Ancestors of: 
Matilda Edith Atheling, Princess of Scotland 
1079-1118

First Generation  

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1. Matilda Edith Atheling, Princess of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm III Canmore "Bighead", King of Scots 1058-1093 and Saint Margaret Atheling, Queen of Scotland , was born in 1079 in Dunfemline, Fifeshire, Scotland, died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, London, England, at age 39, and was buried in Jun 1118 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England.

Matilda married Henry I "Beauclerc", King of England, son of William I "The Conqueror", King of England and Maud "Matilda" de Flanders, Countess of Flanders & Normandy, Queen of England , on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, Middlesex, London, England. Henry was born in Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England, died on 1 Dec 1135 in St Denis-Le-Fermont, Near Gisors, at age 67, and was buried on 4 Jan 1136 in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England.

 

	HENRY I b. 1068 1 d. 1 Dec 1135, Lyons-la-Forêt, Normandy
Title:	By the Grace of God, King of the English (Dei Gracia Rex Anglorum)2
Reign:	5 Aug 1100 - 1 Dec 1135
Chronology:	3 Aug 1100, a meeting of magnates at Winchester chose Henry king3
	5 Aug 1100, crowned, Westminster Abbey
	1 Dec 1135, died
Other names/titles:	Count Henry (sometimes styled "comte du Cotentin") [created count between 1 Jan and 30 Mar 1088]; Duke of the Normans [after 28 Sep 1106]; byname: Henri Beauclerc

The fourth and youngest son of William the Conqueror, Henry inherited only a sum of money after the death of his father in 1087. Later Henry acquired small land possessions in Normandy and was created count by his brother Robert II "Curthose", duke of the Normans.

Henry stayed at the court of his brother, King William II Rufus, when the latter was killed while hunting (2 Aug 1100). Henry immediately rode to Winchester, where the royal treasury was turned over to him. He was anointed three days later by Maurice, Bishop of London. The throne of England was also claimed by Robert of Normandy, who invaded England in July 1101, but no battle was fought. During a personal interview, Robert gave up his claim to the throne and released Henry from the homage in exchange for a large annuity and Henry's lands in Normandy. However, the misgovernment of Robert in Normandy provided Henry with a pretext to conquer the duchy. The war in Normandy broke out in 1106 and culminated in the Battle of Tinchebray (28 Sep 1106). Robert was defeated and was taken prisoner for the rest of his life (27 years). Since then Henry assumed the ducal title and spent most of his reign in Normandy. In 1107 Henry reached an agreement with the Church settling the investiture controversy, which troubled his reign from the very beginning. In the next decade the local law and institutions of Saxon England, and the royal law and central institutions of the Normans, were merged. Henry centralized the administration of England and Normandy in the royal court, using "viceroys" in Normandy and a group of advisers in England to act on his behalf when he was absent across the Channel⁴. On 25 Nov 1120 Henry's only legitimate son, William the Ætheling, perished in a shipwreck of the "White Ship". Henry faced a succession problem, but finally succeeded in persuading the barons to accept his daughter, Matilda, as heir to the throne (January 1127). In hopes of adding Angevin lands to the royal domain, Henry had Matilda married (8 Jun 1129) to to the heir of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine, Geoffroi "Plantagenêt" (future count of Anjou). In 1135 Henry scattered the forces of Norman barons instigated to revolt by his son-in-law. He died reportedly of food poisoning caused by a surfeit of lampreys according to "Historia Anglorum" of Henry of Huntingdon.

Notes:

¹ Most likely, Henry was born between mid-May and early September 1068, but there is a bare possibility that it happened in 1069. A local tradition places his birth at Selby, Yorkshire, England, but no contemporary writer confirms that belief or provides a hint as to Henry's exact birthplace.

² Henry I introduced his charters indiscriminately as "Henricus rex Anglorum" (most frequently), but also as "Henricus rex Anglie". From 1121 Henry I altered the legend on the reverse of his seal to HENRICUS DEI GRACIA DUX NORMANNORUM, although he rarely styled himself more than "rex Anglorum" even in documents relating to Normandy. The words "dei gracia" ("By the Grace of God") appearing on the Great Seal since the time of William II, were not, as a rule, added to the style of the king in charters and writs until the reign of Henry II.

³ This meeting, described by the Saxon chronicler as a rump witan, had no authority to elect Henry, but rather conceded to making him king. Henry immediately proceeded with appointing William Giffard as Bishop of Winchester, but despite this exercise of royal authority before the coronation, Henry counted his reign from 5 Aug 1100, when he was crowned at Westminster.

⁴ Absent from England: autumn 1104; spring - summer 1105; Jul 1106 - Mar/Apr 1107; Jul 1108 - May/Jun 1109; Aug 1111 - Jul 1113; Sep 1114 - Jul 1115; Apr 1116 - 26 Nov 1120; 11 Jun 1123 - 11 Sep 1126; 26 Aug 1127 - 15 Jul 1129; Aug/Sep 1130 - Aug 1131; Aug 1133 to his death.

Source: text: Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd ed., 1986; "Henry I", by C. Warren Hollister (Yale Univ. Press 2001); "From Domesday Book to Magna Carta 1087-1216" (The Oxford History of England, vol.3), by Austin Lane Poole (2nd ed., Oxford, Clarendon Press 1955); image: King Henry I, miniature from a 14th-century manuscript.

© 2002 National Politics Web Guide

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Children:

          i.   Matilda "Beauclerc", Empress of Germany, Queen of England (born on 7 Feb 1102 Royal Palace In Sutton Courtenay (Berkshire) - died on 10 Sep 1169 in Notre Dame, Rouen, Seine Inferieure, France)

	MATILDA b. c. 7 Feb 1102, Sutton Courtenay, Berkshire, England d. 10 Sep 1167, Notre-Dame-du-Pré, near Rouen, France
Title:	Lady of the English (Anglorum Domina)1
Reign:	8 Apr 1141 - Feb 1148
Chronology:	3 Mar 1141, proclaimed Lady of the English, ceremony at the Winchester Cathedral
	8 Apr 1141, a clerical council at Winchester confirmed Matilda as Lady of the English
	Feb 1148, departed from England
Other names/titles:	Also known as: Maud, Mold, Aethelic, Aaliz (last two forms appear in the "English Chronicle" and in the works of John of Hexham); the Empress Matilda2; Queen of the Romans (Romanorum Regina) [from 25 Jul 1110];

The only daughter of King Henry I and Edith (Matilda) of Scotland, Matilda was formally betrothed to Heinrich V, King of the Germans, at Utrecht on 10 Apr 1110. She was crowned Queen of the Germans at Mainz (25 Jul 1110) and their marriage was celebrated at Worms on 6 Jan 1114. After the death of Heinrich V (23 May 1125), she was recalled to her father's court, who obtained of the English baronage an oath to accept Matilda as sovereign if he should die without a male heir (January 1127). On 8 Jun 1129 Matilda was married to the heir of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine, Geoffroi "Plantagenêt" (future count of Anjou).

Matilda opposed her cousin, Stephen of Blois, who seized the throne of England after the death of Matilda's father (1135), and in 1139 she and her illegitimate half-brother, Robert earl of Gloucester, landed in England. In an ensuing war with Stephen the latter was captured after a battle at Lincoln (2 Feb 1141). Stephen's brother, Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester and papal legate, transferred his support from Stephen to Matilda and on 2 Mar 1141 he received Matilda as "Lady of the English" or "Lady of England" outside the gates of Winchester. The following day, 3 Mar 1141, Matilda was publicly welcomed in Winchester Cathedral and received the keys to the Treasury and the Royal Crown. The legate then summoned a "legatine church council", which met on 7 Apr 1141 and on the next day proclaimed Matilda "Angliae Normanniaeque domina". She entered London in June 1141, but alienated its citizens with her arrogance and demands for a large subsidy. A sudden uprising of the city forced her to flee to Oxford before she could be crowned. Her forces were routed at Winchester in September 1141, and Robert of Gloucester was captured by the forces of Stephen. Matilda was obliged to swap Stephen for Robert (1 Nov 1141) and the warfare continued. In 1148, after the death of Robert (31 Oct 1147), Matilda finally returned to Normandy. Late in 1150 her son, Henry (future King Henry II), was put in possession of the duchy of Normandy and replaced his mother as claimant to the throne of England.

Matilda Time Line

Events of the Reign
1141

• 1102 - Born, daughter of Henry I and Edith (Matilda) of Scotland.
• 1120 - Matilda's brother, William, and heir to Henry I's throne, dies with the sinking of the White Ship on a return trip from France.
• 1125 - Matilda's first husband, Emperor Henry V of Germany dies. Henry recalls her back to England.
• 1126 - After the death of Maitlda's brother, Henry I makes the Barons swear to support Matilda as Queen.
• 1128 - Somewhat against her will Matilda marries Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, he was then only 16 years old and Matilda was approx. 25-26 years old. Her father hoped this would continue the Angevin alliance. Their son later becomes Henry II King of England.
• 1135 - Matilda's father, Henry I dies of food poisoning. The barons transfer their support to Matilda's cousin Stephen.
• 1135-1148 - She spends most of her time trying to gain the throne from her cousin Stephen. See Stephen's Time Line for more information on Matilda's fight for the throne.
• 1167 - Matilda dies in Normandy.

  Second Generation  

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2. Malcolm III Canmore "Bighead" King of Scots 1058-1093, son of Duncan I "the Gracious", King of Scots 1034-1040 and Aelflaed (Sybil), of Northumbria , was born in 1031 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland, died on 13 Nov 1093 in Battle Near Alnwick, Northumberland, England, at age 62, and was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Dumferline, Fifeshire, Scotland.

Malcolm married Saint Margaret Atheling, Queen of Scotland in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fifeshire, Scotland.

Children:

1         i.  Matilda Edith Atheling, Princess of Scotland (born in 1079 Dunfemline, Fifeshire, Scotland - died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, Middlesex, London, England)
         ii.   David I "the Saint", King of Scots 1124-1153 (born in 1080 Canmore, Scotland - died on 24 May 1153 in Carlisle, Cumberland, England)

King David Builds a Nation Although King David I spent most of his reign building churches and abbeys his main ambition was to extend his kingdom. For many years Scottish Kings had believed that lands in the north of England, especially Northumbria, belonged to Scotland. Since David’s wife, Matilda of Huntingdon, a Saxon princess, was heir to these lands David could lay claim to them, for their son. For more than half his reign, David did nothing to further his ambitions, probably because of his friendship with the English King Henry I. When Henry died in the winter of 1135, both his daughter, Matilda, and her cousin, Stephen claimed the throne, causing a civil war, lasting nineteen years. David seized the opportunity and marched south, apparently in support of the newly crowned Stephen. Before Stephen could come north with his army, David had captured Newcastle and Carlisle. When the two Kings finally met, it was in Durham. David’s real intention, to gain control of English territory, was now clear to Stephen but after two weeks of arguments they reached an agreement. David kept Carlisle and Stephen agreed that David’s son Henry would be granted the title of Earl of Northumbria. All seemed to be settled. The peace between Scotland and England was destined to be short-lived, as Stephen failed to honour his promise to make Prince Henry Earl of Northumbria. In the spring of 1138, David marched south again. This time he gave support to Stephen’s rival Matilda. David’s army marched down through Northumbria, Durham, Lancashire and Yorkshire, with castles falling in his wake. To many people in England, it seemed that David had come to conquer the whole country, and one man, Thurstan, the Archbishop of York, decided to oppose the Scots. He raised an army and marched north until he met David’s men at Northallerton. There the Archbishop raised his standard the mast of a ship with the Flags of St. Peter, St John and St Wilfred displayed. The English army began singing psalms; they were going to fight a holy war. On the other side things were less enthusiastic. David’s men were tired from months of relentless marching and fighting, and many were getting homesick. The great Norman knights had no quarrel with their kinsmen south of the border and tried to persuade David to come to some bargain without fighting.  When he refused to consider this, they promptly changed sides!  In spite of this reverse, David fought that day and although he lost the Battle of the Standard (1138) he won the peace.  King Stephen renewed his promise of Northumbria for Prince Henry.  David returned to Scotland having achieved his ambition.  The border with England now ran from Derwent Water in the west to the River Tyne in the east. Unfortunately, David’s success proved short-lived.  Prince Henry died in 1153 and his father only a few months later.  The Scottish throne passed to David’s twelve year old grandson, Malcolm IV who within four years was forced to return Northumbria to the English king under pressure from the his force of arms.

3. Saint Margaret Atheling, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Edward "The Outlaw" Atheling and Agatha , Princess of Hungary , was born on 8 Sep 1045 in Castle Reka, Mecseknadasd, Hungary, died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, at age 48, and was buried in Dunfemline, Fifeshire, Scotland.

Margaret married Malcolm III Canmore "Bighead" , King of Scots 1058-1093 in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fifeshire, Scotland.

 

In the year 1054 twenty-three year old Malcolm returned to Scotland, after a period in hiding in England from the ruthless King Macbeth. He had come back to Scotland to reclaim the throne from Macbeth, who had taken it from his father, King Duncan, in 1040. Malcolm and his army defeated Macbeth twice in battle; the second time at Lumphanan, where Macbeth and his son were both killed, leaving the throne for anyone with royal connections to take. Malcolm was crowned king on 25th April 1058. King Malcolm III had only been on the throne of Scotland for a short time when he sent troops to raid, loot and destroy the villages of Northumbria. This act of force was a shock and a blow to England, since King Edward the Confessor of England had helped Malcolm gain the Scottish throne in the first place. Malcolm's aim, and life-long personal ambition, was to conquer northern England. His strikes were initially successful and many innocent people lost their money and their homes. In spite of the attacks, however, England retained control in the north. The Coming of the Normans. Only seven years later further events in the north caused the downfall of the English King. Harold Hardrada, King of Norway attempted to take over Northumbria and Malcolm decided to help the Norwegians. This was partly because his (first) wife was related to Harold Hardrada, and partly because he wanted a share of Northumbria. Edward the Confessor had died at the end of 1065 and Harold Godwinson had taken the throne, to the fury of William, Duke of Normandy, who had understood from his kinsman, Edward, that he would succeed him. In fact, when Harold Godwinson had been blown off course during a storm in the English Channel in 1064 William had made Harold promise to support William’s claim to the throne as the price for his freedom. When the King of England heard about the Norse invasion, he marched his army northwards. The English defeated the Norwegians, but were forced to return to the south immediately because an invasion force led by Duke William had landed. Harold met William at Hastings where in a great battle the King of England was fatally wounded. According to the Bayeux Tapestry, Harold was killed either by an arrow piercing his eye or by the sword of a Norman knight. William marched to Westminster Abbey where he crowned himself King of England. This event is known as the Norman Conquest; it changed the course of British history. Many Saxons fled north to Scotland after the arrival of the Normans. Among these were Edgar Atheling, last of King Alfred’s line, and his sister Margaret. In 1070 Malcolm married Margaret, Edgar's sister, in Dunfermline and in the same year he invaded England. This was partly so that he could help his brother-in-law, Edgar Atheling gain control of the English throne, but mainly because he wanted to extend his Kingdom. Through Margaret, his second wife, he had a slight, but positive claim to the throne of England. (This was because Edgar and Margaret were the grandchildren of King Edmund Ironside of England.) This meant that Malcolm could try to become the King of both Scotland and England. When William discovered Malcolm's link to royalty, he knew he must crush any such ideas of Malcolm’s. William marched an army up to Scotland in 1072 and met the king of Scotland at Stirling. Edgar Atheling abandoned Canmore and fled to Flanders in Belgium. When Malcolm saw the size of William's army, he promised that he would not hurt, or encroach on, the English or their kingdom. He also made the decision to pay homage to the Monarch of England. This decision was to have fateful consequences for the independence of Scotland in later, even more dangerous times. For about seven years, Malcolm kept to his promise. For no known reason though, in 1079 he once more invaded the north of England. He viciously attacked Northumberland in Scottish style, which meant that Northumberland was savagely torn apart. In the following year the Normans again attacked Scotland. They decided to build a castle over the river Tyne for more protection, and to stand watch against further Scottish attacks. Malcolm was then, of course reminded of his peace agreement, and pledged to keep it for another twelve years. Queen Margaret (St. Margaret) Whilst all of this was taking place, Malcolm's wife Margaret put all of her time and effort as wife and Queen of Scotland into religion and into creating a more civilised court in Scotland. Intelligent and very religious, she was determined to modernise Scotland by introducing ideas from England and Europe. 1. She brought softness to the harsh kingdom of the north by copying some of the ways of the Normans. She introduced spiced meats and French wines; lovely tapestries and rich clothes; dancing and singing of ballads. 2. She taught the priests to live simply and without wealth, giving their whole lives to Christian belief. 3. She made Sunday into a day of worship. 4. Around the time of 1070 she invited three English Benedictine monks from Canterbury to build a monastery at Dunfermline. This was the start of monasteries in Scotland. The monks brought with them new skills in farming and building. 5. She built a new chapel in Edinburgh Castle, in Norman style. It is the oldest standing church in Scotland today. St. Margaret spent many hours there in prayer. 6. She gave large sums of money and land to the Church to help the poor 7. Margaret also launched the Queen's Ferry over the Firth of Forth to St. Andrews. Her life of charity and kindness impressed the rough and ambitious King Malcolm so much that he supported his wife's good works. He allowed his wealth to be donated to charity and on one occasion he fed three hundred needy subjects in his royal hall. Before the twelve-year peace agreement that he had made with the Normans had expired Malcolm Canmore launched another invasion of northern England, in 1091. He chose a time when William the Conqueror's son William Rufus, who had by this time succeeded his father, was not in Britain, but Normandy. Edgar Atheling returned from Belgium to take part in the invasion. Even although Malcolm Canmore had pledged to help Atheling regain the English throne, he was much more interested in putting his own family on the throne. However, the English repulsed the Scottish invasion and for the third time Malcolm made a peace agreement. The English built a castle at Carlisle to patrol the border. You would have thought that the invasion attempts would have stopped then, but they didn't as in 1093 Canmore once more attacked England. But he was killed during the raid and his son died also from wounds received. When the news reached poor Margaret she was already very sick with a terminal illness; she died four days later. Malcolm's life as a King was nothing more than a reckless baron robber. He never did help his brother-in-law succeed to the English throne. In fact he didn't even have any success for himself. Again and again he would try to invade England, but he never really achieved anything. The excuse Canmore gave for continually invading England was to advance his brother in law’s claim. But in-fact Canmore was nothing more than a greedy, vicious tyrant. He cared about nothing apart from doing things for his own gain. They were such an unlikely couple; Margaret was loving and caring, she was often called Saint Margaret. He was dangerous and duplicitous, nothing like his gentle wife. No matter how much Margaret tried to convert her husband from his wrong doings, she never succeeded. Margaret led a successful life in the church, while Malcolm tried, brutally, to gain control and power over his brother-in-law's homeland. Margaret was interested in helping others and she did a lot of work in the church. Malcolm on the other hand, was greedy and a tyrant. Two separate lives, in two separate worlds, brought together by fate.

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  Third Generation  

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4. Duncan I "the Gracious" King of Scots 1034-1040, son of Crinan "the Thane" , Mormaer of Athole, Governor of the Scots Islands and Beatrix mac Malcolm , Heiress of Scone, Princess of Scotland, was born in 1001 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland, died on 14 Aug 1040 in Bothganowan, Elgin, Moray, Scotland, at age 39, and was buried in Isle of Iona, Scotland.

• Killed by Macbeth, his cousin: 14 Aug 1040.

Duncan married Aelflaed (Sybil) , of Northumbria about 1030.

Children:

2         i.  Malcolm III Canmore "Bighead" , King of Scots 1058-1093 (born in 1031 Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland - died on 13 Nov 1093 in Battle Near Alnwick, Northumberland, England)

5. Aelflaed (Sybil) of Northumbria, daughter of Sigurd Siward "Digera" Bjornsson , Danish Earl of Northumbria and Aelfrida (Aelflaed), of Northumbria , was born in 1014 in Northumberland, England and died in 1040 in Scotland, at age 26.

Aelflaed married Duncan I "the Gracious" , King of Scots 1034-1040 about 1030.

6. Edward "The Outlaw" Atheling, son of Edmund II "Ironside", King of England and Ealdgyth, Queen of England, was born in 1016 in Wessex, England, died in 1067 in London, Middlesex, England, at age 51, and was buried in St. Paul Cathedral.

Edward married Agatha, Princess of Hungary about 1035 in London, Middlesex, England.

Children:

3         i.  Saint Margaret Atheling, Queen of Scotland (born on 8 Sep 1045 Castle Reka, Mecseknadasd, Hungary - died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland)

7. Agatha, Princess of Hungary, daughter of Saint Stephen I, King of Hungary and Gisela of Bavaria, was born in 1018 in Brauchschweig, Prussia and died on 13 Jul 1054 in London, Middlesex, England, at age 36.

Agatha married Edward "The Outlaw" Atheling about 1035 in London, Middlesex, England.

  Fourth Generation  

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8. Crinan "the Thane" Mormaer of Athole, Governor of the Scots Islands, son of Duncan, Mormaer of Athol and Sibylla Fitz Siward, Queen of Scotland, was born about 975 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland and died in 1045 in Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland - Defeated & Killed by Macbeth, about age 70.

Crinan married Beatrix mac Malcolm, Heiress of Scone, Princess of Scotland about 1004 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland.

Children:

4         i.  Duncan I "the Gracious" , King of Scots 1034-1040 (born in 1001 Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland - died on 14 Aug 1040 in Bothganowan, Elgin, Moray, Scotland)
         ii.   Maldred of Scotland , Lord of Allerdale & Carlisle, King of Cumberland (born in 1009 Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland - died in 1045 in Slain in battle)

9. Beatrix mac Malcolm, Heiress of Scone, Princess of Scotland, daughter of Malcolm II, King of Alba 1005-1034 and Edith de Orkney, Queen of Scotland, was born in 984 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland and died in 1045 in Scotland, at age 61.

Beatrix married Crinan "the Thane" , Mormaer of Athole, Governor of the Scots Islands about 1004 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland.

10. Sigurd (Siward) "Digera" Bjornsson, Danish Earl of Northumbria, son of Bjorn Bjornsson, Eidal of Northumbria and Guri Guttormsdatter , was born in 1020 in Denmark and died in 1055 in York, Yorkshire, England, at age 35.

Sigurd married Aelfrida (Aelflaed) of Northumbria .

Children:

5         i.  Aelflaed (Sybil) of Northumbria (born in 1014 Northumberland, England - died in 1040 in Scotland)

11. Aelfrida (Aelflaed) of Northumbria, daughter of Alfred of Bernicia and Egfrida, was born in 1027 in Bernicia, Northumberland, England.

Aelfrida married Sigurd Siward "Digera" Bjornsson , Danish Earl of Northumbria .

12. Edmund II "Ironside" King of England, son of Saint Aethelred II "The Unready" , King of England and Aelfgifu of Wessex, Queen of England, was born in 989 in Wessex, England, died on 30 Nov 1016 in London, Middlesex, England, at age 27, and was buried in Glastonbury Abbey, Somersetshire, England.

Edmund II, Ironside (1016 AD)

Edmund was King of England for only a few months. After the death of his father, Æthelred II, in April 1016, Edmund led the defense of the city of London against the invading Knut Sveinsson (Canute), and was proclaimed king by the Londoners. Meanwhile, the Witan (Council), meeting at Southampton, chose Canute as King. After a series of inconclusive military engagements, in which Edmund performed brilliantly and earned the nickname "Ironside", he defeated the Danish forces at Oxford, Kent, but was routed by Canute's forces at Ashingdon, Essex. A subsequent peace agreement was made, with Edmund controlling Wessex and Canute controlling Mercia and Northumbria. It was also agreed that whoever survived the other would take control of the whole realm. Unfortunately for Edmund, he died in November, 1016, transferring the Kingship of All England completely to Canute.

• Acceded: Apr 1016, St.Paul's Cathedral, London, England.

• Reigned: Murdered at the instigation of his brother-in-law Edric, Apr-Nov 1016.

Edmund married Ealdgyth, Queen of England in Aug 1015 in Malmsbury, Wiltshire, England.

Children:

6         i.  Edward "The Outlaw" Atheling (born in 1016 Wessex, England - died in 1067 in London, Middlesex, England)

13. Ealdgyth, Queen of England, daughter of Morcar, High Reeve in Northumbria and Eadgyth, was born in 995 in Northumbria, Yorkshire, England and died in 1068 in London, Middlesex, England, at age 73.

Ealdgyth married Edmund II "Ironside", King of England in Aug 1015 in Malmsbury, Wiltshire, England.

14. Saint Stephen I, King of Hungary, son of Géza "Great", Prince of Hungary and Sarolta of Transylvania , was born in 979 in Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary, died on 15 Aug 1038 in Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary, at age 59, and was buried in Stuhlweissenburg.

Stephen married Gisela of Bavaria in 1008.

Children:

7         i.  Agatha, Princess of Hungary (born in 1018 Brauchschweig, Prussia - died on 13 Jul 1054 in London, Middlesex, England)

Crown of St. Stephen

The helmet-style crown is made of gold and set with pearls and other gems. It is notable for its detailed enamel work called cloissonné. The jewels hanging on gold chains is representative of Byzantine Made Crowns.

Pope Sylvester II gave King (Saint) Stephen I (Szent István Király) the (upper part 'corona latina' with enamel plates of the apostols and inscriptions in Latin) Saint Crown in the year of A.D. 1000 and he was crowned with it in A.D. January 1, 1001. Saint Stphen's exact date of birth is not known, however it was between A.D. 967 - 975, he died in A.D. 1038.

The lower part of the saint crown the enamel plates with Greek inscriptons (corona graeca) was presented to King Géza I of Hungary by Byzantine emperor Micheal VII between A.D. 1074 - 1077. The corona graeca was made in the Byzantine emperor's shop in Constantinople (Present day Istambul).

Hungarian Pages and Images

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15. Gisela of Bavaria, daughter of Henry "The Wrangler", Duke of Bavaria and Gisele de Bourgogne , was born in 977 in Saxony, Germany and died on 9 May 1060, at age 83.

Gisela married Saint Stephen I, King of Hungary in 1008.

  Fifth Generation  

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16. Duncan, Mormaer of Athol, son of Duncan, was born in 949 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland.

Duncan married Sibylla Fitz Siward, Queen of Scotland .

Children:

8         i.  Crinan "the Thane", Mormaer of Athole, Governor of the Scots Islands (born about 975 Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland - died in 1045 in Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland - Defeated & Killed by Macbeth)

17. Sibylla Fitz Siward, Queen of Scotland, daughter of Boede, Earl of Northumbria, Chief of Clan Duff, was born about 1014 in Northumberland, England and died in 1040, about age 26.

Sibylla married Duncan, Mormaer of Athol .

18. Malcolm II, King of Alba 1005-1034, son of Kenneth II, King of Alba 971-995, King of Lothian and Lady of Leinster, was born on 5 Oct 958 in Scotland and died on 25 Nov 1035 in Glamis Castle, Angus, Scotland, at age 77.

• Murdered By His Kinsmen: 1035.

Malcolm married Edith de Orkney, Queen of Scotland .

Children:

          i.   Doda mac Malcolm, Princess of Scotland (born in 980 Scotland - died after 1012 in Normandy, France)
9        ii. Beatrix mac Malcolm, Heiress of Scone, Princess of Scotland (born in 984 Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland - died in 1045 in Scotland)

19. Edith de Orkney, Queen of Scotland was born in 962 in Ossery, Orkney Isles, Scotland.

Edith married Malcolm II, King of Alba 1005-1034 .

20. Bjorn Bjornsson, Eidal of Northumbria was born in 970 in Gol, Hallingdal, Norway.

Bjorn married Guri Guttormsdatter .

Children:

10        i.  Sigurd Siward "Digera" Bjornsson, Danish Earl of Northumbria (born in 1020 Denmark - died in 1055 in York, Yorkshire, England)

21. Guri Guttormsdatter was born in Gol, Hallingdal, Norway.

Guri married Bjorn Bjornsson, Eidal of Northumbria .

22. Alfred of Bernicia, son of Uchtred I, Prince & Earl of Northumberland, was born about 1009 in Bernicia, Northumberland, England.

Alfred married Egfrida .

Children:

11        i.  Aelfrida (Aelflaed), of Northumbria (born in 1027 Bernicia, Northumberland, England)

23. Egfrida was born in 993 in Durham, England.

Egfrida married Alfred of Bernicia .

24. Saint Aethelred II "The Unready" King of England, son of Edgar "The Peaceful", King of England and Aethelflaeda "The Fair", was born in 968 in Wessex, England, died on 23 Apr 1016 in London, Middlesex, England, at age 48, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Middlesex County, England.

Æthelred II, the Unready (978-1016 AD)

He succeeded to the throne after the murder of his half-brother, Edward II, the Martyr, at the age of ten. His reign was plagued by poor advice from his personal favorites and suspicions of his complicity in Edward's murder. His was a rather long and ineffective reign, which was notable for little other than the payment of the Danegeld, an attempt to buy off the Viking invaders with money. The relentless invasions by the Danish Vikings, coupled with their ever-escalating demands for more money, forced him to abandon his throne in 1013. He fled to Normandy for safety, but was later recalled to his old throne at the death of Svein Forkbeard in 1014. He died in London in 1016.

• Acceded: 4 Apr 978, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England.

• Reigned: Deposed and Reigned 1014-1016, 979 1013.

Aethelred married Aelfgifu of Wessex, Queen of England .

Children:

12        i.  Edmund II "Ironside", King of England (born in 989 Wessex, England - died on 30 Nov 1016 in London, Middlesex, England)
         ii.  Ælfgifu (Elgiva Elfgifu), Princess of England (born about 997 Wessex, England - died in 1068)
       

25. Aelfgifu of Wessex, Queen of England, daughter of Thored Gunnarsson, Earldorman of Northumbria and Hilda, was born in 963 in Wessex, England and died in Feb 1002 in London, Middlesex, England, at age 39.

Aelfgifu married Saint Aethelred II "The Unready", King of England .

26. Morcar, High Reeve in Northumbria, son of Aelfgar, Earl of Mercia & East Anglia and Elfgifu, Princess of England , was born about 960 in Northumbria, Yorkshire, England.

Morcar married Eadgyth .

Children:

13        i.  Ealdgyth, Queen of England (born in 995 Northumbria, Yorkshire, England - died in 1068 in London, Middlesex, England)

27. Eadgyth, daughter of Wulfric , Ealdorman in Mercia, was born in 970 in Northumbria, Yorkshire, England.

Eadgyth married Morcar, High Reeve in Northumbria .

28. Géza "Great", Prince of Hungary, son of Taksony of Hungary, Prince of Magyars and Daughter of Kumanien, Princess of Cumania , was born in 949 in Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary, died on 1 Feb 997 in Hungary, at age 48, and was buried in Szekesfehervár, Fejer, Hungary.

Géza married Sarolta of Transylvania about 967.

Children:

14        i.  Saint Stephen I, King of Hungary (born in 979 Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary - died on 15 Aug 1038 in Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary)

29. Sarolta of Transylvania, daughter of Gyula, Prince of Siebenburgen, was born in 945 in Transylvania (Romania).

Sarolta married Géza "Great", Prince of Hungary about 967.

30. Henry "The Wrangler" Duke of Bavaria, son of Henry "The Quarrelsome", Duke of Lorraine and Judith of Bavaria, was born in 985 in Saxony, Germany and died on 7 May 1065, at age 80.

Henry married Gisele de Bourgogne .

Children:

15        i.  Gisela , of Bavaria (born in 977 Saxony, Germany - died on 9 May 1060)

31. Gisele de Bourgogne, daughter of Conrad I "The Pacific", King of France and Adelaide of Bellay , was born in 955 in Bourgogne, France and died on 21 Jul 1006, at age 51.

Gisele married Henry "The Wrangler", Duke of Bavaria .

  Sixth Generation  

---

32. Duncan, son of Duncan mac Donachadh, Abbott of Dunkeld, was born about 949 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland.

Children:

16        i.  Duncan, Mormaer of Athol (born in 949 Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland)

34. Boede, Earl of Northumbria, Chief of Clan Duff, son of Kenneth III , King of Scotland, was born about 990 in Scotland.

Children:

17        i.  Sibylla Fitz Siward, Queen of Scotland (born about 1014 Northumberland, England - died in 1040)

36. Kenneth II, King of Alba 971-995,King of Lothian, son of Malcolm I, King of Alba 943-954, was born in 932 in Scotland, died in 995, Murdered, Finela's Castle, Fettercairn, Kincardineshire, Scotland, at age 63, and was buried in Isle of Iona, Scotland.

Kenneth married Lady of Leinster .

Children:

18        i.  Malcolm II, King of Alba 1005-1034 (born on 5 Oct 958 Scotland - died on 25 Nov 1035 in Glamis Castle, Angus, Scotland)

37. Lady of Leinster was born in 920 in Ireland.

Lady married Kenneth II, King of Alba 971-995,King of Lothian .

44. Uchtred I, Prince & Earl of Northumberland, son of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland and Elfeda, was born about 961 in Northumberland, England and died in 1016 in Wighill, Yorkshire, England (Murdered By Thursband), about age 55.

Children:

22        i.  Alfred of Bernicia (born about 1009 Bernicia, Northumberland, England)

48. Edgar "The Peaceful" King of England, son of Edmund I "The Elder", "The Magnificent", King of England and St. Aelfgifu, Queen of England, was born in 944 in Wessex, England, died on 8 Jul 975 in Winchester, Hampshire, England, at age 31, and was buried in Glastonbury Abbey, Somersetshire, England.

The first King of a united England. He allowed his Danish subjects to retain Danish laws. Edgar promoted a monastic revival and encouraged trade by reforming the currency. He improved defence by organising coastal naval patrols and a system for manning warships.

• Acceded: 11 May 973, Bath Abbey, Bath England. Bath Abbey stands at the heart of the city of Bath; during the past twelve and a half centuries, three different churches have occupied this site:

An Anglo-Saxon Abbey Church dating from 757, pulled down by the Norman conquerors of England soon after 1066;

A massive Norman cathedral begun about 1090. It was larger than the monastery could afford to maintain and by the end of the 15th century was in ruins;

The present Abbey church founded in 1499, ruined after the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539 by order of Henry VIII.

• Reigned: He was not crowned until 973, St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury, disaproved of his way of life., 959 975.

Edgar married Aethelflaeda "The Fair" in 964 in Wessex, England.

Children:

24        i.  Saint Aethelred II "The Unready", King of England (born in 968 Wessex, England - died on 23 Apr 1016 in London, Middlesex, England)

49. Aethelflaeda "The Fair" was born about 945 in Lydford Castle, Devon, England, died on 17 Nov 1002 in Wherwell Abbey, Longparish, Hampshire, about age 57, and was buried in Wilton Abbey, Wiltshire.

Became a nun in 986

Aethelflaeda married Edgar "The Peaceful", King of England in 964 in Wessex, England.

50. Thored Gunnarsson, Earldorman of Northumbria was born about 938 in Wessex, England.

Thored married Hilda

Children:

25        i.  Aelfgifu of Wessex , Queen of England (born in 963 Wessex, England - died in Feb 1002 in London, Middlesex, England)

51. Hilda was born in England.

Hilda married Thored Gunnarsson, Earldorman of Northumbria .

52. Aelfgar, Earl of Mercia & East Anglia was born about 1002 in Mercia, England, died in 1059 in Coventry, Warwickshire, England, about age 57, and was buried in Coventry, Warwickshire, England.

Aelfgar married Elfgifu, Princess of England .

Children:

26     i.  Morcar, High Reeve in Northumbria (born about 960 Northumbria, Yorkshire, England)
         ii.   William de Malet, Lord de Malet, Governor of York Castle (born in 1027 Mercia, England - died in 1071 in York, England, Slain Defending York Castle)

53. Elfgifu, Princess of England, daughter of Saint Aethelred II "The Unready" , King of England and Aelfgifu of Wessex, Queen of England , was born about 997 in Wessex, England and died in 1068, about age 71.

Elfgifu married Aelfgar, Earl of Mercia & East Anglia .

54. Wulfric, Ealdorman in Mercia, son of Wulfrum, Lord of Tamworth and Aelfhelm of Northampton, was born in Northumbria, Yorkshire, England.

Children:

27        i.  Eadgyth (born in 970 Northumbria, Yorkshire, England)

56. Taksony of Hungary, Prince of Magyars, son of Zoltan of Hungary, Prince of Magyars and Men, Princess of Bihar, was born in 931 in Szekesfehervar, Fejar, Hungary and died in 972, at age 41.

Taksony married Daughter of Kumanien , Princess of Cumania in 947.

Children:

28        i.  Géza "Great", Prince of Hungary (born in 949 Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary - died on 1 Feb 997 in Hungary)

57. Daughter of Kumanien, Princess of Cumania was born in Cumania, Hungary.

Daughter married Taksony of Hungary, Prince of Magyars in 947.

58. Gyula, Prince of Siebenburgen was born about 921 in Transylvania (Romania).

Children:

29        i.  Sarolta of Transylvania (born in 945 Transylvania (Romania)

60. Henry "The Quarrelsome" Duke of Lorraine, son of Henry I "The Fowler", Duke of Saxony, King of Germany and Saint Matilda, Countess of Ringelheim, Queen of the Germans, was born in 918 in Saxony, Germany and died on 1 Nov 955, at age 37.

Henry married Judith of Bavaria in 938.

Children:

30        i.  Henry "The Wrangler", Duke of Bavaria (born in 985 Saxony, Germany - died on 7 May 1065)

61. Judith of Bavaria, daughter of Arnulf "The Bad", Duke of Bavaria and Judith Waldrada, of Friuli , was born about 925 in Nordgau, Swabia, Bavaria and died on 28 Jun 987, about age 62.

Judith married Henry "The Quarrelsome", Duke of Lorraine in 938.

62. Conrad I "The Pacific" King of France, son of Rudolph II, King of Burgundy and Bertha von Swabia, Queen of Burgundy, was born in 923 in Arles, Bouche-Du-Rhones, France and died on 19 Oct 993, at age 70.

Conrad married Adelaide of Bellay .

Children:

          i.  Conrad II , Count of Auxerre (born in 825 Arles, Bouche-Du-Rhones, France - died in 876 in Burgundy, France)
31       ii.  Gisele de Bourgogne (born in 955 Bourgogne, France - died on 21 Jul 1006)

63. Adelaide of Bellay, daughter of Gebhard Logenahe, Count in the Ufgau and Adela de Vermandois, was born in 930 in Montreuil-Bellay, Anjou, Maine, France and died on 23 Mar 963, at age 33.

Adelaide married Conrad I "The Pacific", King of France .

  Seventh Generation  

---

64. Duncan mac Donachadh Abbott of Dunkeld, son of Duncan, Priest of Dull, Abbot of Dunkfield, was born in 920 in Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland and died in 965 in Duncrub, Perthshire, Scotland (Battle), at age 45.

Children:

32        i.  Duncan (born about 949 Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland)

68. Kenneth III, King of Scotland, son of Dubh (Duff), King of Scotland, was born about 962 in Scotland and died on 25 Mar 1005 in Monzievaird, Perthshire, Scotland, about age 43.

Children:

34        i.  Boede, Earl of Northumbria, Chief of Clan Duff (born about 990 Scotland)

72. Malcolm I, King of Alba 943-954, son of Donald I, King of Alba 859-863, was born in 897 in Scotland and died in 954 in Fetteresso, Dunnottar, Scotland - Killed in Battle, at age 57.

Children:

36        i.  Kenneth II, King of Alba 971-995,King of Lothian (born in 932 Scotland - died in 995 in Murdered, Finela's Castle, Fettercairn, Kincardineshire, Scotland)

88. Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland was born in Northumberland, England.

Waltheof married Elfeda .

Children:

44        i.  Uchtred I, Prince & Earl of Northumberland (born about 961 Northumberland, England - died in 1016 in Wighill, Yorkshire, England (Murdered By Thursband))

89. Elfeda was born in Northumberland, England.

Elfeda married Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland .

96. Edmund I "The Elder" "The Magnificent", King of England, son of Edward I "The Elder", King of the West Saxons and Eadgifu, Queen of England, was born about 921 in Wessex, England, died on 26 May 946 in Murdered, Pucklechurch, England, about age 25, and was buried in Glastonbury Abbey, Somersetshire, England.

King of England 939-946

When Athelstan, King of England, died in 939, his brother Edmund succeeded him.
In 940, Edmund lost the Five Boroughs (Danish Mercia) to the Danes, but in 942 regained it. In 944, Edmund reconquered all of Northumbria. In 945, Edmund conquered all of Cumbria, giving it to King Malcolm of Scotland on the condition of an alliance.

Edmund married St. Aelfgifu, Queen of England .

Children:

48        i.  Edgar "The Peaceful" , King of England (born in 944 Wessex, England - died on 8 Jul 975 in Winchester, Hampshire, England)

97. St. Aelfgifu, Queen of England, daughter of Edward I "The Elder", King of the West Saxons and Aelflaed of Wiltshire, Queen of Englan , was born about 922 in Wessex, England and died on 25 Aug 968 in Wessex, England, about age 46.

Aelfgifu married Ebles Mancer de Aquitaine, Count of Poitou, Duke of Aquitain , son of Ranulph II, Count of Poitiers, Duke of Aquataine and Adelaide of Aquitaine, Princess of France, about 928. Ebles was born about 889 in Poitiers, Vienna, France and died on 14 Oct 962 in Poitiers, Vienna, France, about age 73.

Children:

          i.   William I, Count of Poitiers & Auvergne, Duke of Aquitaine (born in 922 Poitiers, Cienne, Poitou-Charentes, France - died on 3 Apr 963 in Poitiers, Vienna, France)

106. Saint Aethelred II "The Unready", King of England, son of Edgar "The Peaceful" , King of England and Aethelflaeda "The Fair", was born in 968 in Wessex, England, died on 23 Apr 1016 in London, Middlesex, England, at age 48, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Middlesex County, England.

107. Aelfgifu of Wessex, Queen of England, daughter of Thored Gunnarsson, Earldorman of Northumbria and Hilda , was born in 963 in Wessex, England and died in Feb 1002 in London, Middlesex, England, at age 39.

108. Wulfrum, Lord of Tamworth was born about 910 in Tamworth, capital of Mercia.

Wulfrun was taken prisoner at Farnworth, 943.

Wulfrum married Aelfhelm of Northampton .

Children:

54        i.  Wulfric, Ealdorman in Mercia (born in Northumbria, Yorkshire, England)

109. Aelfhelm of Northampton, daughter of Leofwine, Thegn of Mercia and Alwara , Countess of Mercia , was born in 938 in Mercia, England and died in 1006 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, at age 68.

Aelfhelm married Wulfrum, Lord of Tamworth .

112. Zoltan of Hungary, Prince of Magyars, son of Arpad of Hungary, Prince of Magyars, was born in 907 in Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary and died in 947, at age 40.

Zoltan married Men, Princess of Bihar 

Children:

56        i.  Taksony of Hungary, Prince of Magyars (born in 931 Szekesfehervar, Fejar, Hungary - died in 972)

113. Men, Princess of Bihar, daughter of Marot, Prince of Bihar, was born in 900 in Bihar, Hungary.

Men married Zoltan of Hungary, Prince of Magyars .

120. Henry I "The Fowler" Duke of Saxony, King of Germany, son of Otto I, Duke of Saxony and Hedwige, Empress of Holy Roman Empire, was born in 876 in Saxony, Germany and died on 2 Jul 936 in Memleben, Thuringia, Saxony, Germany, at age 60.

Henry married Saint Matilda, Countess of Ringelheim, Queen of the Germans about 909.

Children:

          i.   Otto I "The Great", King of the Germans, Holy Roman Emperor (born on 23 Nov 912 Brunswick, Germany - died on 7 May 973 in Thuringia)
         ii.   Hedwige, Princess of the Holy Roman Empire (born in 910 Saxony, Germany - died on 14 Mar 964 965 in Aix La Chapelle, Austrasia)
60      iii.   Henry "The Quarrelsome" , Duke of Lorraine (born in 918 Saxony, Germany - died on 1 Nov 955)
         iv.   Gerberga, Lady of Saxony (born in 914 Nordhausen, Saxony, Prussia - died on 5 May 984 in Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France)

121. Saint Matilda, Countess of Ringelheim, Queen of the Germans, daughter of Theudebert Dietrich, Duke of Saxony, Count of Westphalia and Ludmilla Ragnhildis, Countess of Ringelheim, was born in 877 in Kiev, Ukraine, Russia, died on 14 May 968 in Memleben, Thuringia, Saxony, Germany, at age 91, and was buried in Quedlinburg.

Matilda married Henry I "The Fowler" , Duke of Saxony, King of Germany about 909.

122. Arnulf "The Bad" Duke of Bavaria, son of Liutpold, Margrave of Bavaria and Kunigunde of Swabia , was born about 886 in Nordgau, Swabia, Bavaria and died on 14 Jul 937 in Reginsburg, Germany, about age 51.

Arnulf married Judith Waldrada of Friuli about 910.

Children:

61        i.  Judith of Bavaria (born about 925 Nordgau, Swabia, Bavaria - died on 28 Jun 987)

123. Judith Waldrada of Friuli, daughter of Eberhard, Count of Friuli and Gisela, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire  was born about 845 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy.

Judith married Conrad II , Count of Auxerre, son of Conrad I "The Pacific", King of France and Adelaide of Bellay. Conrad was born in 825 in Arles, Bouche-Du-Rhones, France and died in 876 in Burgundy, France, at age 51.

Children:

          i.  Adelaide of Auxerre (born about 850 Bourgogne, France)
         ii.  Rudolph I, Duke of Burgundy (born about 847 Bourgogne, France - died on 6 Oct 911)

124. Rudolph II, King of Burgundy, son of Rudolph I , Duke of Burgundy and Gisela (Willa) , was born in 902 in Bourgogne, France and died on 11 Aug 937, at age 35.

Rudolph married Bertha von Swabia, Queen of Burgundy about 924.

Children:

62        i.  Conrad I "The Pacific", King of France (born in 923 Arles, Bouche-Du-Rhones, France - died on 19 Oct 993)

125. Bertha von Swabia, Queen of Burgundy, daughter of Burchard I, Duke of Swabia and Reginlinde of Nellensburg , was born in 907 in Bourgogne, France and died on 11 Aug 967, at age 60.

Bertha married Rudolph II , King of Burgundy about 924.

126. Gebhard Logenahe, Count in the Ufgau, son of Everhart "the Old" and Wiltrud , was born about 895 in Germany.

Gebhard married Adela de Vermandois .

Children:

63        i.   Adelaide , of Bellay (born in 930 Montreuil-Bellay, Anjou, Maine, France - died on 23 Mar 963)

127. Adela de Vermandois, daughter of Herbert II de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois, Troyes, Meaux and Liegard Capet, Princess of France, was born in St. Quinton, Vermandois, Normandy, France.

Adela married Gebhard Logenahe, Count in the Ufgau .

  Eighth Generation  

---

128. Duncan, Priest of Dull, Abbot of Dunkfield, son of Conall Gulban, King of Tirconnel, was born in Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland.

Children:

64        i.  Duncan mac Donachadh, Abbott of Dunkeld (born in 920 Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland - died in 965 in Duncrub, Perthshire, Scotland in Battle

136. Dubh (Duff) King of Scotland was born about 930 in Scotland and died in 967 in Scotland, about age 37.

Children:

68        i.  Kenneth III, King of Scotland (born about 962 Scotland - died on 25 Mar 1005 in Monzievaird, Perthshire, Scotland)

144. Donald I, King of Alba 859-863, son of Constantine I , King of Alba 863-977, was born in 862 in Inverdoval, Fife, Scotland, died in 900 in Killed Forres, Moray, Scotland, at age 38, and was buried in Iona Island, Highlands, Scotland.

Children:

72        i.  Malcolm I, King of Alba 943-954 (born in 897 Scotland - died in 954 in Fetteresso, Dunnottar, Scotland - Killed in Battle)

192. Edward I "The Elder", King of the West Saxons, son of Alfred "the Great" , King of West Saxons and Ealhswith of the Gaini , was born about 871 in Wessex, England, died on 17 Jul 924 in Farndon-on-Dee, Cheshire, England, about age 53, and was buried in Winchester Cathedral, Hampshire, England.

Edward I, the Elder (900-24 AD)

Son of Alfred the Great, Edward immediately succeeded his father to the throne. His main achievement was to use the military platform created by his father to bring back, under English control, the whole of the Danelaw, south of the Humber River.

• Acceded: 31 May 900, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, England.

• Reigned: 899 924.

• Defeated the Danes: taking East Anglia, 918.

• Conquered Mercia: 918.

• Conquered Northumbria: 920.

Edward married Eadgifu, Queen of England in 919 in Berkshire, England.

Children:

96        i.   Edmund I "The Elder", "The Magnificent", King of England (born about 921 Wessex, England - died on 26 May 946 in Murdered, Pucklechurch, England)
         ii.   Eadgyth, Princess of England (born about 910 Wessex, England - died on 26 Jan 946 in Saxony, Germany)
        iii.   Aelgifu, Princess of England (born about 904 Wessex, England - died about 951)

193. Eadgifu, Queen of England, daughter of Sigehelm, Ealdorman of Kent, Lord of Meapham & Culings, was born in 896 in Kent County, England, died on 25 Aug 968 in Kent County, England, at age 72, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England.

Eadgifu married Edward I "The Elder" , King of the West Saxons in 919 in Berkshire, England.

194. Edward I "The Elder" King of the West Saxons, son of Alfred "the Great", King of West Saxons and Ealhswith of the Gaini, was born about 871 in Wessex, England, died on 17 Jul 924 in Farndon-on-Dee, Cheshire, England, about age 53, and was buried in Winchester Cathedral, Hampshire, England.

195. Aelflaed of Wiltshire, Queen of England, daughter of Aethelhelm, Archbishop of Canterbury and Aethelglyth of Mercia, Heiress of Risborough , was born about 878 in Wessex, England, died in 920 in England, about age 42, and was buried in Winchester Cathedral, London, England.

Aelflaed married Edward I "The Elder" , King of the West Saxons about 892.

Children:

97      i.   St. Aelfgifu, Queen of England (born about 922 Wessex, England - died on 25 Aug 968 in Wessex, England)
         ii.   Alberic, Prince of England (born about 910 Wessex, England)

218. Leofwine, Thegn of Mercia, son of Edulph and Elfwine of Mercia, was born in 950 in Mercia, England and died in 1028, at age 78.

Leofwine married Alwara, Countess of Mercia .

Children:

109    i.  Aelfhelm of Northampton (born in 938 Mercia, England - died in 1006 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England)
         ii.   Leofric III, Earl of Mercia (born in 968 Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England - died on 31 Aug 1057 in Bromley, Staffordshire, England)

219. Alwara, Countess of Mercia, daughter of Athelstan Mannesson and Aelfwyn, Lady of Mercia , was born about 955 in Mercia, England.

Alwara married Leofwine, Thegn of Mercia .

224. Arpad of Hungary, Prince of Magyars, son of Almos of Hungary, Prince of Magyars, was born in 840 in Pannonia, Hungary and died in 907 in Budapest, Hungary, at age 67.

Children:

112       i.  Zoltan, of Hungary, Prince of Magyars (born in 907 Esztergom, Komarom-Esztergom, Hungary - died in 947)

226. Marot Prince of Bihar was born in 874 in Bihar, Hungary.

Children:

113       i.  Men, Princess of Bihar (born in 900 Bihar, Hungary)

240. Otto I, Duke of Saxony, son of Ludolph, Duke of Saxony and Heilwise of Friuli, was born in 851 in Saxony, Germany and died on 30 Nov 912 in Saxony, Germany, at age 61.

Otto married Hedwige, Empress of Holy Roman Empire .

Children:

120       i.  Henry I "The Fowler", Duke of Saxony, King of Germany (born in 876 Saxony, Germany - died on 2 Jul 936 in Memleben, Thuringia, Saxony, Germany)

241. Hedwige, Empress of Holy Roman Empire, daughter of Arnulf of Carinthia de Heristal, King of Germany and Oda of Bavaria , was born in 856 in Bavaria, Germany and died on 24 Dec 903 in Germany, at age 47.

Hedwige married Otto I, Duke of Saxony .

242. Theudebert Dietrich, Duke of Saxony, Count of Westphalia, son of Nibelung III , Count in Burgundy, was born in 853 in Ringelheim, Gosair, Hannover, Germany and died in 920, at age 67.

Theudebert married Ludmilla Ragnhildis, Countess of Ringelheim .

Children:

121       i.  Saint Matilda, Countess of Ringelheim, Queen of the Germans (born in 877 Kiev, Ukraine, Russia - died on 14 May 968 in Memleben, Thuringia, Saxony, Germany)

243. Ludmilla Ragnhildis, Countess of Ringelheim, daughter of Gottfried Reinhild and Matilda Dunkeld, was born about 858 in Germany.

Ludmilla married Theudebert Dietrich, Duke of Saxony, Count of Westphalia .

244. Liutpold, Margrave of Bavaria was born in Bavaria and died on 4 Jul 907.

Liutpold married Kunigunde of Swabia .

Children:

122       i.  Arnulf "The Bad" , Duke of Bavaria (born about 886 Nordgau, Swabia, Bavaria - died on 14 Jul 937 in Reginsburg, Germany)

245. Kunigunde of Swabia, daughter of Berthold, Pfalzgraf of Swabia, was born in Bavaria.

Kunigunde married Liutpold, Margrave of Bavaria .

246. Eberhard, Count of Friuli, son of Hunroch, Margrave of Friuli, Count of Ternoise and Engeltrude de Paris , was born about 836 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, died on 16 Dec 862 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, about age 26, and was buried in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France.

Eberhard married Gisela, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire about 836.

Children:

          i.   Berenger I, King of Italy, Emperor of Roman Empire (born about 840 Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, Murdered, Verona, Italy)
123   ii.  Judith Waldrada of Friuli (born about 845 Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy)
        iii.  Heilwise of Friuli (born in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy - died in 936)

247. Gisela, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire, daughter of Louis I "The Pious", of Aquitaine, King of France and Judith of Bavaria , was born about 818 in Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Germany and died on 1 Jul 874 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, about age 56.

Gisela married Eberhard, Count of Friuli about 836.

248. Rudolph I, Duke of Burgundy, son of Conrad II, Count of Auxerre and Judith Waldrada of Friuli, was born about 847 in Bourgogne, France and died on 6 Oct 911, about age 64.

Rudolph married Gisela (Willa) .

Children:

124       i.  Rudolph II, King of Burgundy (born in 902 Bourgogne, France - died on 11 Aug 937)

249. Gisela (Willa), daughter of Boso III "the Old", Count in Turin and Richeut, d' Amiens, was born in 862 in Bourgogne, France and died on 14 Jun 929, at age 67.

Gisela married Rudolph I, Duke of Burgundy .

250. Burchard I, Duke of Swabia, son of Burchard I, Count of Retie & Coi, was born about 882 in Bourgogne, France and died in 926 in Ivrea, Turin, Italy, about age 44.

Burchard married Reginlinde of Nellensburg .

Children:

125       i.  Bertha von Swabia, Queen of Burgundy (born in 907 Bourgogne, France - died on 11 Aug 967)

251. Reginlinde of Nellensburg was born about 887 in Roches, France and died in Ufenau Island, Zurich, Switzerland.

Reginlinde married Burchard I, Duke of Swabia .

252. Everhart "the Old", son of Eudes I , Count of Logenahe and Judith of Argengau , was born about 858 in Germany and died in 902, about age 44.

Everhart married Wiltrud .

Children:

126       i.  Gebhard Logenahe, Count in the Ufgau (born about 895 Germany)

253. Wiltrud was born in 862 in Germany and died in 933, at age 71.

Wiltrud married Everhart "the Old" .

254. Herbert II de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois, Troyes, Meaux, son of Herbert I de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois & Soissons and Bertha de Morvais (Capet) , was born in St. Quinton, Vermandois, Normandy, France and died on 23 Feb 943 in St. Quinton, Vermandois, Normandy, France.

Herbert married Liegard Capet, Princess of France .

Children:

          i.   Adela (Alice Adelaide Adele) de Vermandois (born in 915 Vermandois, Normandy, France - died on 10 Oct 960 in Bruges, Aquitaine, France)
         ii.   Robert de Vermandois, Count of Troye (born in 920 Vermandois, Normandy, France - died on 29 Aug 967)
        iii.   Luitgarde de Vermandois, Duchess of Normandy (born in 915 920 Vermandois, Normandy, France - buried in Abbey of Saint-Pere a Chartres, France)

255. Liegard Capet, Princess of France, daughter of Robert I Capet, Count of Paris and Beatrix de Vermandois, was born about 895 in Vermandois, Normandy, France and died in Roches, France.

Liegard married Count Renaud de Reimes . Renaud was born in Roches, France.

Children:

          i.   Giselbert, Count in the Maasgau (born about 830 Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France - died about 892 in Rheims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France)

  Ninth Generation  

---

256. Conall Gulban, King of Tirconnel, son of Niall Noigiallach, 126th Monarch of Ireland and Rignach, died in 464.

Children:

128       i.  Duncan, Priest of Dull, Abbot of Dunkfield (born in Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland)

288. Constantine I, King of Alba 863-977, son of Kenneth I mac Alpin, King of Alba 841-859, was born about 836 in Inverdoval, Fife, Scotland, died in 877 in Black Cove, Angus, Scotland in battle with the Danes, about age 41, and was buried in Iona Island, Highlands, Scotland.

Children:

144       i.  Donald I, King of Alba 859-863 (born in 862 Inverdoval, Fife, Scotland - died in 900, Killed in Forres, Moray, Scotland)

384. Alfred "the Great" King of West Saxons, son of Æthelwulf, King of Wessex and Osburga of Isle of Wight, was born in 849 in Wantage, Berkshire, England, died on 28 Oct 899 in Winchester, Hampshire, England, at age 50, and was buried in Hyde Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England.

Alfred, the Great
(871-900 AD)

Youngest son of King Æthelwulf, Alfred became King of Wessex during a time of constant Viking attack. He was driven into hiding by a Viking raid into Wessex, led by the Dane, Guthorm, and took refuge in the Athelney marshes in Somerset. There, he recovered sufficient strength to be able to defeat the Danes decisively at the Battle of Eddington. As a condition of the peace treaty which followed, Guthorm received Christian baptism and withdrew his forces from Wessex, with Alfred recognizing the Danish control over East Anglia and parts of Mercia. This partition of England, called the "Danelaw", was formalized by another treaty in 886.

Alfred created a series of fortifications to surround his kingdom and provide needed security from invasion. The Anglo-Saxon word for these forts, "burhs", has come down to us in the common place-name suffix, "bury." He also constructed a fleet of ships to augment his other defenses, and in so doing became known as the "Father of the English Navy." The reign of Alfred was known for more than military success. He was a codifier of law, a promoter of education and a suppor|er of the arts. He, himself, was a scholar and translated Latin books into the Anglo-Saxon tongue. The definitive contemporary work on Alfred's life is an unfinished account in Latin by Asser, a Welshman, bishop of Sherbourne and Alfred's counsellor. After his death, he was buried in his capital city of Winchester, and is the only English monarch in history to carry the title, "the Great."

• Reigned: 871 899.

Alfred married Ealhswith of the Gaini in 868 in Winchester, England.

Children:

192       i.  Edward I "The Elder", King of the West Saxons (born about 871 Wessex, England - died on 17 Jul 924 in Farndon-on-Dee, Cheshire, England)
         ii.   Aefthryth of Wessex, Princess of England (born about 871 Wessex, England - died on 7 Jun 929 in Ghent, Flanders, Belgium)
        iii.  Ethelfleda, Princess of England (born in 869 Wessex, England - buried on 12 Jun 918 in St.Peters, Goucesters, England)

385. Ealhswith of the Gaini, daughter of Aethelred "The Great", Ealdorman of the Gainas, Edburgh of the Royal House and Eadburga of Mercia, was born about 852 in Mercia, England, died on 5 Dec 905 in St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester, Dorset, England, about age 53, and was buried in Winchester Cathedral, London, England.

Became a nun at widowhood. Reputed as a saint after death.

Ealhswith married Alfred "the Great" , King of West Saxons in 868 in Winchester, England.

386. Sigehelm, Ealdorman of Kent, Lord of Meapham & Culings was born about 857 in Kent County, England.

Children:

193       i.  Eadgifu, Queen of England (born in 896 Kent County, England - died on 25 Aug 968 in Kent County, England)

390. Aethelhelm Archbishop of Canterbury, son of Aethelred I, King of Wessex and Wulfthryth , was born about 868 in England and died on 8 Jan 923 in Killed, about age 55.

Aethelhelm married Aethelglyth of Mercia, Heiress of Risborough .

Children:

195       i.  Aelflaed of Wiltshire, Queen of England (born about 878 Wessex, England - died in 920 in England)

391. Aethelglyth of Mercia, Heiress of Risborough was born about 860 in Risborough, England.

Aethelglyth married Aethelhelm, Archbishop of Canterbury .

436. Edulph, son of Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon and Redburch , was born in 921 in Mercia, England.

Edulph married Elfwine of Mercia .

Children:

218       i.   Leofwine, Thegn of Mercia (born in 950 Mercia, England - died in 1028)

437. Elfwine of Mercia, daughter of Aethelred, Earl of Mercia and Ethelfleda, Princess of England, was born in 905 in Mercia, England.

Elfwine married Edulph .

438. Athelstan Mannesson, son of Mannc, was born about 925 in Mercia, England.

Athelstan married Aelfwyn, Lady of Mercia .

Children:

219       i.   Alwara, Countess of Mercia (born about 955 Mercia, England)

439. Aelfwyn, Lady of Mercia, daughter of Aethelred, Earl of Mercia and Ethelfleda, Princess of England, was born about 905 in Mercia, England.

Aelfwyn married Athelstan Mannesson .

448. Almos of Hungary, Prince of Magyars, son of Ogyek, of the Magyars, Prince of Hungary and Emese of Hungary, Princess of the Magyars , was born in 820 in Ukraine Kyivan-Rus Empire and died in 895, at age 75.

Children:

224       i.  Arpad of Hungary, Prince of Magyars (born in 840 Pannonia, Hungary - died in 907 in Budapest, Hungary)

480. Ludolph, Duke of Saxony, son of Bruno, Count of Saxony and Suanna, Countess of Montfort , was born in 826 in Saxony, Germany and died in 866 in Saxony, Germany, at age 40.

Ludolph married Heilwise of Friuli.

Children:

240       i.   Otto I, Duke of Saxony (born in 851 Saxony, Germany - died on 30 Nov 912 in Saxony, Germany)

481. Heilwise of Friuli, daughter of Eberhard, Count of Friuli and Gisela, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire, was born in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy and died in 936.

Heilwise married Ludolph, Duke of Saxony .

482. Arnulf of Carinthia de Heristal, King of Germany, son of Carloman, King of Bavaria & Italy , Carinthia, Pannonia, & Moravia and Litwinde of Carinthia , was born in 850 in Bavaria, Germany and died on 8 Dec 899, at age 49.

Arnulf married Oda of Bavaria .

Children:

241       i.  Hedwige, Empress of Holy Roman Empire (born in 856 Bavaria, Germany - died on 24 Dec 903 in Germany)

483. Oda of Bavaria was born in Bavaria, Germany.

Oda married Arnulf of Carinthia de Heristal, King of Germany .

484. Nibelung III, Count in Burgundy, son of Nibelung II, Count in Hesbaye and Bertha (Auba) of Autun, was born in Roches, France.

Children:

242       i.  Theudebert Dietrich, Duke of Saxony, Count of Westphalia (born in 853 Ringelheim, Gosair, Hannover, Germany - died in 920)

486. Gottfried Reinhild was born about 820 in Friesland, Germany.

Gottfried married Matilda Dunkeld.

Children:

243       i.  Ludmilla Ragnhildis, Countess of Ringelheim (born about 858 Germany)

487. Matilda Dunkeld was born about 820 in Friesland, Germany.

Matilda married Gottfried Reinhild .

490. Berthold Pfalzgraf of Swabia was born in Bavaria.

Children:

245       i.  Kunigundeof Swabia (born in Bavaria)

492. Hunroch, Margrave of Friuli, Count of Ternoise was born about 760 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy and died in 839 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, about age 79.

Hunroch married Engeltrude de Paris .

Children:

246       i.   Eberhard, Count of Friuli (born about 836 Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy - died on 16 Dec 862 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy)
         ii.   Daughter of Hunroch (born about 810 Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy)

493. Engeltrude de Paris, daughter of Beggen I, Count of Paris, Chamberlain of Louis of Aquitaine and Alpaide (Alpais), Princess of France & the Holy Roman Empire, was born about 790 in Paris, Seine, France and died in 856 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, about age 66.

Engeltrude married Hunroch, Margrave of Friuli, Count of Ternoise .

494. Louis I "The Pious" of Aquitaine, King of France, son of Charlemagne, King of Franks, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire and Hildegard, Countess of Vinzgau , was born in Aug 778 in Casseneuil, Lot-et-Garonne, France, died on 20 Jun 840 in Ingelheim, Rhinehessen, Hesse, at age 61, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia.

Louis married Ermengarde, Princess of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingeramne [Ingram], Duke of Hesbaye, in 798 in Roches, France. Ermengarde was born about 778 in Hesbaye, Liege, Belgium and died on 3 Oct 818 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France, about age 40.

Children:

          i.   Louis II "The German", King of the East Franks, Holy Roman Emperor (born in 805 Roches, France - died on 12 Aug 875 in Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Germany)
         ii.   Adelahide, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire (born about 824 Tours, Ingre-et-Loire, France - died about 866 in Roches, France)
        iii.   Lothaire I, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (born in 795 Roches, France - died on 29 Sep 855 in Abbey of Prum, Germany)

495. Judith of Bavaria, daughter of Welf I Altdorf, Count of Bavaria in the Entgau and Heilwig "Eigilwich", Abbess of Chelles was born in Altdorf, Bavaria and died on 19 Apr 843 in Tours, Ingre-et-Loire, France.

Judith married Louis I "The Pious", of Aquitaine, King of France in Feb 819 in Aix La Chapelle, Austrasia.

Children:

247   i.  Gisela, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire (born about 818 Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Germany - died on 1 Jul 874 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy)
         ii.   Charles II "The Bald", King West Franks, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire (born on 13 Jun 823 Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Germany - died on 6 Oct 877 in Brides Les Bains, Bourgogne, France)

496. Conrad II, Count of Auxerre, son of Conrad I "The Pacific", King of France and Adelaide of Bellay , was born in 825 in Arles, Bouche-Du-Rhones, France and died in 876 in Burgundy, France, at age 51.

Conrad married Judith Waldrada, of Friuli .

497. Judith Waldrada of Friuli, daughter of Eberhard, Count of Friuli and Gisela, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire , was born about 845 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy.

498. Boso III "the Old", Count in Turin, son of Boso II, Count in Italy, was born about 830 in Turin, Italy.

Boso married Richeut d' Amiens .

Children:

          i.   Richilde of Arles (born about 825 Arles, Provence, France)
249    ii.  Gisela (Willa) (born in 862 Bourgogne, France - died on 14 Jun 929)

499. Richeut d' Amiens, daughter of Richard le Viking, Seigneur d'Amiens and Daughter of Aubert, de Cambrai, was born in 800 in Amiens, France.

Richeut married Boso III "the Old", Count in Turin .

500. Burchard I, Count of Retie & Coi was born in Roches, France and died in 911.

Children:

250       i.  Burchard I, Duke of Swabia (born about 882 Bourgogne, France - died in 926 in Ivrea, Turin, Italy)

504. Eudes I, Count of Logenahe was born about 848 in Franconia, a duchy of medieval Germany and died about 879, about age 31.

Eudes married Judith of Argengau .

Children:

252       i.  Everhart "the Old" (born about 858 Germany - died in 902)

505. Judith of Argengau, daughter of Conrad I of Burgundy , Count of Paris And Auxerre and Adélaïde of Tours , was born about 840 in Roches, France.

Judith married Eudes I , Count of Logenahe .

508. Herbert I de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois & Soissons, son of Pepin, Count of Senis & Peronne and Daughter of Theodoric, was born in 848 in Vermandois, Normandy, France and died in 902 in Vermandois, Normandy, France, at age 54.

Herbert married Bertha de Morvais (Capet) .

Children:

          i.  Beatrix de Vermandois (born in 880 Vermandois, Normandy, France - died in 931 in Roches, France)
254      ii.  Herbert II de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois, Troyes, Meaux (born in St. Quinton, Vermandois, Normandy, France - died on 23 Feb 943 in St. Quinton, Vermandois, Normandy, France)
        iii.   Sprota of Senlis (born in 911 Bretagne, Normandy, France)

509. Bertha de Morvais (Capet), daughter of Robert "Fortis" Capet, Count of Paris & Orleans, Marquis of Neustria and Adelahide, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire , was born about 850 in Vermandois, Normandy, France and died in Vermandois, Normandy, France.

Bertha married Herbert I de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois & Soissons .

510. Robert I Capet, Count of Paris, son of Robert "Fortis" Capet, Count of Paris & Orleans, Marquis of Neustria and Adelahide, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire, was born in 865 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France and died on 15 Jun 923, Killed, Soissons, France, at age 58.

Robert married Beatrix de Vermandois in Roches, France.

Children:

255       i.  Liegard Capet, Princess of France (born about 895 Vermandois, Normandy, France - , died in Roches, France)
         ii.   Hugh "Magnus" Capet, Duke of Franks, Count of Paris & Orleans (born about 895 Paris, Seine, France - died on 16 Jun 956 in Deurdan, Dourdan, France)

511. Beatrix de Vermandois, daughter of Herbert I de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois & Soissons and Bertha de Morvais (Capet) , was born in 880 in Vermandois, Normandy, France and died in 931 in Roches, France, at age 51.

Beatrix married Robert I Capet, Count of Paris in Roches, France.

  Tenth Generation

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512. Niall Noigiallach, 126th Monarch of Ireland died in 405 in Scotland.

Niall married Rignach .

Children:

256       i.  Conall Gulban, King of Tirconnel (died in 464)

513. Rignach, daughter of Meadaib and Unknown .

Rignach married Niall Noigiallach, 126th Monarch of Ireland.

576. Kenneth I mac Alpin, King of Alba 841-859, son of Alpin mac Eochaid, King of Dalriada 839-841, was born about 810 in Gaelic Kingdom of Dal Riata Scotland and died on 6 Feb 859 in Fortevoit, Tayside, Scotland, about age 49.

Constantine mac Aed, King of Alba 900-943

Constantine mac Aed (Constantine II), the grandson of Kenneth MacAlpine, began his life as an exile. In 878 AD his father, Aed, had been slain by a Giric, son of Dungal, and Constantine, a young boy at the time, fled to Ireland where he was brought up by monks surrounded in Gaelic culture.

In 889 AD he returned with his cousin Domnall to wreak revenge on Giric. Domnall took the kingship of the Picts initially, but shortly afterwards was slain by the Vikings - Dark Age kingships were often painfully short! So it was that in his early twenties, Constantine mac Aed became King of Pictland.

The kingdom had been nearly destroyed by the Vikings, but its peoples, Picts and Gael, faced with the prospect of Viking conquest, had drawn together. In 902 AD, the Vikings, under Ivar the Younger of Dublin, returned to seize Dunkeld, where St Columba’s relics were kept, and the rich farmlands around the River Tay. Constantine caught up with Ivar at Strathcarron in 904 AD, and, in a bitter struggle, Ivar and his Viking army were massacred.

With the defeat of the Vikings, regeneration of the kingdom was Constantine’s top priority. He remodelled the church along Gaelic lines and brought in a system of mormaers (earls) to defend the kingdom more efficiently. He also renamed the territory, Alba, which is actually means Britain in Gaelic. Pictland was remade in a Gaelic image and the Scottish nation was launched.

Constantine continued to extend Alba’s influence across Scotland. The east coast, south of the river Forth and modern-day Edinburgh, was Angle territory and often very hostile at that, until 918 AD, when Constantine led his army into Northumbria. At the Battle of Corbridge, he forced Ragnall, the Viking King of York, to withdraw from the Angle earldom of Northumbria that stretched from Lothian to the Tyne. In return the restored earl, Eadred, recognised Constantine as his overlord. For the first time much of the land in modern-day Scotland was either under the direct kingship of the King of Alba or was under his rule as overlord.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history

Children:

288       i.  Constantine I, King of Alba 863-977 (born about 836 Inverdoval, Fife, Scotland - died in 877 in Black Cove, Angus, Scotland in battle with the Danes)

768. Æthelwulf, King of Wessex, son of Ecgbert III, King of Wessex and Redburga (Raedburg), Queen of Wessex was born in 800 in Wessex, England, died on 13 Jan 858 in England, at age 58, and was buried in Winchester Cathedral, London, England.

Æthelwulf (839-58 AD)

Æthelwulf was the son of Egbert and a sub-king of Kent. He assumed the throne of Wessex upon his father's death in 839. His reign is characterized by the usual Viking invasions and repulsions common to all English rulers of the time, but the making of war was not his chief claim to fame.

Æthelwulf is remembered, however dimly, as a highly religious man who cared about the establishment and preservation of the church. He was also a wealthy man and controlled vast resources. Out of these resources, he gave generously, to Rome and to religious houses that were in need.

He was an only child, but had fathered five sons, by his first wife, Osburga. He recognized that there could be difficulties with contention over the succession. He devised a scheme which would guarantee (insofar as it was possible to do so) that each child would have his turn on the throne without having to worry about rival claims from his siblings.

Æthelwulf provided that the oldest living child would succeed to the throne and would control all the resources of the crown, without having them divided among the others, so that he would have adequate resources to rule. That he was able to provide for the continuation of his dynasty is a matter of record, but he was not able to guarantee familial harmony with his plan. This is proved by what we know of the foul plottings of his son, Æthelbald, while Æthelwulf was on pilgrimage to Rome in 855.

Æthelwulf was a wise and capable ruler, whose vision made possible the beneficial reign of his youngest son, Alfred the Great.

Ethelwulf left the kingdom to his eldest son Ethelbald and went on pilgrimage to Rome taking with him his youngest son Alfred. They were received by Pope Leo IV who confirmed Alfred2. Whilst returning, they stopped at the court of King Charles the Bald of the Franks where Ethelwulf took Charles' 12 year old daughter as his second wife. She was later to marry her step-son Ethelbald.

Æthelwulf married Osburga of Isle of Wight in 830.

Children:

384       i.  Alfred "the Great", King of West Saxons (born in 849 Wantage, Berkshire, England - died on 28 Oct 899 in Winchester, Hampshire, England)
         ii.  Aethelred I, King of Wessex (born about 844 Wantage, Berkshire, England - died in 871 in Basing Merton England)

769. Osburga of Isle of Wight, daughter of Oslac "The Thane", Grand Butler of England and Judith, was born in 810 in Isle of Wight, Hampshire, England and died in 853 in Kent County, England, at age 43.

Osburga married Æthelwulf, King of Wessex in 830.

770. Aethelred "The Great", Ealdorman of the Gainas, Edburgh of the Royal House, son of Mucelsson, was born about 825 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England.

Aethelred married Eadburga of Mercia.

Children:

385       i.   Ealhswith of the Gaini (born about 852 Mercia, England - died on 5 Dec 905 in St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester, Dorset, England)

771. Eadburga of Mercia, daughter of Wigmund of Mercia and Elfleda of Mercia, was born about 830 in Mercia, England.

Eadburga married Aethelred "The Great", Ealdorman of the Gainas, Edburgh of the Royal House.

780. Aethelred I, King of Wessex, son of Æthelwulf , King of Wessex and Osburga of Isle of Wight, was born about 844 in Wantage, Berkshire, England, died in 871 in Basing Merton England, about age 27, and was buried in Wimbourne Abbey, Dorset, England.

Æthelred I (866-71 AD)

Anglo-Saxon king of Wessex, and son of King Æthelwulf, who ruled England during a time of great pressure from the invading Danes. He was an affable man, a devoutly religious man and the older brother of Alfred the Great, his second-in-command in the resistance against the invaders. Together, they defeated the Danish kings Bagseg and Halfdan at the battle of Ashdown in 870.

Aethelred married Wulfthryth about 868.

Children:

390       i.  Aethelhelm, Archbishop of Canterbury, born about 868 England - Killed on 8 Jan 923 

781. Wulfthryth was born about 843 in England.

Wulfthryth married Aethelred I, King of Wessex about 868.

872. Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon was born about 917 in Devonshire, England.

Ordgar married Redburch .

Children:

436       i.  Edulph (born in 921 Mercia, England)

873. Redburch was born in 923 in Devonshire, England.

Redburch married Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon .

874. Aethelred, Earl of Mercia, son of Ceowulf, King of Wessex, was born about 865 in Mercia, England and died in 912, about age 47.

Aethelred married Ethelfleda, Princess of England .

Children:

439       i.   Aelfwyn, Lady of Mercia (born about 905 Mercia, England)
437      ii.   Elfwine,  Lady of Mercia (born in 905 Mercia, England)

875. Ethelfleda Princess of England, daughter of Alfred "the Great" , King of West Saxons and Ealhswith , of the Gaini , was born in 869 in Wessex, England and was buried on 12 Jun 918 in St.Peters, Goucesters, England.

Ethelfleda married Aethelred, Earl of Mercia.

876. Mannc was born in Mercia, England.

Children:

438       i.  Athelstan Mannesson (born about 925 Mercia, England)

878. Aethelred, Earl of Mercia, son of Ceowulf, King of Wessex, was born about 865 in Mercia, England and died in 912, about age 47.

879. Ethelfleda, Princess of England, daughter of Alfred "the Great" , King of West Saxons and Ealhswith of the Gaini , was born in 869 in Wessex, England and was buried on 12 Jun 918 in St.Peters, Goucesters, England.

896. Ogyek of the Magyars, Prince of Hungary was born in 796 in Dentumogeria, Central Asia and died about 819, about age 23.

Ogyek married Emese of Hungary, Princess of the Magyars about 819.

Children:

448       i.   Almos of Hungary, Prince of Magyars (born in 820 Ukraine Kyivan-Rus Empire - died in 895)

897. Emese of Hungary, Princess of the Magyars, daughter of Venedobel, Chief of the Magyars and Olnedobel, of the Magyars, was born about 800 in Dentumogeria, Central Asia.

Emese married Ogyek of the Magyars, Prince of Hungary about 819.

960. Bruno, Count of Saxony, son of Wigebertus, Duke of Saxony, was born in Saxony, Germany and died in Saxony, Germany.

Bruno married Suanna, Countess of Montfort.

Children:

480       i.   Ludolph, Duke of Saxony (born in 826 Saxony, Germany - died in 866 in Saxony, Germany)

961. Suanna, Countess of Montfort was born in 790 in Saxony, Germany.

Suanna married Bruno, Count of Saxony.

962. Eberhard, Count of Friuli, son of Hunroch, Margrave of Friuli, Count of Ternoise and Engeltrude de Paris, was born about 836 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, died on 16 Dec 862 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, about age 26, and was buried in Cysoing, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France.

963. Gisela, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire, daughter of Louis I "The Pious" of Aquitaine, King of France and Judith of Bavaria , was born about 818 in Frankfurt, Hessen-Nassau, Germany and died on 1 Jul 874 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy, about age 56.

964. Carloman, King of Bavaria & Italy, Carinthia, Pannonia, & Moravia, son of Louis II "The German", King of the East Franks, Holy Roman Emperor and Emma Andech von Eritgau of Bavaria , was born in 828 in Bavaria, Germany, died in 880 in Ottingen, at age 52, and was buried in Ottingen.

Carloman married Litwinde of Carinthia .

Children:

482       i.   Arnulf of Carinthia de Heristal, King of Germany (born in 850 Bavaria, Germany - died on 8 Dec 899)

965. Litwinde of Carinthia, daughter of Ernest, Count of Carinthia, was born about 800 in Corinth, Greece.

Litwinde married Carloman, King of Bavaria & Italy, Carinthia, Pannonia, & Moravia .

968. Nibelung II, Count in Hesbaye, son of Nibelung I, was born in Roches, France.

Nibelung married Bertha (Auba) of Autun .

Children:

484       i.   Nibelung III, Count in Burgundy (born in Roches, France)

969. Bertha (Auba) of Autun was born in Roches, France.

Bertha married Nibelung II, Count in Hesbaye.

986. Beggen I, Count of Paris, Chamberlain of Louis of Aquitaine, son of Rotrude of Austrasia, was born about 770 in Paris, Seine, France and died in 816 in Paris, Seine, France, about age 46.

Beggen married Alpaide (Alpais), Princess of France & the Holy Roman Empire in Roches, France.

Children:

493       i.   Engeltrude de Paris (born about 790 Paris, Seine, France - died in 856 in Friuli, Lombard Province, Italy)
         ii.   Adelaide (Judith), Queen of Franks (born in 855 Paris, Seine, France - died on 18 Oct 900 in Paris, Seine, France)
        iii.   Letard (Leutaud), Count of Paris (born about 821 Paris, Seine, France)

987. Alpaide (Alpais), Princess of France & the Holy Roman Empire, daughter of Louis I "The Pious", of Aquitaine, King of France, was born about 808 in Roches, France and died in Paris, Seine, France.

Alpaide married Beggen I, Count of Paris, Chamberlain of Louis of Aquitaine in Roches, France.

988. Charlemagne, King of Franks, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire, son of Pepin III "The Short", King of Franks, Mayor of Neustria & Burgundy and Bertrada II of Laon, was born on 4 Feb 742 in Ingelheim, Rheinhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, died on 28 Jan 814 in Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia (Germany), at age 71, and was buried in Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia.

Charlemagne married Hildegard, Countess of Vinzgau on 30 Apr 771 in Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia (Germany).

Children:

          i.   Pepin I, King of Italy, Mayor of Austrasia (born in Apr 773 Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia (Germany) - died on 8 Jul 810 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy)
494      ii.   Louis I "The Pious" , of Aquitaine, King of France (born in Aug 778 Casseneuil, Lot-et-Garonne, France - died on 20 Jun 840 in Ingelheim, Rhinehessen, Hesse)
        iii.   Bertha, Princess of the Holy Roman Empire (born in 779 Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia (Germany) - died on 11 Mar 826)

989. Hildegard, Countess of Vinzgau, daughter of Gerold I, Duke of Allemania, Count of Vinzgau and Emma of Allemania, Duchess of Swabia , was born in 758 in Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia (Germany) and died on 30 Apr 783 in Thionville, Moselle, France, at age 25.

Hildegard married Charlemagne , King of Franks, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire on 30 Apr 771 in Aachen, Rheinland, Prussia (Germany).

990. Welf I Altdorf, Count of Bavaria in the Entgau was born in 787 in Altdorf, Bavaria and died in 819, at age 32.

Welf married Heilwig "Eigilwich", Abbess of Chelles .

Children:

495      i.   Judith of Bavaria (born in Altdorf, Bavaria - died on 19 Apr 843 in Tours, Ingre-et-Loire, France)
         ii.   Emma Andech von Eritgau of Bavaria (born about 810 Atdorf, Bavaria - died on 31 Jan 876 in Careme, Saxony)
        iii.  Conrad I of Burgundy, Count of Paris and Auxerre (born in 800 Burgundy, France)

991. Heilwig "Eigilwich", Abbess of Chelles was born in 804 in Saxony, Germany and died on 19 Apr 843 in Chelles, at age 39.

Heilwig married Welf I Altdorf, Count of Bavaria in the Entgau.

992. Conrad I "The Pacific", King of France, son of Rudolph II , King of Burgundy and Bertha von Swabia , Queen of Burgundy , was born in 923 in Arles, Bouche-Du-Rhones, France and died on 19 Oct 993, at age 70.

993. Adelaide of Bellay, daughter of Gebhard Logenahe, Count in the Ufgau and Adela de Vermandois , was born in 930 in Montreuil-Bellay, Anjou, Maine, France and died on 23 Mar 963, at age 33.

996. Boso II, Count in Italy, son of Boso I , Count of Turin, was born in 778 in Turin, Italy.

Children:

498       i.   Boso III "the Old", Count in Turin (born about 830 Turin, Italy)

998. Richard le Viking, Seigneur d'Amiens, son of Godefroid le Danois, was born in 775 in Amiens, France and died in 825, at age 50.

Richard married Daughter of Aubert de Cambrai .

Children:

499       i.   Richeut d' Amiens (born in 800 Amiens, France)

999. Daughter of Aubert de Cambrai, daughter of Aubert II, Seigneur de Cambrai, was born about 775 in Cambrai, Italy.

Daughter married Richard le Viking, Seigneur d'Amiens .

1010. Conrad I of Burgundy Count of Paris and Auxerre, son of Welf I Altdorf, Count of Bavaria in the Entgau and Heilwig "Eigilwich" , Abbess of Chelles, was born in 800 in Burgundy, France.

Conrad married Adélaïde of Tours .

Children:

505   i.   Judith of Argengau (born about 840 Roches, France)
         ii.   Eve Berthe d' Auxerre (born in Burgundy, France)

1011. Adélaïde of Tours, daughter of Hugh "Le Mefiant", Count of Tours and Aba Bava , was born in 819 in Tours, Ingre-et-Loire, France.

Adélaïde married Conrad I of Burgundy, Count of Paris And Auxerre .

1016. Pepin, Count of Senis & Peronne, son of Bernard , King of Italy and Cunigunde of Gellone, Queen of Italy , was born in 818 in Vermandois, Normandy, France and died after 840 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy.

Pepin married Daughter of Theodoric .

Children:

508       i.   Herbert I de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois & Soissons (born in 848 Vermandois, Normandy, France - died in 902 in Vermandois, Normandy, France)
         ii.   Daughter of Pepin (born in Vermandois, Normandy, France)
        iii.   Pepin I , Count of Senlis & Bretagne (born in 844 Vermandois, Normandy, France - died after 28 Jan 893)

1017. Daughter of Theodoric was born in Vermandois, Normandy, France.

Daughter married Pepin, Count of Senis & Peronne .

1018. Robert "Fortis" Capet, Count of Paris & Orleans, Marquis of Neustria, son of Rutpert (Robert) III, of Wormsgau and Wiltrud (Waltrada), of Orleans , was born in 820 in Wormsgau, France, died on 25 Aug 866 in Brissarthe, Maine-Et-Loire, France, at age 46, and was buried on 15 Sep 866 in St Martin's, Chateuneuf, France.

Robert married Adelahide , Princess of The Holy Roman Empire in 864 in Roches, France.

Children:

509       i.   Bertha de Morvais (Capet) (born about 850 Vermandois, Normandy, France - , died in Vermandois, Normandy, France)
510      ii.   Robert I Capet, Count of Paris (born in 865 Angers, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France - died on 15 Jun 923 in Killed, Soissons, France)

1019. Adelahide, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire, daughter of Louis I "The Pious" , of Aquitaine, King of France and Ermengarde, Princess of Hesbaye , was born about 824 in Tours, Ingre-et-Loire, France and died about 866 in Roches, France, about age 42.

Adelahide married Robert "Fortis" Capet, Count of Paris & Orleans, Marquis of Neustria in 864 in Roches, France.

1020. Robert "Fortis" Capet, Count of Paris & Orleans, Marquis of Neustria, son of Rutpert (Robert) III, of Wormsgau and Wiltrud (Waltrada), of Orleans , was born in 820 in Wormsgau, France, died on 25 Aug 866 in Brissarthe, Maine-Et-Loire, France, at age 46, and was buried on 15 Sep 866 in St Martin's, Chateuneuf, France.

1021. Adelahide, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire, daughter of Louis I "The Pious", of Aquitaine, King of France and Ermengarde, Princess of Hesbaye , was born about 824 in Tours, Ingre-et-Loire, France and died about 866 in Roches, France, about age 42.

1022. Herbert I de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois & Soissons, son of Pepin, Count of Senis & Peronne and Daughter of Theodoric , was born in 848 in Vermandois, Normandy, France and died in 902 in Vermandois, Normandy, France, at age 54.

1023. Bertha de Morvais (Capet), daughter of Robert "Fortis" Capet, Count of Paris & Orleans, Marquis of Neustria and Adelahide, Princess of The Holy Roman Empire , was born about 850 in Vermandois, Normandy, France and died in Vermandois, Normandy, France.