following:

1) The YHRD database contains only partial haplotypes for which no haplogroup

has been formally assigned.

2) For "Border Reiver" haplotypes that had no exact matches in the YHRD database,

we have displayed the near matches - or partial haplotypes stripped of the markers

with the highest mutation rates (e.g., DYS385a,b).

3) We display the YHRD haplotypes in the standard YHRD format shown below:

DYS19-DYS389i-DYS389ii-DYS390-DYS391-DYS392-DYS393-DYS385a,b

4) We would link to the YHRD database directly if we could, but access to that

database is not always fast or reliable - so we display copies of the data for each

haplotype. You can go to YHRD (now YHRD) to verify, or to get an update on,

this data by clicking on this link: YHRD.

5) Near matches with these unclassified partial haplotypes may sometimes be

the result of genetic drift, in which two originally very different haplotypes

mutated in a way to resemble each other. This is called "convergence" or

"resemblance by state, not by descent".

6) Some of the actual match frequencies may be skewed by the small sizes

of the samples in which the matches appeared.

7) The interpretations provided with the frequency tables are intended to be

speculative and educational, not definitive. Don't take them too seriously.