YDNA Matches to the Descendants of Angus and Nancy McCutchen MacLeod

The TMRCA calculator, while it has the ability to calculate using the various mutation rates on each marker, works only with that information and not the documentation available to the participant and the project leader. The documentation and Ancestral Modal Haplotypes of family groups within the project can allow us to predict when a mutation (in what generation) occurred and adjust our perspective on a match accordingly - the TMRCA does not have that ability. In other words, where a mutation is known to have occurred SINCE the last common ancestor, it can be ignored in determining relationship. (i.e. my father and our first cousin - see below) but the TMRCA calculator does not have an "ignore" capability and so calculates percentages based on what is a lack of genealogical information.

It is important to remember this when looking at the percentages below.....they are probably higher in most cases and in some cases, perhaps even much higher. To illustrate this point, take a look at my father, Donald Ross McLeod Jr. and his first cousin, Purdy Belvin McLeod Jr. We have first hand knowlege and documentation on a total of 6 generations. Their MRCA is 2 generations distant -

Donald and Purdy shared a grandfather who was born in 1847...the TMRCA, without documentation, is off by 88 years when it predicts a 95% probability to the TMRCA of the two men. The TMRCA calculator gives only a 47.31% chance of a common ancestor in 2-4 generations - read - a common ancestor will be found within 4 generations 47.31% of the time and will not be found in those generations 52.69% of the time.

To again illustrate this discrepancy, and the importance of testing members of your family in order to refine your matches, below is the TMRCA information for our cousin James Leroy McLeod Jr. who shared an ancestor with Donald and Purdy 6 generations distant:

James, Purdy and Donald's MRCA was born 1783 (6 generations back) - 149 years after the TMRCA 95% probality year. The TMRCA calcualtor give only a 16.13% chance of a common ancestor in 4-6 generations.

In some cases the TMRCA will be closer in time then is predicted due to convergence on some markers - in order to fully understand these matches and the many paternal lines found within the related MacLeods, each participant should encourage cousins to test with them.

HINT - if you are one of our matches; use your browser's FIND tool (IE Browser + Edit + Find on this page + enter your kit number)

Note - other kits refers to the number of kits that have the same allele as the kit referenced

Note: YUtility gives one date in table but a date spread in another row - I have included the date spread but the date in bold is the first date given by YUtility - where the date given is within the date range - it is added and enclosed in parenthesis)

Kit 150587 - - Very Tightly Related - Gen Distance 0 @ 37 markers - A descendant of Alexander MacLeod born 1834 at Breakitch, Skye - confirmed as the "farmer's groom" of Donald MacLeod of Arnisdale (ex Glenelg, ex Kingsburgh) at the farm of Coulmore (Ross and Cromarty) as evidenced by the 1861 census - Alexander married Margaret Fraser, a cook at Coulmore Farm on 15 Dec 1864 at Beauly (R & C). They then emigrated to New Zealand in 1865.

Note: I have used 99% with this kit because it reached 95% by 1835 - we know that we did not share an ancestor before the birth of our EKA Angus cr. 1745 in Scotland- therefore the 99% TMRCA is the earliest opportunity for a common ancestor.

FTDNA states: Distance 0 - Very Tightly Related
Your perfect match means you share a common male ancestor with a person who shares your surname (or variant). Your relatedness is extremely close with the common ancestor predicted, 50% of the time, in 3 generations or less and with a 90% probability within 5 generations. Very few people achieve this close level of a match. All confidence levels are well within the time frame that surnames were adopted in Western Europe.

Kit N9281 - Tightly Related - Gen Distance 1 @ 37 markers - EKA was William MacLeod born about 1775 who resided on the Isle of Lewis in the district of Bak (Vatisker) at the birth of his son Norman in 1801. This kit missed a perfect 37 marker match by one; the miss was at marker 464d which is a rapidly moving marker. William MacLeod was seven generations back from the Kit owner, the kit owner was himself born in Scotland. The only mutation in 37 markers is at a fast marker - testing of cousins of this kit could define in which generation the mutation took place..

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 464 14,15,15,16	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	14,15,15,16	To Modal = 1534-1759
N9281	13/29 + 10	14,15,15,17	To us: 95% = 1739
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	464d=unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1709)
Other kits	9 kits	0 kits	~

Distance: 1 - Tightly Related
36/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only one 'point' at only one marker--a 36/37 match. It's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on a previous Y-DNA test and your mismatch will be found within DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb. Very few people achieve this close level of a match. Your mismatch is within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Note: FTDNA expects a miss at 464 to be a second miss - it is not included in their statement until 35/37 match information. It is therefore unusual for a single miss to be at 464.

Kit 36748 - Tightly Related - Gen Distance 2 @ 67 markers - a descendant of a Norman MacLeod born about 1745 in Colbost, nr Dunvegan on the Isle of Skye. He and/or his son Murdo (kit owner descended through this line) were reportedly hereditary galley makers for Chief - Norman The_Red_Man MACLEOD (XXII Chief). The family was apparently removed from their life rent/tenancy in Colbost in 1841 as part of the Clearances which was testified to at the Napier Convention in 1883 by a grandson of Norman, also a Norman (Tormod Dall) who was born in 1801 - some descendants remain in Scotland today including Kit 36748. Tormod Dall had brothers, two of whom immigrated to Australia (Allan and Alexander) and Donald who immigrated to America and became the author of several Gaelic songs. The family are supposed to be of the Raasay Branch and of Clann Alaisdhair Ruaidh, the same branch of which was the poetess Mairi Ni'n Alastair Ruaidh - that branch which was descended from William the fifth chief of Dunvegan ('The Cleric').

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	60 - DYS 446=15	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	60 - DYS 446=15	To Modal = 1534-1759
36748	13/29 + 11	60 - DYS 446=16	To us: 95% = 1739
Other kits	14	1 - 27950	To Modal = 1534-1759
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	stable	~

FTDNA states: Distance: 1-2 - Tightly Related
65-66/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only one or two 'points' at only one marker. It's most likely that you matched 36/37 or 37/37 on a previous Y-DNA test. Very few people achieve this close level of a match. All confidence levels are well within the time frame that surnames were adopted in Western Europe.

Kit: 47096 - Tightly Related - Gen Distance 2 @ 67 markers - A descendant of Roderick MacLeod who was born about 1770 and was a crofter at Seilbost, on the Isle of Harris, near coastal Scarista. The crofts location was stated on his son's death certificate - the son William was born cr. 1810. Although William MacLeod left Harris to move to first Rhum and then Sleat where he died 1895. William possibly had a brother John ( wife Catherine Campbell ) who went to the Red River Settlement in Canada in the 1860’s with his family including children Roderick, Alex, Malcolm, Kirsty, Effie and William.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 449=31	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 449=31	To Modal = 1534-1759
47096	14/30 + 10	DYS 449=30	To us: 95% = 1739
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	7	2	~

Kit: 86240 - Tightly Related - Gen Distance of 2 @ 67 - a descendant of an unnamed immigrant said to be from the Isle of Skye. Immigration took place into Mississippi just prior to the Civil War.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 447=26	DYS 449=31	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 447 = 26	DYS 449=31	To Modal = 1534-1759
86240	13/29 + 10	DYS 447 = 25	DYS 449=32	To us: 95% = 1739
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	9 kits	4 kits	5 kits	~

Kits 32956, 24712 - Related - 2 documented descendants of Angus (or John) MacLeod b. about 1775 and Mary McKinnon who immigrated aboard the Duke of Kent in 1802 to North Carolina - the two men descend from two sons of Angus ( or John) and Mary. They are believed to have sailed with a group of MacLeods that included Murdoch the Sailor (of Milliveig). The two kits are third cousins however, like our own cousin James Leroy McLeod Jr. (Jimmy), one of them is found to have a higher than usual number of mutations in his DNA signature - therefore, I have used Deduced Ancestral Modal of the kits to determine TMRCA at the 67 marker level with the YUtility Tool. Note - The second kit is trying to find a third participant from their family in order to further define their Ancestral Modal and determine when the age of the mutations in this family.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 391=11	DYS 439=12	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 391=11	DYS 439 = 12	To Modal = 1534-1759
32956/24712	13/29 + 11	IGNORED	DYS 439 = 13	To us: 95% =1709
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	stable	stable	To Modal = 1534-1759
Other kits	14 kits	0 kits	3 kits -30097/96	~

Double Mutation (per FTDNA) from the Sub Group B Related Modal - each paternal line experienced a mutation at DYS 391 however each line went in a different direction - this mutation can be ignored since it happened since the two cousins last shared an ancestor.

FTDna states: Distance: 5-6 - Related
61-62/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by five or six 'points'. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is slightly tighter than being 11/12, 23/25, or 33/37, and it's most likely that you matched closely on previous Y-DNA tests. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is not very recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 36109 - Related - Gen. Distance 2 @ 37 markers - a descendant of John C. MacLeod who immigrated from Scotland to Prince Edward Island cr. 1825 "give or take a couple of years". Preliminary research on PEI indicates departure may have been from the Isle of Raasay.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 576	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 576 = 18	To Modal = 1534-1759
36109	13/29 + 11	DYS 576 = 17	To us: 95% = 1709
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	volatile	To modal = 1534-1759
Other kits	14 kits	6 kits	~

Distance: 2 - Related
35/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only two 'points' --a 35/37 match. It's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B,389-1 and 389-2, from our first panel of 12 markers, or from within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe

Kit: 63320 - Related - Gen. Distance 3 @ 37 markers - a gentleman for whom no information is known:

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	To Modal = 1534-1759
63320	15/31 + 9	To us: 95% = 1709
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	To modal = 1534-1759(1709)
Other kits	1 kits	~

Distance: 3 - Related
34/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by three 'points' --a 34/37 match. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is slightly tighter then being 11/12 or 23/25 and it's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests. Your mismatch will most often be found within DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B,389-1 and 389-2 from our first panel of 12 markers, or within the second panel: DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 49409 - Related - Gen Distance of 2 @ 37 markers - a gentleman of whom nothing is known

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS CDYa=37	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS CDYa=37	To Modal = 1534-1759
49409	14/30 + 10	DYS CDYa=36	To us: 95% 1709
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	7	6	~

FTDNA states: Distance: 2 - Related
35/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only two 'points' --a 35/37 match. It's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B, 389-1 and 389-2, from our first panel of 12 markers, or from within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 135999- Related - Gen. Distance 2 @ 37 markers - EKA Norman MacLeod b. 24 March 1802 on the Isle of Harris - He, his wife, Catherine Morrison and 8 children immigrated to North America in 1852 aboard the "Sea Nymph" out of Glasgow- 1851 Scottish census living on the Isle of Harris in a village called Lecklie. Perfect 37/37 to Kit 77417 whose EKA was born on the Isle of Harris - see next kit.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	To Modal = 1534-1759
135999	14/30 + 11	To us: 95% = 1659
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759
Other kits	16 kits	~

FTDNA states:35/37: Related - You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only two 'points' --a 35/37 match. It's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B,389-1 and 389-2, from our first panel of 12 markers, or from within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 77417 - Tightly Related - Gen. Distance 2 @ 67 markers - a descendant of William MacLeod born on the Isle of Harris cr. 1770. His son Neil born on Harris cr 1795 immigrated to Cape Breton around 1838.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	To Modal = 1534-1759
77417	14/30 + 11	To us: 95% 1659
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759
Other kits	16 kits	~

kit 89216 - Related - Gen Distance of 4 @ 67 Markers - EKA - John McLeod Prince Edward Island Canada 1885

37/37 to Kit 144662

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 570=17	DYS#449=31	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 570 = 17	DYS 449=31	To Modal = 1534-1759
89216	13/29 + 11	DYS 570 = 16	DYS 449=33	To us: 95% = 1659
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1709)
Other kits	14 kits	1 kit	2 kit	~

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 144662 - Probably Related- Gen distance of 4 @ 67 -

37/37 to Kit 89216

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 570=17	DYS#449=31	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 570 = 17	DYS 449=31	To Modal = 1534-1759
144662	13/29 + 11	DYS 570 = 16	DYS 449=33	To us: 95% = 1659
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1709)
Other kits	14 kits	1 kit	2 kit	~

kit 40190 - Related - Gen Distance of 3 @ 67 - a descendant of a Norman MacLeod b. cr. 1844 on Prince Edward Island. It is believed that his parents were the immigrants and speculated but not proven that his family may have been part of the Selkirk Settlers from Skye to PEI (cr. 1803)

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 576=18	DYS#CDYa=37	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 576 = 18	DYS CDYa=37	To Modal = 1534-1759
40190	13/29 + 11	DYS 576 = 17	DYS CDYa=36	To us: 95% = 1634
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	volatile	unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1709)
Other kits	14 kits	6 kits	6 kits	~

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 121470- see above kit Gen Distance of 4 @ 67

Gen distance of 1 to kit 40190 - TMRCA for them is 1759 - therefore, 1634 is the more accurate TMRCA to us.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 576=18	DYS#CDYa=37	CDYb=37	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 576 = 18	DYS CDYa=37	CDYb=37	To Modal = 1534-1759
121470	13/29 + 11	DYS 576 = 17	DYS CDYa=36	CDYb=38	To us: 95% = 1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	volatile	unstable	unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	14 kits	6 kits	6 kits	6 kits	~

Distance: 4 - Probably Related
33/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by four 'points' --a 33/37 match. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is about the same as being 11/12 and it's most likely that you matched 23/25 or 24/25 on previous Y-DNA tests. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. If several or many generations have passed it is likely that these two lines are related through other family members. That would require that each line had passed a mutation and one person would have experienced at least 2 mutations. The only way to confirm is to test additional family lines and find where the mutations took place. Only by testing additional family members can you find the person in between each of you...this 'in betweener' becomes essential for you to find, and without him the possibility of a match exists, but further evidence must be pursued. If you test additional individuals you will most likely find that their DNA falls in-between the persons who are 4 apart demonstrating relatedness within this family cluster or haplotype.

kit 27859 - Related - Gen Distance of 3 @ 37 markers-One of the kits involved in the Sandhills, North Carolina DNA Study - a decendant of an Alexander MacLeod b. cr 1747 in Scotland married to Nancy Ann McDonald - the couple immigrated from reportedly the Isle of Skye to Moore County North Carolina cr 1783 with 2 sons and 3 daughters - a 3rd son was born in North Carolina about 1783. The descendants remain in North Carolina today.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 447=26	DYS 576	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 447 = 26	DYS 576 = 18	To Modal = 1534-1759
27859	13/29 + 11	DYS 447 = 25	DYS 576 = 17	To us: 95% = 1634
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	volatile	To modal = 1534-1759(1709)
Other kits	14 kits	4 kits	6 kits	~

Distance: 3 - Related
34/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by three 'points' --a 34/37 match. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is slightly tighter then being 11/12 or 23/25 and it's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests. Your mismatch will most often be found within DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B,389-1 and 389-2 from our first panel of 12 markers, or within the second panel: DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

kit: 50745 - Related - Gen Distance of 3 @ 37 markers-a descendant of John MacLeod, b. 1771, North Uist, Scotland

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 576	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 576 = 18	To Modal = 1534-1759
50745	14/31 + 10	DYS 576 = 19	To us: 95% = 1634
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	volatile	To modal = 1534-1759(1584)
Other kits	0 kits	9 kits	~

Note: Comparing this to a 14/30 & 11 combination TMRCA = To Modal = 1534-1759(1684) i.e. his TMRCA to 77417 would be 1709 - - additionally, testing of cousins may clarify the age of these mutations allowing them to be ignored completely.

Distance: 3 - Related
34/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by three 'points' --a 34/37 match. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is slightly tighter then being 11/12 or 23/25 and it's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests. Your mismatch will most often be found within DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B,389-1 and 389-2 from our first panel of 12 markers, or within the second panel: DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

kit 34079 Related - Gen Distance of 3 @ 37 markers-A gentleman for whom no information is known.

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 576=18	CDYb=37	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 576 = 18	CDYb=37	To Modal = 1534-1759
34079	13/29 + 11	DYS 576 = 17	CDYb=38	To us: 95% = 1634
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	volatile	unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1709)
Other kits	14 kits	6 kits	6 kits	~

Distance: 3 - Related
34/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by three 'points' --a 34/37 match. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is slightly tighter then being 11/12 or 23/25 and it's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests. Your mismatch will most often be found within DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B,389-1 and 389-2 from our first panel of 12 markers, or within the second panel: DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

kit 25196 - Related - Gen Distance of 3 @ 37 markers-This gentleman descends from Alexander I of Liosale in the district of Minginish, who was the son of Norman IV of Waternish, the only survivor of the family of John The Fair Hair of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan. He shares an earlier ancestor in Iain Borb with kit 30097 of Group One. Immigration to the United States took place about 1770 into North Carolina with a later migration into Marlborough County South Carolina. John MacLeod and his wife Jane Hunter had four sons, one born in the United States. Another kit claims a descent from Alexander of Liosale through his son Donald of Drynoch. See Current Conclusions for more.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 576	DYS 464 14,15,15,16	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 576 = 18	14,15,15,16	To Modal = 1534-1759
25196	14/30 + 10	DYS 576 = 19	15,15,15,16	To us: 95% = 1634
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	volatile	464c=Very stable	To modal = 1284-1509(1584)
Other kits	7 kits	10 kits	3 kits	~

Distance: 3 - Related
34/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by three 'points' --a 34/37 match. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is slightly tighter then being 11/12 or 23/25 and it's most likely that you matched 24/25 or 25/25 on previous Y-DNA tests. Your mismatch will most often be found within DYS 439 or DYS 385 A, 385 B, 389-1 and 389-2 from our first panel of 12 markers, or within the second panel: DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. Your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 30097 - Related - Gen Distance of 4 @ 67 - This gentleman descends from the representative branch of the MacLeods of Talisker, his brother currently holds the representation. He is a documented descendant of Leod through the Harris branch of MacLeod.

Unique Mutation Event at marker 67 - This mutation most likely took placed SINCE this kit last shared an ancestor with any other kit in the project - testing of cousins would confirm this. Ignoring this UME TMRCA to Modal = 1709 - To us: = 1634 - testing of known 3rd cousins of this kit could confirm the age of this UME.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 439=12	DYS 565=12	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 439 = 12	DYS 565=12	To Modal = 1534-1759
30097	14/30 + 11	DYS 439 = 13	DYS 565=11	To us: 95% = 1609
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	stable	stable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	16 kits	3 kits	0 kits	~

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 37392 - Probably Related - Gen Distance of 4 @ 37 markers - This gentleman is a member of the family of the Branch of Lewis MacLeods who currently hold the representation of Raasay and Lewis. Therefore, his earliest shared ancestor would be LEOD cr. 1280 or his son (according to Clan History, the Harris and Lewis Branch each descend from one of two grandsons of Leod - the two branches would have formed cr. 1340.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 385a	DYS 464 14,15,15,16	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 385a=11	14,15,15,16	To Modal = 1534-1759
37392	14/30 + 11	DYS 385a=12	14,15,15,15	To us: 95% = 1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	stable	464d=Very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759
Other kits	16 kits		1 kits	~

Kit 99508 - Related - Gen Distance 4 @ 67 - this kit belongs to a man who believed he was a MacLeod although an ancestor was adopted into a family of another name. This belief, based upon oral history and backed by census records in Scotland was confirmed by his matching with other MacLeods in this project.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 464 14,15,15,16	GATH4=11	DYS 576=18	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	14,15,15,16	GATH4=11	DYS 576=18	To Modal = 1534-1759
99508	13/29 + 11	14,15,16,16	GATH4=10	DYS 576=19	To us 95% = 1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	464c=Very stable	stable	volatile	To Modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	14 kits	1 kits	2 kits	10 kits	~

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 77670 - Probably Related - Gen Distance of 4 @ 37 - a Descendant of John McLeod h/o Nancy Campbell b. cr. 1787 in Skinidin, Skye, Scotland farmed in Moore County by 1812 - possibly the son of a Daniel - this kit is a 37 perfect match to Kit 38247 and a 37 distance of 1 to kits 148833 and 127808

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 464 14,15,15,16	DYS#449=31	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	14,15,15,16	DYS 449=31	To Modal = 1534-1759
77670	14/30 + 11	14,14,15,15	DYS 449=32	To us: 95% = 1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	464c=Very stable	very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	16 kits	3 kits	5 kits	~

Kit 38247 - Related - Gen Distance 4 @ 67- The earliest MacLeod ancestor for this kit was a Daniel McLeod born cr 1770 who immigrated from Scotland to Carthage Moore County North Carolina either with his parents or alone. This kit is a 37/37 match to another kit (77670) in the project also of North Carolina - very few people achieve this level of a match - even Donald and Purdy who are documented first cousins did not receive this close of a match. Two additional kits (127808/148833 - NC) share a 66/67 match with kit 38247 - (missing separate markers) also a rare match - these three kits are tightly related to each other.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 464 14,15,15,16	DYS#449=31	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	14,15,15,16	DYS 449=31	To Modal = 1534-1759
38247	14/30 + 11	14,14,15,15	DYS 449=32	To us: 95% = 1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	464c=Very stable	very unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	16 kits	3 kits	5 kits	~

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 63702 - Related - - Gen Distance 4 @ 67 - a gentleman for whom no information is known: See kit below:

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 391=11	DYS 447 =26	GATH4=11	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 391=11	DYS 447 =26	GATH4=11	To Modal = 1534-1759
63702	14/30 + 10	DYS 391=10	DYS 447 =25	GATH4=12	To us: 95% =1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	stable	unstable	stable	To Modal = 1284-1509
Other kits	7 kits	5 kits	4 kits	1 kits	~

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kits: 27949, 27950 - Related - - Gen Distance 4 @ 67 - 2 documented descendants of Norman MacLeod of Scotland who entered the United States through Virginia cr. 1783-1790 and migrated to Gallia County Ohio by 1810. This kit shares a family legend similar to our own.....immigration date and place fits that of our legend. A 25 marker perfect match to Dad and Purdy - the upgraded kit experience two mutations in the 26-37 level and two mutations in the 38 - 67 level - one of the misses in this last group matches a miss by 36748. This kit also experienced a Unique Mutation Event at this final level. Testing of the second kit and perhaps another cousin could shed light on the age of these mutations.

Unique Mutation Event - DYS 444 - This mutation most likely took placed SINCE this kit last shared an ancestor with any other kit in the project - testing of cousins would confirm this. Ignoring this UME = To Modal = 1534-1759(1584) - To us: =1534-1759(1634)

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	CDYb=37	DYS 442=12	DYS 444=12	DYS 446=15	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	CDYb=37	DYS 442=12	DYS 444=12	DYS 446 =15	To Modal = 1534-1759
27949/50	13/29 + 10	CDYb=38	DYS 442=11	DYS 444=13	DYS 446= 16	To us: 95% =1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	very stable	stable	stable	To Modal =1284-1509(1509)
Other kits	9 kits	6 kits	1 kits	0	1 - 36748	~

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

These two were a perfect 25 marker match with Purdy and Donald. Few people achieve this level of closeness. However, when one of these kits upgraded to the 67 marker level of testing 4 markers were missed between marker 26 and 67 resulting in the low percentages shown above, including a Unique Mutation Event at DYS 444 - should the cousin upgrade from 25 - 67 markers, the age of these mutations could be deetermined - should the cousin match the modal alleles of the project, then the mutation(s) could be ignored when determining TMRCA

Kit 50516 - Related - - Gen Distance 4 @ 67 -EKA Malcolm MacLeod, b.c. 1746, Glashvin, Isle of Skye

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 447=26	CDYa=37	DYS 534=16	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 447=26	CDYa=37	DYS 534=16	To Modal = 1534-1759
50516	13/29 + 11	DYS 447=25	CDYa=36	DYS 534=15	To us: 95% =1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	unstable	stable	To Modal =1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	14 kits	4 kits	5 kits	1-137480	~

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

137480 - Related - Gen Distance of 5 @ 67 -

Unique Mutation Event - at YCAIIb - note how this drops his TMRCA from the 1584 of kit 50516 - however, they are a distance of 1 to each other - TMRCA for them = 1634 - therefore, it is most likely that TMRCA from us to this kit is 1584 just as it is with kit 50516.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 447=26	YCAIIb	CDYa=37	DYS 534=16	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 447=26	YCAIIb=23	CDYa=37	DYS 534=16	To Modal = 1534-1759
137480	13/29 + 11	DYS 447=25	YCAIIb=25	CDYa=36	DYS 534=15	To us: 95% =1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	stable	unstable	stable	To Modal =1284-1509(1434)
Other kits	14 kits	4 kits	0	5 kits	1-137480	UME - see above

Kit 81878 - Probably Related - Gen Distance of 3 @ 37 - a descendant of Donald MacLeod born cr. 1730 on the Isle of Harris. Norman MacLeod, a descendant of Donald, b. cr. 1889 in Kilmarnock, Scotland immigrated to Montreal Canada bef. 1912 : See above kit - 63702

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 391=11	GATH4=11	DYS 570	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 391=11	GATH4=11	DYS 570 = 17	To Modal = 1534-1759
81878	14/30 + 10	DYS 391=10	GATH4=12	DYS 570 = 18	To us: 95% = 1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	stable	stable	unstable	To Modal = 1284-1509
Other kits	7 kits	5 kits	1 kits	0 kit	~

Distance: 4 - Probably Related
33/37 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by four 'points' --a 33/37 match. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is about the same as being 11/12 and it's most likely that you matched 23/25 or 24/25 on previous Y-DNA tests. If you matched exactly on previous tests you probably have a mismatch at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our newest panel of markers. If several or many generations have passed it is likely that these two lines are related through other family members. That would require that each line had passed a mutation and one person would have experienced at least 2 mutations. The only way to confirm is to test additional family lines and find where the mutations took place. Only by testing additional family members can you find the person in between each of you...this 'in betweener' becomes essential for you to find, and without him the possibility of a match exists, but further evidence must be pursued. If you test additional individuals you will most likely find that their DNA falls in-between the persons who are 4 apart demonstrating relatedness within this family cluster or haplotype.

Kit 99027 - Probably Related - Gen Distance of 4 @ 37

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 385b	DYS 576	DYS 570	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 385b=14	DYS 576 = 18	DYS 570 = 17	To Modal = 1534-1759
99027	14/30 + 11	DYS 385b=15	DYS 576 = 19	DYS 570 = 16	To us: 95% = 1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	very stable	volatile	unstable	To modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	16 kits	0	10 kits	1 kit	~

115676 - Probably Related - Gen Distance of 4 @ 37 - Peter MacLeod 1800's Scottish Cape Breton Pioneer

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 576	DYS 570	DYS 442=12	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 576 = 18	DYS 570 = 17	DYS 442=12	To Modal = 1534-1759
115676	14/30 + 11	DYS 576 = 19	DYS 570 = 16	DYS 442=11	To us: 95% = 1584
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	volatile	unstable	very stable	To modal = 1534-1759(1634)
Other kits	16 kits	1 kits	10 kits	1 kits	~

Kit: 37219 - Probably Related - Gen Distance of 2 @ 37 markers-This gentleman is believed to have descended from Alexander of Liosale in the district of Minginish, who was the son of Norman IV of Waternish, the only survivor of the family of John The Fair Hair of the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan. An interview with the widow of his immigrant ancestor tells a story that fits within this line of descent as does documentation. He shares the line of descent with kit 25196 (Liosale, a documented descendant of Leod). He also therefore shares an earlier ancestor in Iain Borb with kit 30097 . Another kit claims a descent from Alexander of Liosale through his son Donald of Drynoch. See Current Conclusions for more.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 385b	DYS 576	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 385b=14	DYS 576 = 18	To Modal = 1534-1759
37219	14/30 + 11	DYS 385b=15	DYS 576 = 19	To us: 95% = 1509
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	very stable	volatile	To modal = 1534-1759(1584)
Other kits	16 kits	0	10 kits	~

kit 66014 - Related - Gen Distance 4 @ 67 - a descendant of John MacLeod who was born about 1770 and who immigrated from Scotland to Cape Breton, Nova Scotia - it is reported that he sailed from Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis.This kit has an unusual mutation at Marker 2/DYS #390 of a "24" - a convergence with our James Leroy McLeod JR. (Jimmy) - it is very likely that this mutation occurred within the last several generations. If this can be proven by the testing of cousins to this kit, this mutation can be ignored in comparing it to ours and to the Sub Gourp B Modal. This kit also experienced a Unique Mutation Event at DYS 460.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 390=25	DYS 460 =11	CDYa=37	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 390=25	DYS 460 =11	CDYa=37	To Modal = 1534-1759
66014	13/29 + 11	DYS 390=24	DYS 460 =10	CDYa=36	To us: 95% =1509
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	stable	very stable	unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1584)
Other kits	14 kits	1 kits	0	5 kits	~

Unique Mutation Event DYS 460 = 10 This mutation most likely took placed SINCE this kit last shared an ancestor with any other kit in the project - testing of cousins would confirm this. Ignoring this UME = To Modal = 1534-1759(1634) - To us: =1534-1759(1584)

FTDna states: Distance: 3-4 - Related
63-64/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by only three or four 'points’. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is probably not extremely recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 127808 - Related - Gen Distance of 5 @ 67 - an immigrant from Scotland in the early-mid 1800's - this family has oral legend that includes Colbost, Isle of Skye - same area of origin as kit 36748 which is our closest match. This kit is a gen distance of 1 @ 67 markers match to 38247/ gen distance of 1 @ 37 to 77670) and a gen distance of 2 @ 67 to 148833 - These kits share significant markers that indicate they are a branch which last shared a ancestor with each other cr. 1709.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 464 14,15,15,16	DYS#449=31	CDYb=37	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	14,15,15,16	DYS 449=31	CDYb=37	To Modal = 1534-1759
127808	14/30 + 11	14,14,15,15	DYS 449=32	CDYb=38	To us: 95% =1509
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	464c=Very stable	very unstable	unstable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1584)
Other kits	16 kits	3 kits	5 kits	6 kits	~

This kit is a distance of 1 from kit 38247 missing only the unstable CDYb from that kit - 38247 To us: = 1584 - that year is most likely the more accurate predition.

FTDna states: Distance: 5-6 - Related
61-62/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by five or six 'points'. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is slightly tighter than being 11/12, 23/25, or 33/37, and it's most likely that you matched closely on previous Y-DNA tests. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is not very recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 148833 - Related - Gen Distance of 5 @ 67 - a descendant of George Washington McLeod (1820-1895), son of Norman per a Family Bible - this Norman is believed to have had children born on Edisto Island SC prior to moving to Darlington, SC. Norman is said by some to be the brother of Daniel MacLeod, h/o Jane Raspberry Evans of Kershaw District - who is said to the son of Norman (the Immigrant) and Jeannette Morrison. This kit is a distance of 1 at 67 markers to Kit 38247 and a distance of 2 at 67 to kit 127808 - (just above). These kits share significant markers that indicate they are a branch which last shared a ancestor with each other cr. 1709

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 464 14,15,15,16	DYS#449=31	DYS 439 = 12	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	14,15,15,16	DYS 449=31	DYS 439=12	To Modal = 1534-1759
148833	14/30 + 11	14,14,15,15	DYS 449=32	DYS 439=11	To us: 95% =1509
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	464c=Very stable	very unstable	stable	To Modal = 1534-1759(1584)
Other kits	16 kits	3 kits	5 kits	1 kits= James	~

This kit is a distance of 1 from kit 38247 missing only DYS 439 from that kit - 38247 To us: = 1584 - that year is most likely the more accurate predition.

FTDna states: Distance: 5-6 - Related
61-62/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by five or six 'points'. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is slightly tighter than being 11/12, 23/25, or 33/37, and it's most likely that you matched closely on previous Y-DNA tests. It's most likely that you matched 24/25, 36/37 or 37/37 on previous Y-DNA tests and your mismatch will be found within the second panel at DYS #'s 458, 459 a, 459b, 449, or within 464 a-d, or at DYS 576, 570, CDYa or CDYb in our third panel of markers. Your common ancestor is not very recent, but your mismatch is likely within the range of most well established surname lineages in Western Europe.

Kit 106635 - Probably Related - Gen Distance of 6 @ 67 markersa gentleman for whom no information is known:

Unique Mutation Event at 395S1b=15 This mutation most likely took place SINCE this kit last shared an ancestor with any other kit in the project - testing of cousins would confirm this. Ignoring this UME results in TMRCA - to Modal = 1534-1709(1584) / To us: =1509

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 19=14	CDYb=37	DYS 456=16	395S1B=16	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 19=14	CDYb=37	DYS 456 = 16	395S1B=16	To Modal = 1534-1759
106635	14/30 + 11	DYS 19=15	CDYb=38	DYS 456 = 15	395S1=15	To us: 95% = 1434
Marker Rating	389 =very unstable - 459b= very unstable	unstable	unstable	very stable	stable	To modal = 1284-1509(1509)
Other kits	16 kits	1	6 kits	1 kit	0	~

FTDna states: Distance: 7 - Probably Related
60/67 You share the same surname (or a variant) with another male and you mismatch by seven 'points'. Because of the volatility within some of the markers this is about the same as being 11/12 and it's most likely that you matched 23/25 or 24/25 or 33-34/37 on previous Y-DNA tests. If several or many generations have passed it is likely that these two lines are related through other family members. The only way to confirm is to test additional family lines and find where the mutations took place. Only by testing additional family members can you find the person in between each of you...this 'in betweener' becomes essential for you to find, and without him the possibility of a match exists, but further evidence must be pursued. If you test additional individuals you will most likely find that their DNA falls in-between the persons who are 7 apart demonstrating relatedness within this family cluster or haplotype.

Kit 62311 - Probably Related - Gen Distance of 7 @ 67 markersa descendant of Norman MacLeod whose ancestry is , son of Roderick, (RODERICK RUAIRIDH OG), son of JOHN (Ian 'Breac' Macleod) , son of John (John Iain Mor MACLEOD), son of Roderick (Sir Rory Mor) - This genealogy was written into a Family Bible cr. 1829 but has not been proven with documentation. If this is true, then this man shares an ancestry with Kit #30097. They are a distance of 5 @ 37 and 7 @ 67 yet the mismatches during the first 37 markers are all on fast moving markers and one of the two mismatches in the final panel is also at a fast marker- testing of cousins of both families would define the Ancestral Haplotype and explain those mutations. If those mutations can be proven to have occurred since their branches would have split (or since 1605), their relationship would have great credence and perhaps prove the genealogy written in the Family Bible.

TMRCA 2nd and 4th rows - To modal = YUtility 95% prediction that the kits ancestor matched the modal exactly

Sub Group B	DYS 389 13/29 DYS 459=11	DYS 607	DYS 576	DYS 570	DYS 406S1	TMRCA
My Family	13/29 + 10	DYS 607=15	DYS 576 = 18	DYS 570 = 17	DYS 406S1=10	To Modal = 1534-1759
62311	14/30 + 11	DYS 607=16	DYS 576 = 20	DYS 570 = 16	DYS 406S1=11	To us: 95% = 1359