Countess of Glouchester Joan of Acre of England
GIVN Joan "of Acre"
SURN England
NSFX [Countess of Glo
AFN 84ZQ-DM
DATE 11 JUL 1999
TIME 01:00:00GIVN Joan "of Acre"
SURN England
NSFX [Countess Glouce
AFN 84ZQ-DM
DATE 6 MAY 2000
TIME 23:36:40Custom Field:<_FA#> COUNTESS de GLOUCESTER
Duke of Lancaster Henry Plantagenet of Grosmont
GIVN Henry "of Grosmont"
SURN Plantagenet
NSFX [Duke of Lancas
AFN PZ3X-CR
DATE 7 MAY 2000
TIME 22:27:15Fourth Earl, First Duke of Lancaster[91502.ftw]
Fourth Earl, First Duke of Lancaster
King of England Henry Plantagenet IV
Note:
From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, article titled "Henry IV:""also called (1377-97) EARL OF DERBY, OR (1397-99) DUKE OFHEREFORD,byname HENRY BOLINGBROKE, OR HENRY OF LANCASTER king of Englandfrom1399 to 1413, the first of three 15th-century monarchs from theHouseof Lancaster. He gained the crown by usurpation andsuccessfullyconsolidated his power in the face of repeated uprisings ofpowerfulnobles. At the same time he was unable to overcome the fiscalandadministrative weaknesses that contributed to the eventual downfallofthe Lancastrian dynasty.
"Henry was the eldest surviving son of John of Gaunt, duke ofLancaster,by his first wife, Blanche. Before becoming king he wasknown as HenryBolingbroke, and he received from his cousin the
titles earl of Derby (1377) and duke of Hereford (1397). Duringtheopening years of the reign of King Richard II (ruled 1377-99),Henryremained in the background while his father ran the government.WhenGaunt departed for an expedition to Spain in 1386, Henryenteredpolitics as an opponent of the crown. He and Thomas Mowbray (later1stduke of Norfolk) became the younger members of the group of five
opposition leaders--known as the lords appellants--who in 1387-89outlawedRichard's closest associates and forced the King to submit totheirdomination. Richard had just regained the upper hand when Gauntreturnedto reconcile the King to his enemies. Bolingbroke then wenton crusadesinto Lithuania (1390) and Prussia (1392). Meanwhile,Richard had notforgiven his past enmity. In 1398 the King tookadvantage of a quarrelbetween Bolingbroke and Norfolk to banish bothmen from the kingdom.
The seizure of the Lancastrian estates by the crown upon John ofGaunt'sdeath (February 1399) deprived Henry of his inheritance andgave him anexcuse to invade England (July 1399) as a champion of thenobility.Richard surrendered to him in August; Bolingbroke's reign asKing Henry IVbegan when Richard abdicated on Sept. 30, 1399."Henry IV used his descent from King Henry III (ruled 1216-72) tojustifyhis usurpation of the throne. Nevertheless, this claim did notconvincethose magnates who aspired to assert their authority at thecrown'sexpense. During the first five years of his reign, Henry wasattacked by aformidable array of domestic and foreign enemies. Hequashed a conspiracyof Richard's supporters in January 1400. Eightmonths later the Welshlandowner Owen Glendower raised a nationalrebellion against oppressive
English rule in Wales. Henry led a number of fruitless expeditionsintoWales from 1400 to 1405, but his son, Prince Henry, had greatersuccess inreasserting royal control over the region. Meanwhile,Glendower encourageddomestic resistance to Henry's rule by allyingwith the powerful Percyfamily--Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland,and his son Sir Henry Percy,called Hotspur. Hotspur's brief uprising,the most serious challenge facedby Henry during his reign, ended whenthe King's forces killed the rebelin battle near Shrewsbury,Shropshire, in July 1403. In 1405 Henry hadThomas Mowbray, duke ofNorfolk, and Richard Scrope, archbishop of York,executed forconspiring with Northumberland to raise another rebellion.Althoughthe worst of Henry's political troubles were over, he then begantosuffer from an affliction that his contemporaries believed tobeleprosy--it may have been congenital syphilis. A quicklysuppressedinsurrection, led by Northumberland in 1408, was the lastarmedchallenge to Henry's authority. Throughout these years the King hadtocombat border incursions by the Scots and ward off conflict withtheFrench, who aided the Welsh rebels in 1405-06."To finance these military activities, Henry was forced to relyonparliamentary grants. From 1401 to 1406 Parliament repeatedlyaccusedhim of fiscal mismanagement and gradually acquiredcertainprecedent-setting powers over royal expenditures and appointments.AsHenry's health deteriorated, a power struggle developed withinhisadministration between his favourite, Thomas Arundel, archbishopofCanterbury, and a faction headed by Henry's Beaufort half brothersandPrince Henry. The latter group ousted Arundel from thechancellorshipearly in 1410, but they, in turn, fell from power in 1411.Henry thenmade an alliance with the French faction that was waging waragainstthe Prince's Burgundian friends. As a consequence, tensionbetweenHenry and the Prince was high when Henry became totallyincapacitatedlate in 1412. He died several months later, and the Princesucceededas King Henry V."
Earl of Bolingbroke, King of England
Note: She died from complications from childbirth
King of England Henry Plantagenet IV
Note:
From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, article titled "Henry IV:""also called (1377-97) EARL OF DERBY, OR (1397-99) DUKE OFHEREFORD,byname HENRY BOLINGBROKE, OR HENRY OF LANCASTER king of Englandfrom1399 to 1413, the first of three 15th-century monarchs from theHouseof Lancaster. He gained the crown by usurpation andsuccessfullyconsolidated his power in the face of repeated uprisings ofpowerfulnobles. At the same time he was unable to overcome the fiscalandadministrative weaknesses that contributed to the eventual downfallofthe Lancastrian dynasty.
"Henry was the eldest surviving son of John of Gaunt, duke ofLancaster,by his first wife, Blanche. Before becoming king he wasknown as HenryBolingbroke, and he received from his cousin the
titles earl of Derby (1377) and duke of Hereford (1397). Duringtheopening years of the reign of King Richard II (ruled 1377-99),Henryremained in the background while his father ran the government.WhenGaunt departed for an expedition to Spain in 1386, Henryenteredpolitics as an opponent of the crown. He and Thomas Mowbray (later1stduke of Norfolk) became the younger members of the group of five
opposition leaders--known as the lords appellants--who in 1387-89outlawedRichard's closest associates and forced the King to submit totheirdomination. Richard had just regained the upper hand when Gauntreturnedto reconcile the King to his enemies. Bolingbroke then wenton crusadesinto Lithuania (1390) and Prussia (1392). Meanwhile,Richard had notforgiven his past enmity. In 1398 the King tookadvantage of a quarrelbetween Bolingbroke and Norfolk to banish bothmen from the kingdom.
The seizure of the Lancastrian estates by the crown upon John ofGaunt'sdeath (February 1399) deprived Henry of his inheritance andgave him anexcuse to invade England (July 1399) as a champion of thenobility.Richard surrendered to him in August; Bolingbroke's reign asKing Henry IVbegan when Richard abdicated on Sept. 30, 1399."Henry IV used his descent from King Henry III (ruled 1216-72) tojustifyhis usurpation of the throne. Nevertheless, this claim did notconvincethose magnates who aspired to assert their authority at thecrown'sexpense. During the first five years of his reign, Henry wasattacked by aformidable array of domestic and foreign enemies. Hequashed a conspiracyof Richard's supporters in January 1400. Eightmonths later the Welshlandowner Owen Glendower raised a nationalrebellion against oppressive
English rule in Wales. Henry led a number of fruitless expeditionsintoWales from 1400 to 1405, but his son, Prince Henry, had greatersuccess inreasserting royal control over the region. Meanwhile,Glendower encourageddomestic resistance to Henry's rule by allyingwith the powerful Percyfamily--Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland,and his son Sir Henry Percy,called Hotspur. Hotspur's brief uprising,the most serious challenge facedby Henry during his reign, ended whenthe King's forces killed the rebelin battle near Shrewsbury,Shropshire, in July 1403. In 1405 Henry hadThomas Mowbray, duke ofNorfolk, and Richard Scrope, archbishop of York,executed forconspiring with Northumberland to raise another rebellion.Althoughthe worst of Henry's political troubles were over, he then begantosuffer from an affliction that his contemporaries believed tobeleprosy--it may have been congenital syphilis. A quicklysuppressedinsurrection, led by Northumberland in 1408, was the lastarmedchallenge to Henry's authority. Throughout these years the King hadtocombat border incursions by the Scots and ward off conflict withtheFrench, who aided the Welsh rebels in 1405-06."To finance these military activities, Henry was forced to relyonparliamentary grants. From 1401 to 1406 Parliament repeatedlyaccusedhim of fiscal mismanagement and gradually acquiredcertainprecedent-setting powers over royal expenditures and appointments.AsHenry's health deteriorated, a power struggle developed withinhisadministration between his favourite, Thomas Arundel, archbishopofCanterbury, and a faction headed by Henry's Beaufort half brothersandPrince Henry. The latter group ousted Arundel from thechancellorshipearly in 1410, but they, in turn, fell from power in 1411.Henry thenmade an alliance with the French faction that was waging waragainstthe Prince's Burgundian friends. As a consequence, tensionbetweenHenry and the Prince was high when Henry became totallyincapacitatedlate in 1412. He died several months later, and the Princesucceededas King Henry V."
Earl of Bolingbroke, King of England
Note: He was the Earl Of Herford. Eleventh Earl of Hereford 1361-1373;andEarl of Northampton and Essex. Nominated for Knight of the Garterabout1365. He was present at the confirmation of the treaty betweenEdward IIIand Pedro, King of Castle and Leon on February 1, 1362/3Sources:
Abbrev: "The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland
Title: "The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britainandthe United Kingdom"
Author: George Edward Cockayne
Publication: St Catherine Press, London
Note:
Page: Vol VI:473