CONNEAUT TOWNSHIP was organized July 9, 1800, with the
following boundaries: "Beginning at the northeast corner of
Shenango Township; thence northwardly the breadth of eleven
full tracts; thence westwardly the length of eight tracts, together
with the breadth of one tract, to the western boundary of the State;
thereto by the same northwardly to the northwest corner of Shenango
Township, thence by the same to the place of beginning." As thus
constituted it was the middle one of the three original western
townships of Crawford County, and included the south half of present
Conneaut, the southwest corner of Summerhill, the western part of
Summit and Sadsbury, all of Pine and most of North Shenango. By
a re-formation of township lines, in 1829, Conneaut was reduced to
its present limits. It is situated on the western line of the county, and
is bounded on the north by Beaver and Spring Townships, on the east
by Summerhill and Summit,. and on the south by Pine and North
Shenango.
Conneaut was the Indian term applied to the lake in Sadsbury Township.
It signifies "The Snow Place," and was so called, it is supposed, from
the fact that the snow on the frozen lake lingered long after it had
disappeared from the surrounding land. Though the lake was not within
the original bounds of Conneaut Township, the latter doubtless received
its name from this body of water, or from Conneaut Creek.
The surface is level or gently rolling. Paden Creek flows southward
through the western part, and Mill Creek through the eastern part, both
entering Shenango Creek in Pine Township. Along the streams the soil
is a gravelly loam, and beyond it is generally a clay. It produces good
grass and grain; and dairying and stock-raising form the chief vocations
of the people. Red and white oak, beech, hickory and other varieties of
timber densely covered the surface. Hemlock grew in the southwest part.
Its area is 24,492 acres. The population in 1850 was 1,807; in 1860,
1,867; in 1870, 1,729, and in 1880, 1,601. The population of the original
township in 1820 was 562.
Except a narrow strip along the western line, which was owned by the
American Land Company, the township was included within the domain
of the Pennsylvania Population Company. The agent of this latter company
was Jabez Colt, who, in order to stimulate immigration to these lands, in
the sum mer of 1797, or earlier, engaged the services of a half dozen or
more sturdy, young, unmarried immigrants and made an improvement
called Colt's Station, in the eastern part of the township, and probably at
the south end of the dividing line, between Tracts 710 and 711, or in Tract
715. For several years they remained here, but the place did not flourish
and the land agent abandoned the settlement and made another
improvement in what is now Pine Township.
The following statement shows the condition of the Population tracts in
1812, when the company closed its business-the number of the tract,
name of settler, date of contract, number of acres, contracted for and its
final disposition. Each tract contains an area slightly exceeding 400 acres.
Tract 683, Ezekiel Murdock, October 27, 1797, 200 acres, deed granted
Amos Line, assignee of Murdock; 684, Eliphalet Beebe, November 9, 1797,
200 acres, deed granted Amos Line, assignee of Beebe; 685, Samuel
Hungerford, November 9, 1797, 200 acres, slightly improved, then
abandoned; 686, David Smith, November 9, 1797, 200 acres, slightly
improved, then abandoned; same tract, George Cook, March 27, 1805,
100 acres, abandoned; 687, Caleb Luce, September 23, 1797, 100 acres,
settled under contract and deed granted Alexander Johnson, assignee of
Luce. All the above, except the last named, were intruded upon in 1801,
1802 and 1803, but abandoned after a two or three years' settlement.
689, David Luce, September 23, 1797, 200 acres, settlement completed;
690, John Reed, November 7, 1797, 100 acres; 691, Sam Hunt, 200 acres,
and 692, Samuel Hunt, Jr., 100 acres, November 9, 1797, settled three or
four years and abandoned, intruded on in 1801, 1802 and 1803, and since
abandoned; 693, Amos Line, November 9, 1797, 200 acres, settled and
deed granted; 694, John Shotwell, November 20, 1797, improved but
abandoned and settled by an intruder; 695, Daniel Casey, November 9,
1797, 200 acres, deed granted Casey April 11, 1804; 696, Isaac Hunt,
November 9, 1797, 200 acres, settled and deed delivered to Amos Line,
assignee of Hunt; 697, James Reed, November 7, 1797, 200 acres,
settled under contract, and deed granted Ralph Martin; 698, Isaac Parr,
November 9, 1797, 100 acres, settled under contract; 701, John Parr,
November 9, 1807, 200 acres, settlement completed under contract;
702, small improvement under contract and abandoned; 703, William
Burnsides, August 20, 1798, 100 acres, slightly improved and
abandoned, intruded on and again abandoned; 704, Dennis Hughes,
October 7, 1797, 200 acres, settled by an intruder; 705, Robert Martin,
December 2,1809, 100 acres, settled under contract; 706 and 707,
William Latta, April 27, 1805, 100 acres each, settled under contract;
708, William Shotwell, Nov. 20, 1797, 200 acres, deed granted Sbotwell,
but land settled by an intruder; 709, Joshua Duly, Oct. 4, 1799, 200
acres, settled three or four years, abandoned, then settled by intruder;
710 and 711, improved by company, cleared and settled by intruders
three or four years, then abandoned by them; 712, Nathaniel Luce,
September 23, 1797, 200 acres, settled under contract; 714, Jabez
Colt, November 20, 1797, 200 acres, deed granted Colt; 715, improved
for the company, eight acres cleared; 716, Thomas McGuire, September
28,1809, 100 acres, settled under contract; 717, Samuel Fuller, October
23, 1797, 200 acres, settled under contract; 718, William Shotwell,
November 20, 1797, 200 acres, deed granted Shotwell; 719, John
Wilderman, November 7,1797, 200 acres, settled, and deed granted
Isaac Paden; 720, Samuel Hungerford, November 9, 1797, small
improvement under contract settled by an intruder; 721, James Elliston,
October 27, 1797, 200 acres, settled under contract and deed granted
Isaac Paden; 722, Obed Garwood, October 27, 1797, 200 acres, deed
granted Garwood; 723, Thomas Crocket, September 27, 1809, 100 acres,
settled under contract; 724 and 725, Jabez Colt, November 20, 1797,
200 acres each, deeds granted Colt; 726, Moses McCay, November
20, 1797, 200 acres, deed delivered McCay; 727, Thomas Graham,
August 20, 1798, 100 acres, settled under contract; 728, John Taylor,
February 1O, 1810, 100 acres, settled under contract; 729, George
Wilderman, October 19, 1797, 200 acres, deed delivered to William
Shanks, assignee of Wilderman; 730 and 731, wholly unsold; 732,
swamp; 735, Jacob Wilderman, November 7, 1797, 100 acres, small
improvement under contract and abandoned, intruded on and abandoned;
736, Joseph Hayes, November 15, 1797, 200 acres, settled under
contract and deed granted Henry Frey; 739 and 740, settled by intruders;
743, William McKibben, November 20,1797, 200 acres, deed granted
George Davis, assignee of McKibben.
The large number of abandonments and assignments are particularly
noticeable in this township. Pioneer privations were severe and continuous.
The labor of clearing the timber was extremely arduous, and the soil was
often found too low and wet to produce crops. In consequence, most of
those who settled here either sold their claims for the small price they
would command or abandoned them entirely and left the country.
Difficulties with the Land Company also arose, and increased the
discontent and emigration. Many were without means, but did not remove
until they were literally starved out. In more than one instance planted
potatoes were dug up and greedily devoured by these primitive settlers.
The following were tax-paying residents of the township in 1810: Alexander
Johnston, William and Samuel Latta, Robert Martin, John Parr, Samuel
Potter, William and Samuel Rankin, Samuel Brooks, Thomas Crockett,
Henry Frey, Obed Garwood, William Hill, Thomas McGuire and Rebecca
Paden. Alexander Johnson was a native of Ireland, and settled on Tract
687, in the northeast comer of the township, where he remained till death,
leaving five children: William, John, Mary (Lopeman), Jane (McDowell)
and Esther (Crockett). William Latta, also a native of the Emerald Isle,
was a hatter, settled near Penn Line and after a few years removed from
the township. His brothers, Samuel, John and Thomas, were also here,
and made improvements, then departed. Robert Martin, an Irishman,
settled near Steamburg, and resided there till his earthly labors were
ended by death. John Parr afterward removed from the township. Samuel
Potter settled in the northern part about 1799. He came from
Elizabethtown, N. J., with an ox-team, part of his journey lying through
the woods, with only blazed trees as a guide. He put out crops, reared
a cabin, then at the end of the season returned to New Jersey, and the
following spring came again to his new home, where he remained till
his death, at the age of ninety-three years. William and Samuel Rankin
hailed from Ireland. The former located at Penn Line, where he cleared
a large farm and remained till death.
Samuel Brooks came in 1800 from Fayette County, and settled on a
farm of 266 acres in the southeast part of the township. He brought his
goods up French Creek on a flat-boat to Meadville, and thence by land
to within a mile of where he settled. He remained here till death, and
his descendants yet reside in the township. Thomas Crockett was an
Irishman, and settled on Tract 723, where his son now resides. He was
a farmer, and was drowned near Linesville. Henry Frey, of German
extraction, came from York County in 1800. He was an ardent Methodist,
a shoe-maker by trade, and had sixteen children, fifteen of whom
attained maturity. He died on the farm he settled on, Tract 736, and his
descendants still reside in the township. Obed Garwood, brother to
Joseph Garwood, formerly of Summit Township, came from Fayette
County. He was a farmer and millwright, and settled on Tract 722,
where his sons now reside. William Hill settled on Tract 731 in the
southwest part of the township, where he remained till death. Thomas
McGuire settled on Tract 716, but did not remain long.
Isaac Paden came early from Fayette County, and located in the
southwest part, where he remained through life. Samuel Patterson,
bailing from New Jersey, settled on the site of Steamburg, where he
cleared a large farm and spent the remainder of his days.
The township settled slowly. As late as 1830 there were still few settlers
within its bounds, but as the lands were cleared the surface became
drier and more tillable; settlers flocked in, and the well stocked and
highly improved farms of to-day afford to the pioneer a striking contrast
with the desolate appearance of the country fifty years ago.
The first grist and saw-mill was built by Mr. Paden in the southwest
part on Paden's Run prior to 1810. The grist-mill was a small affair,
having but one run of stone, and operated only at intervals, when a
sufficient head of water had accumulated to run the mill. Obed Garwood
also operated an early grist-mill. A carding-mill was formerly owned and
operated for a number of years by Thomas Logan.
Thomas McGuire, an Irishman, probably taught the first school about
1810, in a cabin which stood near the deserted Colt's Station. A year
or two later Samuel Garwood held a term in the southeast part of the
township. Educational advantages, however, were extremely meager.
A schoolhouse was built in 1818 two miles south of the center near
the Crockett Schoolhouse. It was a log building 14xl6, with stick and
mud chimney, fire place at one side, door on opposite side and hung
on wooden hinges, puncheon floor, windows 20x30 inches, cut through
the logs, with greased paper in place of glass, and the entire building
constructed without iron nails. Messrs. Smith, Spaulding and Marshall
were its early teachers. The wages averaged about $8 per month, and
payment was made in pork, butter, potatoes and other commodities.
In 1820 a similar house was built at Penn Line, and the year following
another, a mile northeast of Summit Station.
An early society of Friends or Quakers had existence in the township.
It included in its membership Stephen and Joseph Fish, Cornelius
Lawson, Amos Line, William Hill, David Ladner, Peter Thorn, Isaac
Paden, John Rushmore, and others to about the number of thirty.
Meetings were held at Mr. Lawson's dwelling until about 1840, when
a log church was erected in the northeast corner of Tract 724, where
the church burial-ground is still preserved. A few years later the
society disbanded.
Frey's Chapel is a Methodist Episcopal Church edifice, located in
the south part of the township. The Class that worships here dates
its origin back to about 1818, when it was organized with eight
members. Meetings were held for many years at the cabin of Henry
Frey and afterward in the schoolhouse, until 1851, when the present
house of worship was erected at a cost of about $1,500. The class
then belonged to Espyville Circuit. It is now a part of Linesville. The
membership is about fifty.
The First Congregational Church of Conneaut was organized with
seven members, May 2, 1833, by Rev. Peter Hassinger. A house
of worship was erected at Conneaut Center in 1841, which was
superseded by the present structure, erected in 1873, at a cost of
$2,500. The first pastor was Rev. Hart; the present one Rev. H. D.
Lowing, who has been in charge many years. The membership is
about twenty-five.
The Methodist Episcopal Church at Steamburg was organized with
about twenty members in 1867, by Rev. R. C. Smith, the first pastor.
The frame church edifice was erected in 1870, at a cost of about
$1,500. The membership is now quite small, not exceeding twenty.
The society formerly was a part of Linesville Circuit, but in 1883
was attached to Spring.
The Erie & Pittsburgh Railroad passes north and south through the
eastern part of the township. Summit, the only station in Conneaut,
is about midway between the north and south line of
the township. A store and a cheese factory are found here, the latter
owned by Charles Corey. Center Road Station Postoffice is located
here.
Penn Line Postoffice is a hamlet in the western part of Conneaut,
consisting of about fifteen dwellings scattered along the road, from
the State line eastward, for a distance of half a mile-a store, hotel,
cheese factory, two blacksmith shops, shoe shop and schoolhouse.
Steamburg Postoffice is a hamlet of similar size in the northern part,
and contains a Methodist Church, schoolhouse, store, blacksmith
shop and cheese factory.
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