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Page
1
Introduction
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the genetic and genealogical data of
male
descendants of Aaron Stark [1608-1685] having the surname
"Stark." This report will provide explanations of how we have
arrived at certain conclusions; identify
reoccurring haplotypes that can identify
probable male descendants of Aaron; determine the probable ancestral
haplotype of Aaron; and discuss the rate of mutation of the Y-DNA of
Aaron's descendants.
There will be descriptions of differences
(or mutations) observed between members at one or more DYS Markers.
(See DYS Marker Definition). Because one differs from another at one or more of the markers discussed is not a bad sign nor are the matches a good sign.
Enough marker matches merely explains relatedness between individuals while not enough matches
explains non-relatedness of Individuals. The Group 1
Selection Criteria can be found in Appendix 3
of this article.
All
of the male individuals discussed in this report have the surname Stark or
Starks and have been found through genealogical research to be descendants of Aaron
Stark [1608-1685] of Connecticut. The Genetic
Results confirms there is a high
probability these men all have a common ancestor who lived within the
previous 20 generations. (Click HERE to see Lineage
Table). (Use Back Button to
return to this text.)
Background
The origins of the Stark surname in North America
began with the arrival of Aaron Stark in New England
between 1630 and 1637 —
most likely from Scotland or England. He was born about 1608 and died in 1685 in
New London County, Connecticut. His service in the Pequot War under
Captain John Mason in May of 1637, was the first record we have of him
in Connecticut. He eventually settled in New London County, Connecticut in
a region that later became Groton Township.
Those who have participated in the
Stark Family Y-DNA Project
have been found to be descendants of many genetically unrelated families having the surname
Stark or one of it's derivatives. The majority of the participants are descendants of families
that settled in New Hampshire,
Virginia, and Connecticut. Contrary to the beliefs of some earlier researchers, the Stark Family Y-DNA Project has clearly
proven the descendants of Aaron Stark are not related to the descendants of the New Hampshire and
Virginia families.
The male Y-chromosome is handed down from father to son
relatively unchanged through the generations. A comparison of the Y-DNA of two
males with the same surname can determine their relatedness to each other.
Groups of males with the same surname so tested and compared can define family
groups and establish a probability they have a most recent common ancestor who
lived after the
usage of surnames became common in Europe in the 13th and 14th
centuries. Considering that one generation is about 25 years or
more, the year 1500 would be the approximate
equivalent of about 20 generations prior to the present
generations.
Those males with the surname Stark who
have been genealogically proven to be descendants of
Aaron Stark are descendants of two of his sons — Aaron Stark
II [1654-1701] and William Stark, Sr. [1664-1730]. It is known with certainty that Aaron Stark lived approximately
between the years 1608 and 1685 — well after the establishment of surnames in
Europe. The
following list identifies the Kit number of the descendants of Aaron Stark
[1608-1685] and groups them as descendants of the two sons of
Aaron.
| Descendants
of William Stark (Senior): |
16335, 48711, 63737, 75156, 76234, 74961,
78077, 78078, 80860, 98044, 115456, 119763,165568,
154414, 176520,
178528, 202299, 203166, 9Z5ZG, N17289,
N56748, N66901 |
| Descendants
of Aaron Stark (Junior): |
87105, 98140, 102286,
115764, 135468, 172378, 194579, 206763 |
A conservative probability of 80% or greater — for
the purposes of this discussion — will
be considered a confidence threshold of sufficient probability to declare that any two individuals compared most likely
did have a common ancestor
that lived within the number of generations specified. Probabilities below this
threshold will be deemed insufficient. This threshold is intended
as a guideline and should be the subject of further
interpretation when
the plots approach 80% from the direction of greater
or lesser probabilities.
This
population of individuals have been variously tested over Panel 1 (Markers 1-12),
Panel 2 (Markers 13-25), and Panel 3 (Markers 26-37) as will be
presented in the Genetic
Results Table. One or more
participants can have the same haplotype over
any combination of these Panels . For the purposes of this
discussion, the most
common haplotype over a selected group of DYS Markers will be referred to as Haplotype 1. Other lesser occurring
haplotypes will be numbered 2 thru N (Haplotype 2,
Haplotype 3,..., Haplotype N). All genetic comparisons of lesser occurring
haplotypes in this report will be compared to the most common
haplotype.
Terminology
Before we
begin, here are some explanations of common terms used in this summary.
|
Allele
Values: |
A DNA sequence
that repeats at a certain locus or place. The allele
value is the number of times the sequence repeats. (Pronounced
uh-LEEL)
|
|
DYS
Markers: |
(DNA Y-chromosome Segment number):
The "name" of a marker on the Y-chromosome. It
is assigned based on a nomenclature system controlled by
the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, which assigns DYS
numbers to newly discovered markers. DYS markers have
"allele values" which are observed from DNA samples
supplied to a laboratory by the Program Members. In our analysis,
there will be 37 total DYS markers discussed. DYS-393 is the first
marker followed by DYS-390, etc; until the last marker designated as
DYS-438. {Return to Text} |
|
Haplotype: |
A haplotype is defined as a collection of
two or more DYS
markers (DNA Y-chromosome Segment number). Our DYS
Markers have been organized into three separate haplotypes identified
as numbered "Panels." For example, DYS Markers 1 through 12
would be Panel 1; DYS Markers 13 through 25 would be Panel 2; and DYS Markers
26 through 37 would be Panel 3. The collection of DYS Allele values in
each Panel or any combination of these panels represent a haplotype for each of the
Members. {Return to Text} |
|
Lineage: |
Each
Member has
submitted his genealogically researched direct male lineage to Aaron Stark. It is presumed
these are accurate and have been properly researched. The lineages of
all participants are presented in the Members
Genealogical Lineage Table. Use Back Button to
return to this text.
|
|
Triangulation: |
A
deductive method of
determining an Ancestral Haplotype. In Genetic
Genealogy, this is a process for determining the
possible Y chromosome
DNA of a male ancestor by evaluating the allele values
at select DYS markers in the haplotypes;
focusing specifically on comparisons of direct paternal line descendants of two or more
known and different sons of a common male ancestor. (See Charles F. Kerchner, Jr.'s article entitled "Triangulation Method for Deducing the Ancestral
Haplotype in Y-DNA Surname Projects.") Use Back Button to
return to this text. |
|
Ancestral
Haplotype: |
For this
report, the Ancestral Haplotype derived from the
Deductive Triangulation Method has be assigned to the genealogically
determined common ancestor of all Members included
in this analysis. [Click HERE
to review Appendix 1 entitled "Defining
the Ancestral Haplotype of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]."]
Use Back Button to
return to this text. |
|
|
Page
2
Group
1 Genetic
Results
The
following Genetic Results Table presents the allele
values available over 37 DYS Markers for each of the members. Cells
in the first two columns with this background
color are descendants of William Stark [1664-1730] and
are Members of Subgroup 1A; while cells in the first two columns with this background
color are descendants of Aaron Stark II [1654-1701] and
are Members of Subgroup 1B. These Columns reveal from which of the two sons of Aaron Stark I
each member descends —
according to the genealogical research. The
"letter" preceding each Kit # will be the
"Letter Code ID" for each Member used when discussing
genetic comparisons. [Comparison of A-B, for example.] Members
in Subgroup 1C have genetic results suggesting they belong to
Group 1; but because there is no genealogy information, they
have been placed in this Subgroup.
For
the purpose of this report, a Mutation
occurs in a DYS Marker column when an allele value differs
from the most
common allele value in that column (excluding
the ancestral haplotype allele values). For example,
in Panel 1 (Markers 1 thru 12), all of the allele values in the Marker 2 (DYS-390)
column are 24 —
resulting in no observed mutations in this column.
However, in the Marker 1 (DYS-393) column, the allele value 13
occurs more often than the allele value 12. Therefore, Members
F, R, and S —
having the allele value 12 in the Marker 1 column —
have their Marker 1 allele values highlighted in yellow;
indicating each has a DYS-393 mutation relative to the more
common allele value of 13.
This method of determining mutations results in a minimum number
of mutations for the population tested. The most common allele
values in each row are presented in Row 1 and is defined as the
37 marker G1 Modal Haplotype.
Using
genealogical and genetic data, the deductive triangulation method devised by Charles F. Kerchner, Jr.
was employed
to define the Ancestral Haplotype of Aaron Stark I. [See Charles F. Kerchner, Jr.'s article entitled "Triangulation Method for Deducing the Ancestral
Haplotype in Y-DNA Surname Projects."]
Cells with this background
color report the most common DYS allele values. They also
agree with the Ancestral Haplotype of
Aaron Stark I [1608-1685]. Appendix
1 entitled "Defining the Ancestral
Haplotype of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]" has a more complete analysis of
this process. According
to FTDNA, those DYS Markers labeled in RED
have a higher mutation rate than those Markers not labeled in Red.
To
review the lineage of any Member, clicking on the
"Kit#" will take you to a more complete lineage
report. If the Allele value in the Marker 37 column is presented
with a Red colored font,
this member has genetic results beyond 37 markers. These results
are presented on the 67 Marker
Y-DNA Test Results Web page.
Haplogroup
R-M269 is a shorthand notation for Haplogroup R1b1a2. Red
colored font for a member's haplogroup indicates a FTDNA
prediction which has not been confirmed. However, the
confirmed Haplogroup of N17289 (O) & 48711 (D) predicts all members of
Subgroups 1a & 1b most likely will belong to Haplogroup R1b1a2a1a1a
(shorthand notation is R-U106).
Genetic Results
Table
|
|
Panel 1 (1-12) Haplotype |
Panel 2 (13-25) Haplotype |
- |
Panel
3 (26-37) Haplotype |
| Marker
# |
<====> |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
- |
26 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
K
I
T
#
![]() |
H
a
p
l
o
![]() |
3
9
3
![]() |
3
9
0
![]() |
1
9
![]() |
3
9
1
![]() |
3
8
5
a
![]() |
3
8
5
b
![]() |
4
2
6
![]() |
3
8
8
![]() |
4
3
9
![]() |
3
8
9
-
1
![]() |
3
9
2
![]() |
3
8
9
-
2
![]() |
4
5
8
![]() |
4
5
9
a
![]() |
4
5
9
b
![]() |
4
5
5
![]() |
4
5
4
![]() |
4
4
7
![]() |
4
3
7
![]() |
4
4
8
![]() |
4
4
9
![]() |
4
6
4
a
![]() |
4
6
4
b
![]() |
4
6
4
c
![]() |
4
6
4
d
![]() |
4
6
4
e
![]() |
4
6
0
![]() |
G
A
T
A
H
4
![]() |
Y
C
A
I
I
a
![]() |
Y
C
A
I
I
b
![]() |
4
5
6
![]() |
6
0
7
![]() |
5
7
6
![]() |
5
7
0
![]() |
C
D
Y
a
![]() |
C
D
Y
b
![]() |
4
4
2
![]() |
4
3
8
![]() |
| G1
Modal Haplotype |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
| Ancestral
Haplotype |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
Subgroup
1A: Descendants of William Stark [1664-1730] --- son of Aaron Stark
[1608-1685]
|
|
76234
A
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
98044
B
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
78077
C
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
30 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
178528
C1
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
48711
D
|
4R-U106
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
119763
E
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
35 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
165568
E1
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
176520
E2
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
39 |
12 |
12 |
|
9Z5ZG
1F
|
R-M269 |
12 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
12 |
12 |
|
16335
G
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80860
H
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
74961
I
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
115456
J
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
202299
J1
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
63737
K
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
35 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
75156
L
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
30 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
12 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
78078
M
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
203166
M1
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
N56748
N
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154414
N1
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
N66901
2N2
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
18 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
N17289
O
|
4R-U106 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
Subgroup
1B: Descendants of Aaron Stark (Junior)
[1654-1700] --- son of Aaron Stark [1608-1685] |
|
98140
P
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
135468
Q
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
87105
3R
|
R-M269
|
12 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
115764
S
|
R-M269 |
12 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
172378
S1
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
194579
S2
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
30 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
206763
S3
|
R-M269 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
102286
T
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
|
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
36 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|
1) |
9Z5ZG
(F) was Tested
by Sorenson Molecular Genetics Foundation. The white background cells in
Panel 3 indicate
these markers were not available for comparison to the FTDNA markers. |
|
2) |
Comments
dated 02/15/2010: N66901 (N2) has the surname Kelly. Family tradition suggests g-grandfather changed surname
from Stark to Kelly. Thomas Benton Kelly married
Missouri Jane (Sheppard) Smith in 1887, her second marriage. Preliminary
research suggests T. B. Kelly was an alias and he may have been David
Franklin Stark, son of William A. Stark. William A. Stark may have been a
son of Isaac Starks of Clermont County, Ohio. There is a 98.72% probability
N66901 shares Aaron Stark [1608-1685] as a common ancestor when compared to
those with the most common H37 haplotype. Research continues.
|
|
3) |
87105
had an allele value at DYS-464e which is normally not a marker value
found in the Panel 2 Haplotype. FTDNA reports the following:
"Markers 464a-d are copies found at different locations on the Y
chromosome. In about 1.5% of the test subjects, more than 4 copies will
be present, representing Markers 464e, 464f, and 464g.
If those additional markers are found, they are considered a one
step mutation." None of the other members have allele values at
DYS-464e. |
|
4) |
R-U106
is a shorthand Haplogroup presentation for Haplogroup R1b1a2a1a1a*.
#N17289 & #48711 have undergone deep SNP testing at FTDNA with
these results:
|
SNPs
Tested |
Comments |
|
M207+
/ M173+ / M343+ / P25+ |
Positive SNP test results prove he is R1b1. |
|
M18-
/ M73- |
Negative results for M18 and M73 prove
they are not
R1b1c1 or R1b1a1. |
|
M269+
/ U106+ |
Positive result for M269 proves
they are R1b1a2*, and the positive result
for U106 proves they are R1b1a2a1a1a*.
[The asterisk means this is a root haplogroup.] |
|
U198-
/ P107- / L1- / L48- / L6- /
P89.2-
/ L217- / L257 - / L325 - |
Negative results for
these SNPs prove they are not one of the known subclades of
R1b1a2a1a1a*, but belong to the root/ancestral Haplogroup. |
|
M37-
/ M65- / M126- / M153- /
M160- /
M222- / P66- / SRY2627- / U152- |
Negative results for these SNPS redundantly prove
they are not any subclade of
R1b1a2a1a1b*. |
The R-U106 haplogroup has been found to represent in over
25% of those found to be R1b haplogroup positive. The age of R- U106 is
estimated to be around 3,100-3,900 years old.
In Europe, R-U106 has a distribution running northwest to east and is found in
higher concentrations in England (21.4%) and Scandinavia (Denmark 17.7%),
reaches a maximum in the Netherlands (37.2%) and slopes down to the east
through Germany (20.5%) and the Alps (Switzerland 13.3%, Austria 22.7%)
towards the Czech Republic (13.9%) and Ukraine (9.4%). This confirmed
haplogroup for #N17289 predicts all
of the direct line descendants of Aaron Stark are R-U106 Haplogroup
positive. The other members of Subgroups 1a & 1b have been predicted by
FTDNA to belong to Haplogroup R1b1a2, shorthand notation being R-M269.
|
|
|
Subgroup
1C: Genetic Matches to Subgroup 1A & 1B / Surname Stark / Genealogy
Incomplete |
| Marker
# |
<====> |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
- |
26 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
|
180952
|
R-M269
|
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subgroup
1D: Genealogy Suggests Aaron [1608-1695] was Ancestor; are not genetic matches
to 1A or
1B |
| Marker
# |
<====> |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
- |
26 |
27 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
|
176667
|
R-M269
|
13 |
23 |
14 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
26 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
|
11 |
10 |
19 |
23 |
16 |
15 |
18 |
18 |
38 |
38 |
11 |
12 |
284645
|
R-M269
|
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1) |
Comments:
The genealogy suggest #76667 is a descendant of Zephaniah Stark and
Zephaniah's Father, William Stark (Junior). The H37 haplotype of #76667 was
genetically compared to that of #48711 (Subgroup 1A), a known descendant of
William Stark (Junior). Their genetic distance was 15. There is a .12%
probability they share a common ancestor who lived within the last 20
generations. The odds greatly favor that they have not shared a
common male ancestor within thousands of years making it genetically
impossible William
Stark (Junior) was a common ancestor of #76667 and #48711. Either the
1872 publication entitled "History of
Rutland, Vermont," by Caverly reporting Zephaniah was born in
England is correct; or there was a non-paternal
event in the generation of William (Junior) or in one of the generations
that follows. Genetic results from a second descendant of Zephaniah could
resolve this issue in the future. |
|
2) |
Comments: The genealogical research of
# 84645 Stark reveals with reasonable accuracy he is a descendant of David Stark of Scott
County, Indiana;
reported by the genealogy to be a son of Daniel Stark [1746-1810]. Daniel
Stark had a son named Jonathan D. Stark. The genealogy suggests #84645
shares Aaron Stark [1608-1685] as a common ancestor. The H25 haplotype of #
84645 was genetically compared to that of #16335 (Subgroup
1A), a known
descendant of Jonathan D. Stark [1768-1828]. Their genetic distance was 6.
There is a 12.98% probability they share a common ancestor who lived within
the last 20 generations. The odds greatly favor they have not shared a
common male ancestor in excess of 5,000 years. This suggests David
Stark may have been a member of an unrelated Stark family living in Kentucky,
rather than a son of Daniel Stark; or there was a non-paternal event in the
generation of Daniel [1746-1810] or one of the generations that follows.
Genetic results from a second descendant of David could resolve this issue
in the future. [Any Mismatch over Markers 22,23,24, & 25 counts as
a genetic distance of 1. Click HERE to
see Note 3 below the Results Table.] |
|
|
|
Page
3
Genealogical
Lineage
The
following Genealogical Lineage Table shows the direct male line
from each member to their earliest known ancestor. The Common Ancestor of all members, Aaron Stark
[1608-1685], is presented in the Gen 12 column. Note that
the Kit #'s of the program members are variously shown under the
column's labeled Gen 0 through Gen 3. This is because there are four living generations participating in the
project. The
following would be the number of generations Aaron Stark lived before
the members: 12 generations before those listed under
Gen 0; 11 generations before those listed under Gen 1; 10
generations before those listed under Gen 2; and 9 generations
before those listed under Gen 3.
The
Panels/Mismatches column reports the Panel haplotypes that were
reported
for the Member in that row and the
number of mismatches over each Panel — relative to the
Ancestral
Haplotype. The 'ID" column assigns a
letter code to each row for the purpose of discussion when
making genetic comparisons. [Comparison of A to B for example.]
When
reading from left to right, each row will eventually encounter
a common ancestor associated with a member in an adjacent row. For example,
A and B have a common ancestor named Moses, reported in the
Gen 6 column. A, B, and C have a common ancestor
named Jonathan J., reported in the Gen 7 column. This continues to
occur reading left to right until Gen 12 —
where Aaron I is reported to be the common
ancestor of all of the members.
The number of Unique
Transmission Events
(Births) in a generation can be found
under the Gen number for that column. A UTE occurs when the
Y-DNA of the Father is
transmitted to his son. In each generation, the total births are
the sum of all of the individuals listed in that Gen column. The total number of Births
reported in Gen Columns 0 through 11 are presented
in the Gen12 column. For the purposes of this discussion, the
persons reported in the Generation 11 column are "Genealogical
Branch Progenitors."
William
Stark (Senior) [1664-1730] is the progenitor of the branch
consisting of his descendants
with this background color. Aaron Stark II [1654-1701] is
the progenitor of the branch consisting of his descendants
with this background color. The common ancestor of all of
the members, Aaron Stark I [1608-1685], is presented
in the Gen 12 column.
Genealogical Lineage
Table
| ID |
Panels
Mismatches |
Gen
0
UTE=1
|
Gen
1
UTE=11
|
Gen
2
UTE=25
|
Gen
3
UTE=30
|
Gen
4
UTE=30
|
Gen
5
UTE=29
|
Gen
6
UTE=29
|
Gen
7
UTE=24
|
Gen
8
UTE=18
|
Gen
9
UTE=10
|
Gen
10
UTE=6
|
Gen
11
UTE=2
|
Gen
12
Total=215
|
| A |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(0) |
----- |
----- |
76234 |
Father |
Samuel
G.
1888-1967 |
James M.
1824-1905 |
Moses
1793-1860 |
Jonathan
J.
1778-1850 |
James
1741-1821 |
Jonathan
1712-1764 |
William
Jr.
1690-1736 |
William
Sr.
1664-1730
Branch
Progenitor |
Aaron
I
1608-1685
Common
Ancestor |
| B |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(0)
|
98044 |
Father |
John
E.
1904-1971 |
George
H.
1882-1948 |
Robert
S.
1858-1911 |
Thompson
1829-1899 |
| C |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(1)/(0)
|
----- |
----- |
78077
|
Father |
William
F.
1848-1929 |
Carroll
B.
1821-1891 |
Enoch
1794-1864 |
|
C1 |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(1)/(0)
|
|
|
178528 |
Carroll
Edd 1930-2011 |
Edd
Moore
1900-1997 |
Esset
A.
1873-1968 |
Norborne
P.
1819-1880 |
Adin
H.
1795-1850 |
| D |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(1)
|
----- |
48711
|
Father |
William
A.
1905-1959 |
Jona'
E.
1882-1935 |
Simeon E.
1858-1893 |
Elisha
S.
1811-1870
|
Abraham
1781-1857 |
Daniel
1746-1810 |
| E |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(1)
|
----- |
119763
|
Father |
Max
W.
1896-1971 |
William
H.
1855-1917 |
Simeon S.
1820-1893
|
Jesse A.
1802-1877 |
| E1 |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(0) |
|
165568 |
Father |
James
V.
1871-1924 |
James
A.
1849-1933 |
| E2 |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(1) |
|
176520
|
Father |
William
H.
[----] |
William
Hugh
[1890-1977] |
Abraham
H.
[1849-1938] |
Stephen
D.
[1808-1869] |
| F |
P1/P2/P3
(1)/(0)/(0)
|
----- |
9Z5ZG
|
Father |
Robert
L.
1896-1956 |
Walter
1871-1898 |
Rice
A.
1821-1900 |
William
1804-1870 |
| G |
P1/P2
(0)/(0)
|
----- |
----- |
16335 |
Father |
Elmore
M.
1892-1979 |
Israel
M.
1857-1936 |
Jona'
A.
1815-1880
|
Jona'
D.
1768-1828 |
| H |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(0)
|
----- |
80860 |
Father |
John
Harold
1907-1956 |
Marion
G.
1868-1918 |
John
Henry
1832-1915 |
Christopher
1802-1862
|
James
V.
1773-1853
|
Christopher
1747-1807 |
| I |
P1/P2
(0)/(0)/0
|
----- |
----- |
74961 |
Father |
Wesley
1894-1951 |
John
W.
1844-1894 |
John
A.
1811-1874
|
Benjamin
1783-1831
|
John
1756-1841 |
| J |
P1/P2/P3
(1)/(0)/(0)
|
----- |
----- |
----- |
115456
|
Father |
Harry
L.
1879-1968 |
Bethuel G.
1840-1908 |
Caleb
1793-1876 |
Joseph
1746-1807 |
| J1 |
P1/P2
(0)/(0)/(0)
|
----- |
----- |
202299 |
Father |
Larkin
M.
1884-1923 |
Larkin
1838-1896 |
James
1804-1873 |
Joseph
1776-1814 |
Jonathan
Jr.
1740-1802 |
| K |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(1)
|
----- |
----- |
----- |
63737
1928-2011
|
Leslie
O.
1893-1971
|
Samuel
A.
1859-1939 |
Franklin
S.
1831-1899
|
Prince
L.
1795-1862
|
John
1754-1825
|
Moses
1716-1797 |
| L |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(1)/(2)
|
----- |
----- |
75156
|
Father |
William
L.
1898-1956 |
Nathan
T.
1863-1917 |
Isaac
A.
1822-1867
|
Daniel
1793-????
|
Daniel
A.
1761-????
|
William,
III
1723-1795 |
| M |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(0)
|
----- |
----- |
78078 |
Father |
William
O.
1869-1951
|
John
L.
1848-1926 |
Asahel
L.
1817-1881
|
Daniel
R.
1788-1820
|
Asahel
1755-1821
|
Chris
Jr.
1728-1785 |
Christopher
1698-1777 |
| M1 |
P1/P2/P3
(1)/(0)/(0) |
------- |
203166 |
Father |
Earle
H.
1922-1988 |
Jay
W.
1897-1960 |
Jared
H.
1858-1911 |
Milo
1829-1918 |
Isaac
1805-1874 |
Nathan
1762-1812
|
| N |
P1
(0)
|
----- |
N56748 |
Father |
Harold
V.
1904-1984 |
John
Kneff
1877-1950 |
William
1844-1920 |
John
K.
1812-1881
|
Daniel
1793-1825
|
John
1763-1841 |
| N1 |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(2)
|
|
|
154414
|
Father |
Virgil
E.
1925-2000 |
William
E.
1871-1944 |
William
P.
1830-1908 |
Henry
1804-1882 |
| N2 |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(1)
|
----- |
----- |
N66901
|
Father |
Kern
R.
Kelly
1890-1973 |
D.
F. Stark
T.
B. Kelly
1851-1916
|
William
A.
1824-1885
|
Isaac
1796-1869
|
| O |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(1)
|
----- |
----- |
N17289
|
Father |
Lewis
C.
1891-1977 |
Leroy
H.
1865-1896 |
Henry
H.
1840-1900
|
Jeremiah
1798-1870
|
Abijah
1768-1842
|
Nathan
1743-1830
|
Daniel
1702-1758 |
| P |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(0)
|
----- |
----- |
98140 |
Father |
Horace
J.
1909-1995 |
William
H.
1873-1937
|
John
G.
1836-1912
|
Abiel
1806-1869
|
Nathan
II
1763-1837
|
Nathan
I
1725-1780
|
Abiel
(1st)
1689-1755 |
Aaron II
1654-1701
Branch
Progenitor |
| Q |
P1/P2
(0)/(0)
|
----- |
----- |
----- |
135468 |
Father |
Lowell R.
1892-???? |
Clinton E.
1853-1918 |
Albert W.
1818-1895 |
Caleb
1766-1841 |
Abiel
(2nd)
1724-1770 |
| R |
P1/P2/P3
(1)/(1)/(0)
|
----- |
----- |
87105
|
Father |
Osmer
E.
1886-1964 |
Edward
1855-1908
|
Andrew
1821-1876
|
Reuben
1797-1877
|
Ebenezer
1768-1860
|
Stephen
II
1717-1777
|
Stephen
I
1686-1755 |
| S |
P1
(1)
|
----- |
----- |
115764
|
Father |
Samuel
A.
1894-1971
|
Samuel J.
1867-1952 |
Samuel
1828-1900 |
Norman S.
1796-1875 |
| S1 |
P1/P2/P3
(1)/(0)/(1) |
----- |
172378 |
Father |
Gould
P.
1907-1980 |
Bernard
J.
1879-???? |
Byron
C.
1852-1928 |
James
A.
1815-1886 |
Roderick
1787-1858 |
Stephen
III
1766-1820 |
|
S2 |
P1/P2
(1)/(0) |
----- |
----- |
----- |
194579 |
Father |
John
O.
1871-1928 |
John
D.
1841-1909 |
Charles
1794-1874 |
Samuel,
Jr.
1759-1834 |
Samuel
1722-1758 |
| S3 |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(0)/(0)
|
|
|
|
206763 |
Father |
John
Joseph
1857-1920 |
Stephen
1823-1885 |
William
1790-1839 |
| T |
P1/P2/P3
(0)/(1)/(1) |
----- |
102286
|
Father |
Raymond
1891-1943 |
Samuel
A.
1864-1939 |
Aaron
1830-1899
|
John
Reid
1798-1880
|
John
II
1771-1844
|
John
1733-1822
|
Aaron
IV
1708-1772
|
Aaron III
1678-1744 |
|
|
Page
4
Haplotype
Nomenclature
In
the following analysis the Panel 1 Haplotype will be designated
as H12; Panel 1 combined with Panel 2 will be designated H25;
and Panel 1 combined with Panel 2 combined with Panel 3 will be
designated H37
Analysis
of H12 Haplotypes
|
|
Table
1 identifies a set of unique H12 Haplotypes. H12-1 is
the most common haplotype and also is the same as the H12 Ancestral Haplotype. All
members having H12-1 were a perfect match to each other and
exhibited no mutations.1
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1) |
The time
predictor used for all of the comparisons is furnished
by Family Tree DNA and referred to as FTDNATiP™. The FTDNATiP™
results are based on the mutation rate study presented during
the 1st International Conference on Genetic Genealogy, on Oct.
30, 2004. The probabilities calculated take into consideration
the mutation rates for each individual marker being compared.
For more information, click HERE. |
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H12-1: |
Comparisons to each
other results in a 87.07% probability they share a common ancestor who lived
within the last 20 generations. The Members with H12-1 descending from William
Stark are: A, B, C, C1, D, E, E1, E2, G, H, I, J1, K. L. M, N, N1, N2, O. The Members with H12-1
descending from Aaron Stark II are: P, Q, T & S3. H12-1 agrees with the Ancestral
Haplotype |
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H12-2: |
Comparisons to
those having H12-1 results in a 60.99% probability they share a common
ancestor who lived within the last 20 generations. The Members with H12-2 descending from William Stark are: F. Members with
H12-2 descending
from Aaron II are: R, S. This genetic comparison yields a probability that
is insufficient in value to determine the relatedness of the H12-1 Members to the
H12-2 Members. When H12-2 members are compared to each other, there is a
87.7% probability they share a common ancestor who lived within the last 20
generations. |
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H12-3: |
Comparisons to
those having H12-1 results in a 57.13% probability they share a common
ancestor who lived within the last 20 generations. The Member with H12-3 descends from William and is: J. This genetic comparison yields a
probability that is insufficient in value to determine the relatedness of
the H12-1 Members to the H12-3 Member. When compared to those
having H12-2, there is a 29.09% probability they share a common
ancestor who lived within the last 20 generations. |
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H12-4: |
Comparisons to
those having H12-1 results in a 57.79% probability they share a common
ancestor who lived within the last 20 generations. The Member with H12-4 descends from
Aaron and is: S1. This genetic comparison yields a
probability that is insufficient in value to determine the relatedness of
the H12-1 Members to the H12-4. |
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H12-5: |
Comparisons to
those having H12-1 results in a 59.49% probability they share a common
ancestor who lived within the last 20 generations. The Member with H12-5 descends from
Aaron and is: S2. This genetic comparison yields a
probability that is insufficient in value to determine the relatedness of
the H12-1 Members to the H12-5. |
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H12-6: |
Comparisons to
those having H12-1 results in a 57.13% probability they share a common
ancestor who lived within the last 20 generations. The Member with H12-6 descends from William and is:
M1. This genetic comparison yields a
probability that is insufficient in value to determine the relatedness of
the H12-1 Members to the H12-6 Member. When compared to those
having H12-2, there is a 29.09% probability they share a common
ancestor who lived within the last 20 generations. |
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While
there is sufficient genetic evidence to establish relatedness in
comparisons within each of the H12 haplotypes, the comparisons of
H12-1 to H12-2, H12-3, H12-4, & H12-5 cannot resolve relatedness between these
members without additional genetic data. Nor can comparisons of
H12-2, H12-3, H12-4, and H12-5 to each other resolve relatedness between
these Members. However, genetic results over the H25 and H37
haplotypes will
later determine F, R, J, S, S1, and S2 are related to those members
having H12-1.
Future
participants genetically tested having the surname Stark and
having H12-1 — most
likely will be descendants of Aaron Stark [1608-1685].
New members joining the program having H12-2, H12-3, H12-4, H12-5,
& H12-6 could
also be descendants of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]. However, it is
suggested new members having these Haplotypes upgrade their test
to include the Panel 2 DYS Markers (13 through 25) to confirm their relatedness
to members tested over these additional Markers.
H12 Haplotype
Life Expectancy Calculations (Markers 1 thru 12) [See
Appendix 2]
The genealogical data suggests there were
190 Births (UTE
transmissions). H12 is a 12 marker haplotype over Panel 1. Members R & S had
allele values of 12 at DYS-393. Both are descendants of Ebenezer Starks
(Gen 5). Therefore, by triangulation, Ebenezer had the allele value of 12
at this marker. Because Ebenezer is the common ancestor of both, this
counts as 1 mutation at DYS-393 relative to the Ancestral Haplotype --- because
Ebenezer Starks was the common source of the allele value of 12 for
Members R & S. Member F has an allele value of 12 at DYS-393 resulting
in a 2nd mutation at DYS-393. Referring to Table 1, Member J has an allele value of 11 at
DYS-439; resulting in a third H12 haplotype mutation. Member S1 has an
allele value of 11 at DYS 385a; resulting in a fourth H12 haplotype
mutation. member S2 has an allele value of 30 at DYS 389-2 resulting in
a fifth H12 haplotype mutation.
In
the H12 Haplotype, there were six observed mutations.
Solving equation (1) for K=6; B=215; and M=12:
R=K/B*M=6/215*12=6/2580=(.00232) = the mutation rate based on
the total observed mutations in the H12 haplotypes
Solving for Appendix 2 equation (3):
(Average
Life Expectancy of H12 Ancestral Haplotype) =1 / [1 - (1 - 0.00232)12]= approximately
46.29 generations.
If equation (3) is solved using the FTDNA average assumed mutation rate
of (0.002) — the resulting number of generations will be
41.2. The member data will result in a H12 mutation rate that is approximately
the Standard mutation rate of 0.002.
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Page
5
Analysis
of H25 Haplotypes
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