Haplogroup - FTDNA Kit Number 115563

1-Step Mutations

2-Step Mutations

3 -Step Mutations

4 -Step Mutations

Haplogroup Descriptions

• C1  The C1 lineage is entirely restricted to Japan where it occurs at low frequency.
• F  The supergroup F is the parent haplogroup of G through T. Undifferentiated F lineages are extremely rare and are distributed in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Future work will better resolve the distribution and historical characteristics of this haplogroup. The current expectation in the science world is that branches will ultimately be found to account for all F lineages.
• G  This lineage may have originated in India or Pakistan, and has dispersed into central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The G2a branch of this lineage (containing the P15 mutation) is found most often in the Europe and the Middle East.
• G2a  The G lineage may have originated in India or Pakistan, and has dispersed into central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The G2a branch of this lineage (containing the P15 mutation) is found most often in the Europe and the Middle East.
• I  Haplogroup I dates to 23,000 years ago or longer. Lineages not in branches I1, I2a or I2b are found distributed at low frequency throughout Europe.
• I1  The I1 lineage likely has its roots in northern France. Today it is found most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations in northwest Europe and has since spread down into Central and Eastern Europe, where it is found at low frequencies.
• I2a  The Balkan countries likely harbored this subgroup of I during the Last Glacial Maximum. Today, this branch is found distributed in the Balkans and Eastern Europe, and extends further east with Slavic-speaking populations.
• I2b  The I2b lineage likely has its roots in northern France. Today it is found most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations in Northwest Europe and extends at low frequencies into Central and Eastern Europe.
• J1  Haplogroup J1 is found at highest frequencies in Middle Eastern and north African populations where it most likely evolved. This marker has been carried by Middle Eastern traders into Europe, central Asia, India, and Pakistan. The Cohen modal lineage is found in Haplogroup J1.
• J2  This lineage originated in the northern portion of the Fertile Crescent where it later spread throughout central Asia, the Mediterranean, and south into India. As with other populations with Mediterranean ancestry this lineage is found within Jewish populations.