Cornelius Tilbury
The Colourful Career of a Charlatan
Cornelius (a) TILBOURNE, also, a TILBORNE, TILBERG, TILBORG, TILBUR ...
| Stuart: | 1660-1685 Charles II | 1685-1688 James II | 1689-1694 William & Mary |
| Orange: | 1694-1702 William III | 1702-1714 Anne | |
| Hanover: | 1714-1727 George I | 1727-1760 George II |
Google Books Online
From the "Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences" by George Rosen
Yale University Dept. of the History of Science and Medicine, Project Muse (H. Schuman) 1964
"Like Cornelius TILBORG, John RUSSELL came to reside in London after much travelling in the provinces."
"Cornelius a TILBORG ... gained for himself a gold medal and chain, in addition to an immediate appointment as a Royal Physician in ordinary ..."
"Cornelius a TILBORNE (or TILBORG) was already on safe grounds when he presented his petition in 1682."
"... grant of several of these licences ... Cornelius TILBOURNE (or à TILBORNE, TILBORG, or TILBUR), 2 October 1682 ..."
From the "Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Marquess of Ormonde, K. P."
by Great Britain Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, James Butler Ormonde, James Edward William Theobald Butler Ormonde, John Belasyse Belasyse, Caesar Litton Falkner, Francis Elrington Ball (Ireland), 1906
page 632
1683, 16th June. St. James' Square.
"... On behalf of Cornelius TILBOURNE, Chirurgeon in Ordinary to His Majesty, who has obtained His Majesty's leave to go to several cities in England, and set up his stages there, and vend his antidotes against poisons and other medicines ..."
From "The Life and Times of Anthony Wood: Antiquary, of Oxford, 1632-1695, Described by Himself"
by Anthony à Wood (Clarendon Press for the Oxford Historical Society), 1894
"[Year?] June 27, W., Cornelius a TILBURY, a German mountibank, began to shew at Queen's College corner."
From "John Wesley Among the Physicians: A Study of Eighteenth-century Medicine"
by Alfred Wesley Hill, 1958
page 31
"A similar case is quoted as occurring in 1684, when a German named Cornelius TILBOURNE applied to the Edinburgh Privy Council." [for a licence to erect a stage]
From "The Book of the Old Edinburgh Club" 1938
"CHAMBERS, in his Domestic Annals, refers to one Cornelius a TILBOURNE, a German quack who visited Edinburgh in 1684."
From "The Healers: A History of Medicine in Scotland"
by David Hamilton, 1981
page 73
"Another quack was Cornelius TILBOURNE who visited Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee in 1684, using an act with rope dancing to pull in the crowds."
From "Depositions Taken Before the Mayor & Aldermen of Norwich, 1549-1567 ...
and Extracts from the Council Books of the City of Norwich"
by Walter Rye: Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society, 1905
page 185
5 December, 1688.
"Cornelius TILBOURNE has leave to erect a stage at the Halls end to expose for sale his antidote against poison and other medicines."
[Cancelled 5 December 1688 since] "it is feared ... it will draw such a concourse of people &c.".
From the "Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of William and Mary"
by William John Hardy, Edward Bateson, Great Britain Public Record office, 1895
page 111
1689, May 20. Hampton Court.
"License to Cornelius TILBOURNE, surgeon in ordinary to the late King Charles the Second ..."
From "Old and New London: Volume 4" (published 1878)
Available at the Centre for Metropolitan History
& British History Online:
- description & history of London with many illustrations -
Red Lion Square and Neighbourhood
Chapter XLII (pages 545-553, illustrated in the original)
"The Red Lyon Inn was in olden times the most important hostelry in Holborn, and accordingly had the honour of giving its name to Red Lion Street and to the adjoining square. If we may draw an inference from the entries in the register of St. Andrew's, Holborn, the inn had behind it a fine row of trees, for we find notices of foundlings being exposed under the 'Red Lion Elmes in Holborn'. The Red Lyon is mentioned in the following 'puff' of a quack doctor, at the beginning of the last century:—
"Cornelius TILBURY, sworn Chirurgeon in ordinary to K. Charles II., to his late Sovereign K. William, as also to her present Majesty Queen Anne,"
gives his address as
"at the Blue Flower Pot, in Great Lincoln's Inn Fields, at Holbourn Row (where you see at night a light over the door). …And for the convenience of those that desire privacy, they may come through the Red Lyon Inn, in Holbourn, between the two Turnstiles, which is directly against my back door, where you will see the sign of the Blue Ball hang over the door. I dispose of my famous Orvietan, either liquid or in powder, what quantity or price you please. ... This is that Orvietan that expelled that vast quantity of poyson I took before K. Charles II., for which his Majesty presented me with a gold medal and chain.""
|
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=45213&strquery=tilbury
The truth about Cornelius and his activities may be as related in the following four quotations:
-I-
From "Historical Notices of Scotish Affairs"
Selected from the Manuscripts of Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, bart.,
one of the Senators of the College of Justice
Vol. II 1683-1688
Printed at Edinburgh: 1848
pages 531-2
10 Aprilis 1684 (No. 241, p. 80) -
"3tio - Cornelius a TILBOURNE, a German mountebanck, gives in a bill to the Privy Counsell, craving licence to set up a stage in Edinburgh; (tho the Session tyme would have been more seasonable to him.) The College of Physitians opposed it; but it was granted. He had used a great experiment on himselfe, in presence of the King at London, in counteracting some poison, (by his sovereign Orvietan, and other remedies,) which the Physitians ther had prescrived him, for which the King gifted him a chain and medall, which he wore; and he underwent the same tryall at Edinburgh; but he saves himselfe by drinking much oyll; for he excludes and excepts from the poison he is to take all mercury, aquafortis, and other corrosives. Yet his man, on whom he experimented some of his conclusions, dyed. Quaeritur, How far he is punisheable for his slaughter?"
-II-
From the records of the Royal College of Physicians of London
Trinity Term, 5 William III
Document (refs: RCP-MEMB/ENV105, RCP-LEGAC/ENV105)
Tilburne, Cornelius [c.1698]
Fined £30 for practising physic without being licensed by the College of Physicians.
Action against him for non-payment of the fine: declaration by the President and College.
-III-
From "The History of the Life of Jonathan Wild, the Great"
by Henry Fielding, 1840 (printed by C. Daly)
From the Preface
"Jonathan WILD ... the most extraordinay Rogue that ever yet suffered in England ... from his own relations and stories of himself ..."
page xvii
Law-Suit with Tilburn
"The first thing that gave him [Jonathan Wild) any fame was a dispute he had with Cornelius TILBURN, a noted quack doctor, who, being robbed of some goods, and hearing of Jonathan WILD, applied to him for the recovery of them: but after they had treated some time they could not agree about the price; upon the whole, TILBURN was so vexed he could not have his goods again, and, thinking Jonathan had them, he arrests him in an action of trover; Jonathan gave bail to the action, and so a suit of law was commenced, which was so well defended on Jonathan's side that TILBURN was non-suited, and costs were given to Jonathan. This gave him a great reputation among his good friends the thieves, who thought Jonathan the best factor or agent they could employ; so that his business so increased that 'tis thought he got two or three hundred pounds a year by commission."
-IV-
From "The Newgate Calendar"
Old Mobb, Highwayman
"... Old Mobb ... saw the appearance of another prize at some distance. Who should it be but the famous Lincoln's Inn Fields mountebank, Cornelius a TILBURGH, who was going to set up a stage at Wells. Our adventurer knew him very well, as indeed did almost everyone at that time, which occasioned his demanding his money in a little rougher language than usual. The poor quacksalver was willing to preserve what he had; and to that end used a great many fruitless expostulations, pretending that he had expended all the money he had brought out with him, and was himself in necessity. But Old Mobb soon gave him to understand that he would not be put off with fine words; and that he had more wit than to believe a mountebank, whose profession is lying.
"You get your money as easily as I do, and it is only fulfilling an old proverb if you give me all you have: 'Lightly come, lightly go.' Next market-day, doctor, will make up all, if you have any luck. It will excite people to buy your packets if, as an instance of your great desire to serve them, you tell them what you suffered upon your journey, which nevertheless could not hinder your coming to exercise your bowels of compassion among them, and to restore such as are in a languishing condition."
The empiric could scarce forbear laughing to hear Old Mobb hold forth so excellently well, and lay open the craft of his occupation with so much dexterity. He was, notwithstanding, very unwilling to part with his money, and began to read a lecture of morality to our desperado, upon the unlawfulness of his actions, telling him that what he did might frequently be the ruin of poor families, and oblige them afterwards to follow irregular courses, in order to make up what they had lost:
"And then, you are answerable for the sins of such people."
"This is the devil correcting sin with a witness," quoth Old Mobb. "Can I ruin more people than you, dear Mr. Theophrastus Bombastus? You are a scrupulous, conscientious son of a whore, indeed, to tell me of ruining people. I only take their money away from them; but you frequently take away their lives: and what makes it the worse you do it safely, under a pretence of restoring them to health; whereas I should be hanged for killing a man, or even robbing him, if I were taken. You have put out more eyes than the smallpox, made more deaf than the cataracts of Nile; in a word, destroyed more than the pestilence. It is in vain to trifle with me, doctor, unless you have a remedy against the force of gunpowder and lead. If you have any such excellent specific, make use of it instantly, or else deliver your money."
Our itinerant quack still continuing his delays, Old Mobb made bold to take a portmanteau from his horse, and put it upon his own, riding off with it, till he came to a convenient place for opening it. Upon examining the inside, he found five and twenty pounds in money and a large golden medal, which King Charles II. had given him for poisoning himself in his Majesty's presence; besides all his instruments and implements of quackery."
The Exploits of Old Mobb, Highwayman, executed 30 May 1690
The Newgate Calendar
Parent site, old classics online
From "An Inquiry into the Place and Quality of the Gentlemen of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Chamber"
by Nicholas Carlisle, F.R.S., M.R.I.A.,
Fellow and Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and,
one of the Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber
(Printed in London by Messrs. Payne and Foss, Pall Mall, 1829)
pages 200-202
King William and Queen Mary
"In the Establishment of The Household of King WILLIAM and Queen MARY, in 1689, I do not find any mention of THE GENTLEMEN of THE PRIVY CHAMBER, except that they were to be allowed one Carriage "at Their Majesties' Removes," - And that the Sum of £1612. per annum was assigned for "Wages and Board-wages of THE PRIVY CHAMBER." ..."
"The Declaration of the King's Waiters' Diet was,-
| Dinner | Mess. | Supper. | Mess. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beef boiled 16 lb. or rost 34 lb. | 1. | Mutton | 1. |
| Mutton rost, | 1. | Pullets 2, or | 1. |
| Veal or Pigg, or | 1. | Chicks fine 6, or | 1. |
| Turkey or Goos 1., or | 1. | Rabbets 4, or Lamb qr., or | 1. |
| Pidgeons field 12, or | 1. | ||
| Tarte, | 1. |
They were also to have 12 manchets, 12 loaves, 8 gallons of beer, 6 bottles of Claret, and one of Spanish wine.
A good quantity of Fuel and Wax-lights was likewise allowed for The Privy Chamber.
The ROLL of THE GENTLEMEN of THE PRIVY CHAMBER in the reign of King WILLIAM and Queen MARY, presents us with the following Names (from the Lord Chamberlain's Office-Books),-
page 209
1701
Cornelius à TILBOURNE, Esq.
. . ."
(Was this Cornelius senior, the quack doctor, or was it his son Cornelius? See details of the Will, on the 'family' page.)
From "Office-Holders in Modern Britain"
(Published 2006)
Available at the Institute of Historical Research
& British History Online
Court Officers, 1660-1837, Index: 'T' (pages 1525-1568)
LC = Lord Chamberlain's Papers, PRO
From the Introduction:
"The early modern royal household may be divided into three parts:
- the lord chamberlain's and associated sub-departments:
ceremonial, social and artistic life of the monarch and his court;
- the lord steward's department:
culinary and domestic needs; and
- the department of the master of the horse:
transportation."
Grooms of the Privy Chamber:
"... their number ... from 1689 it was fixed at four. They received salaries of £73 consisting of wages of £20 and board wages of £53. Early in the period, they were also entitled to diet and lodging when in attendance, candle ends, livery worth £40, riding wages and fees of honor which averaged about £30—40 per annum early in the eighteenth century."
St. James's, early 18thC:
"... the presence chamber. This room was manned by four sergeants at arms, two pages of the presence, a cupbearer, a carver and a sewer and lined by 12 to 40 gentlemen pensioners ..."
"... presence of the cupbearer, carver and sewer was because this was the room in which the monarch dined in state. ..."
TILBURGH (à TILBURGH, a TILBORNE, a TILBOURGH), Cornelius
Carver 15 May 1696 (LC 3/31, p. 33; LC 5/166, p. 118)
Surrendered by 10 January 1704 (LC 5/166, p. 156)
Groom of the Privy Chamber 25 October 1701 (Ibid., p. 63)
Vacated 8 March 1702 on death of William III (?same as below)
TILBURGH (à TILBURGH, TILBURG), Cornelius
Groom of the Privy Chamber 26 March 1711 (LC 5/166, p. 269; LC 3/63, p. 106; LC 3/64, p. 115)
Vacated by 2 June 1740 (LC 3/65, p. 113; ?same as above)
TILBURGH, John
Carver 10 January 1704 (LC 5/166, p. 156; LC 3/63, p. 51; LC 3/64, p. 62)
D[ied?] by 13 October 1749 (LC 3/65, p. 237)
(Most probably Cornelius snr.'s son John, taking account of the apparent date of death.)
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=43967&strquery=tilburg
From the "Calendar of Treasury Books: Preserved in the Public Record Office, Great Britain"
by William Arthur Shaw, 1960
"Discharges [£ s. d.] Robert HEMINGTON, William WHITMORE, Joseph ASHLEY, and Cornelius TILBURG, Grooms of the Privy Chamber, for their liveries due All Saints' Day 1716 ..."
From "Magnae Britanniae Notitia: Or, the Present State of Great Britain"
by John Chamberlayne
1723 - Book III, Part II
pages 541-542
Carvers
... John TILBURGH Esq; ...
Wages 33 l. 6 s. 8 d. per Ann. each.
Grooms of the Privy-Chamber
... Cornelius TILBURGH Esq;
Wages - 20 l.; Board-wages - 53 l.; each per An.
1727 - Book 2
page 56
Carvers
... John TILBURGH ... Esqrs;
Grooms of the Privy-Chamber
... Cornelius TILBURGH ... Esqrs;
pages 102-103
The Officers and Servants in Ordinary above Stairs.
"The Lord Chamberlain, the Vice-Chamberlain, both which are always Privy-Counsellors.
The next are the Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber, of whom these things are worthy to be noted, viz.
King Henry the Seventh was the first English Monarch that instituted and established this Society of Gentlemen, limited their Number to forty-eight, and gave them the Title of Honourable; which Establishment has successively continued in every King and Queen's Reign to this present Time. The chief End of their Institution, was to wait and attend on the King and Queen at Court, in their Diversion, Progresses, and on all emergent Occasions: Six of these Gentlemen are constantly appointed by the Lord Chamberlain, with a Nobleman, and the Master of the Ceremonies, to accompany all Foreign Ambassadors from Crown'd Heads in their publick Entries, and to their Audiences At every Coronation, two of these Gentlemen, in Ducal Robes, personate the Dukes of Aquitain and Normandy. At all publick Solemnities they are appointed their Stations by the Heralds, to go next to the Privy-Councellors (not Peers,) and whenever the King is pleas'd to go to the Parliament by Water, two of this Society have place in the same Barge, and likewise kneel upon the second Step of the Throne, where no other Officers are allow'd to interpose before them. As a particular Mark of Royal Favour and Trust, these Gentlemen are empower'd to execute the King's Verbal Commands, without producing any written Orders, their Persons and Characters being sufficient Authority: For example, in King Henry the Eighth's Time, Cardinal Wolfey was arrested for High-Treason by a Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber without any written Order; the Cardinal obey'd, saying, His Person was a sufficient Warrant, after the said Cardinal had refus'd to submit to the Arrest by a great Lord, and an Order in Writing."
Gentlemen Cup-Bearers, four.
Gentlemen Carvers, four.
Gentlemen Sewers, four.
"These were very ancient Officers of the Crown, and their Places honourable, and for that Reason they precede many other Officers of Note, which now have large Salaries, with considerable Perquisites.
At all Coronations three Earls put in their Claims to officiate in their Places of Cup-Bearer, Carver, and Sewer; there is likewife one of each Office who are Assistants to the Noblemen for that Day, and also have Rank in the Cavalcade, &c."
(After reading the above notes, the next quotation has more meaning?)
From "Acces2Archives" [March 2009—> at The National Archives]
Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent Archive Service
Staffordshire Record Office
14 July 1717 - Legge of Sandwell & Patshull, Earls of Dartmouth: Political Correspondence
(ref.D(W)1778/I/ii/518)
"Earl of Oxford to Ld. Dartmouth re. Cornelius a TILBURG mounting and whether or no to protest."
http://www.a2a.org.uk
From "Four Shillings In The Pound Aid 1693-1694" (published 1992)
by Derek Keene, Peter Earle, Craig Spence & Janet Barnes
Available at the Centre for Metropolitan History
& British History Online
"The assessments for this tax raised by Parliament to fund King William's European warfare. It was produced by the 'Metropolitan London in the 1690s' project, based at the CMH."
Middlesex, St. Giles in the Fields, Holborne End
| Property | Stock | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Tax Assessment
£ | Rental Value £ | Tax Assessment £ | Stock Value £ |
| TILBURNE, (Dr.) | 10.00 | 50.00 | 0.60 | 50.00 |
City of Westminster, St. Paul's Covent Garden, East Division, White Hart Yard
| Property | Stock | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Tax Assessment
£ | Rental Value £ | Tax Assessment £ | Stock Value £ |
| TILBOURN, Cornelius (Dr.) | 10.00 | 50.00 | 2.40 | 200.00 |
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=20941
From "The Proceedings of the Old Bailey" website
Trial of 9 September 1691 - Housebreaking
John WILLIAMS, a Soldier, was Tryed for breaking the Stables of one CUNDIT, near adjoining to the House of Doctor Cornelius TILBURN in Covent-Garden, and stealing a Cloth Cloak, value 4l. 10s. a pair of Shoes, and other Goods of value. The Evidence could not charge the Prisoner particularly, so he was Acquitted.
Trial of 1 June 1704 - Theft, Burglary
Accused Richard LOWE
Victim: Dr. Cornelius a TILBURGH
Place: both of St. Giles in the Fields, Middlesex
Date: 30 May 1719
Indictment for felony, burglary, house-breaking, taking a Holland-sheet, 4 callico curtains, a pair of vallence, other goods.
Witnesses: the Watchmen, who believed three persons to be thieves; one thief fired a pistol and grazed the shoulder of a Watchman; while the others dropped the stolen goods and ran off. The accused came out of an alley and intended to draw his sword, but other Watchmen arrived and prevented it. No stolen goods were found in the accused's possession.
Verdict: Acquittal.
Trial of 4 December 1719 - Theft
Accused: Joseph WILLIAMSON
Victim: Cornelius a TILBURGH
Place: both of St. Giles in the Fields, Middlesex
Date: 13 November 1719
Indictment for feloniously stealing a silver-hafted knife and fork, valued at 5s., off a dresser in the victim's kitchen. The accused had desired to return them but was prevented from so doing.
Verdict: Guilty (for value of 10d.)
Sentence: Transportation
From "The Quacks of Old London" by C. J. S. Thompson
Partly visible at Google Books Online
- for availability at libraries, see below -
Notorious London Quacks and Their Remedies
Chapter V (pages 86-92)
Cornelius Tilburg
The author quotes Lord Bacon's 'Advancement of Learning':
"We see the weakness and credulity of men is such, as they will often prefer a mountebank or wit before a learned physician."
and in this chapter lists 'a famous quack called Cornelius a TILBOURN' and his statement that he was "Sworn Chyrurgeon to King Charles II, from whose hands he received a Gold Medal and Chain". He further quotes one of Cornelius' bills as bearing five coats of arms and "By their Majesties Special License and Authority". Writing of his "only True Orvietan" and of Charless II as "that Courteous Prince", Cornelius continued "I dispose of it [Orvietan] from half a crown the box, to five shillings, and so what quantity or price you please". According to the author Cornelius also styled himself TILBURG in later years, and only took payment for a cure, during which he might provide them with board and lodging. More from Cornelius' proclamations:
"I perform all Manual operations, as the stone in the bladder or kidnies, by cutting or by particular medicines. I recover and give sight to the blind. I restore sight in a moment. I cure deafness (if curable). I cure vomiting, rising of the vapours, pain in the milt, stitches in the side and all scorbutick distempers. I can, if any person do by accident or misfortune, lose one of his eyes, artificially put in another, not to be discerned as a blemish by any person."
"Sir Richard Greeneway, troubled with the Stone was speedily cured by me. John Owen, Esquire, who so Honourably served his late Majesty in the Dutch Engagements and had five or six ulcerated holes in his leggs, occasioned by splinters, and at first but ill patcht up; in less than six weeks, I made him sound and well. The Lady Ann Seymoure, that had a Lameness in her Limbs, that she was forced to keep her Bed for four years, was cured by me in seven weeks time, and I also cured a cancerated Lip of Sir John Andrews at St. James's. Mr. Christopher Shelly hard by Cupid's Bridge in Lambeth, was brought to me in a chair, deprived of all his limbs, uncapable of moving had or foot was (by the blessing of God) perfectly cured by me, to the admiration of all. I could mention a great many more which I have cured, but the Paper being too little. VIVANT REX ET REGINA."
The author's next quotation is from a later bill, with the address at Bruges street, Covent Garden "over against the King's Play-House and the Rose Tavern, where you will see the Kings Arms hang over the Balcony". On page 90, the last part of another of Cornelius' publications from the reign of William III, writing of himself, ends:
"... His House is now at the Sign of the King's Arms in Bridge-street, Covent Garden, at the corner of White Hart Yard, exactly over against Exeter-street end at the Two White Twisted-Posts. He is the Sworn Chirurgeon to our Sovereign Lord King William, and now for the convenience of the City and some remote parts of the Town, he has taken lodgings at Mr. Berrymans, a grocer and chocolate-maker at the Corner of Angel Court, next door to the Sign of the Crown in Bishopsgate-street, over against the Queen's Head Tavern within the Gate, where he is to be seen three days a week, and where he still disposes of his famous Orvietan, and hopes this Famous City is sufficiently satisfied in the ability and care of Your Loving Friend and servant CORNELIUS a TILBURG."
Another address for 'Cornelius a TILBURG' is mentioned elsewhere - there were two, father and son.
"Master Cornelius a TILBURG now liveth at the Sign of the Sun in the Strand, at one Mr. SMITH's a Boddice maker, over against the White Horse Tavern."
His activites extended themselves to 'dentistry' - from another of his advertisements:
"If any person hath the scurvy in the mouth or Blacking teeth, I can clean them, although they be black as pitch, and make them extraordinary white."
"Quacks of Old London" should be available at:
Corporation of London Libraries, London, EC2P 2EJ
London Borough of Haringay, London, N22 6XD
London Borough of Tower Hamlets, London, E14 7HS
London Library, London, SW1Y 4LG
University of London Library, London, WC1E 7HU
Buckinghamshire County Library, Buckinghamshire, HP20 1UU
Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB3 9DR
University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT
University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HQ
National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, EH1 1EW
See also "The Popular Practice of Fraud" by T. Swann Harding, 1976 (Arno Press, a New York Times company; now published by Ayer) ISBN:0405080204)
(Recent publications discussing the history of medicine in general, cures for venereal disease, and medical 'sects' also refer to Cornelius.)
From "James Welwood: Physician to the Glorious Revolution"
by Elizabeth Lane Furdell (Combined Publishing, ISBN 1580970052, 9781580970051), 1998
Introduction to the book: "Dr. James Welwood (1652-1727) might have preferred a quiet life of medicine and Classical scholarship. Instead, he had the fortune, or misfortune, to be a talented political writer during the turbulent years of England's transition from the Stuart to the Hanoverian monarchy."
page 178
"William III awarded TILBORG credentials to sell his antidote against poison, orvietan, from a stage in any city or town. ... Dr. WELWOOD [had] seen TILBORG's medicine show ... in Scotland."
From the "Watchman's Flute"
by John Heath-Stubbs, 1978
'TO THE QUEEN on the occasion of Her Majesty's Silver Jubilee'
"... Came trotting along on a neat black pony
Dr. Cornelius Tilburgh,
Successful physician, with a bedside manner, ..."
(Caroline, September 2006 - February 2009)