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Volume 1: Aaron Stark [1608-1685], Progenitor of our Stark Family in North America and the First Three Generations Part 2: The Second Generation; Children of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]
Chapter 3: John, Sarah, Elizabeth, and Anna Stark 2nd Edition; October 2006; by Clovis LaFleur, with Editorial Assistance by Donn Neal; Copyright © August 2006, Clovis La Fleur Major contributors: Pauline Stark Moore & Gwen Boyer Bjorkman
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[Previous: Chapter 2: Aaron Stark (Junior) & Mehitable Shaw] [Chapter 4: The Life & Times of William Stark] John Stark [ca. 1658-1689] , Elizabeth Packer, and Their Children An entry in the New London County records for June 3, 1685, informs us John Stark was the son of Aaron Stark (Senior):62
Two things help us to estimate John Stark’s year of birth. Based on his service in King Philip’s War (1675-76), he was born no later than 1659. (He had to have been at least 16 years of age to serve in the militia.) And because his brother, Aaron Stark (Junior), was reported to have been a resident of New London on April 11, 1678, while John was not, John may have been under the age of 21 in that year. These two facts suggest that he was born between 1657 and 1659.63 There are few surviving records in Connecticut related to John Stark during his lifetime. We know he served in King Philip’s War because he was granted land in Voluntown (on July 2, 1701) for his participation.64 The records also show that on September 17, 1678, John was fined for being out at night with Samuel Packer, Mary Fish, and Margaret Culver. John was deceased when the inventory of his estate was presented at court on September 16, 1690. As Helen Stark tells us,65 [John Stark] was a Lieutenant, and that he died in 1689, also that his widow married John Weeks. John most likely married Elizabeth Packer about 1684, or perhaps earlier. The Samuel Packer mentioned above was most likely her brother, and the parents of these siblings were probably John Packer and Elizabeth Friend.66 An entry in the New London County Court dated February 6, 1693/94, records the following case:67
John Stark’s widow, who later married John Weeks, had an unpaid debt to Richard Christophers, apparently for his having constructed the coffin of John Stark. Helen Stark's research also uncovered a New London County Probate Record dated September 20, 1705, which identifies "John Weeks of New London, husband of Elizabeth, late wife of John Stark, late of New London."68 Thus we can be certain that the given name of John Stark's spouse was Elizabeth. In 1937, Helen Stark presented a hypothesis that the surname of Elizabeth was Packer. Her argument goes as follows:69
We can now flesh out Helen's analysis with additional supporting evidence. The Groton records show that John Weeks and Elizabeth had children named John (born November 5, 1693), Mary (born April 7, 1695), Joshua (born March 19, 1697), Margaret (born May 17, 1699), Lenard (born May 17, 1701), and Friend (born February 17, 1703).70 The names Friend Weeks and Joshua Weeks were recorded in the 1739 release; Mary Weeks was most likely the spouse of John Stanton. According to Packer family researchers, Elizabeth Packer was born about 1669 to John Packer and his first wife, Elizabeth Friend. John and Elizabeth (Friend) Packer had other children named John (Junior), Samuel, Richard, Sarah, Tamsen, and Mary (who married Ephraim Culver). If this Packer family research is accurate, then Helen Stark’s hypothesis would seem to be correct. Assuming this is so, then when did Elizabeth Packer marry John Stark? A Groton, New London County Deed Record dated July 17, 1705, gives us some clues:71
The “said Elizabeth Stark” recorded in this document was the daughter of John Stark and Elizabeth Packer (proven earlier to be the spouse of John Stark). In this document, Elizabeth Stark declared “my selfe to have full power by age in the Law provided to act In this afaire." To be old enough to act on her own behalf, Elizabeth Stark had to have been twenty-one years of age or older in 1705, which makes her latest year of birth 1684. This suggests that her parents, John Stark and Elizabeth Packer, were married before 1684. Charles R. Stark's 1927 publication, The Aaron Stark Family, Seven Generations, reported that John Stark and spouse Elizabeth (her surname not given) had daughters named Hannah and Elizabeth:72
The 1705 Groton deed cited above established John Stark had a daughter named Elizabeth who was born before 1684. According to the Groton Township vital records, Elizabeth Stark married John Newbury on April 5, 1707, and Hannah Stark and Isaac Fox were married a few days later, on April 21, 1707.73 Were these two women sisters? A deed dated November 20, 1708, may provide the answer:74
This deed shows that John Newbury was married to Elizabeth Stark, daughter of John Stark, deceased. The phrase "undivided between me and my brother Isaac Fox" suggests John Newbury and Isaac Fox were brother-in-laws – suggesting in turn that Isaac’s spouse was Hannah Stark, Elizabeth Stark’s sister. Charles R. Stark provides even more evidence of their relationship:72
Because Hannah's name was not mentioned in the 1708 deed transaction, can we prove (other than by the marriage record cited) that Isaac Fox’s spouse had the given name Hannah? Fortunately, a deed record dated May 9, 1721, not only includes the given name of Isaac Fox’s spouse but also states that she was the daughter of John Stark.75
Thus we can determine that Hannah (Stark) Fox was the sister of Elizabeth Stark and that John Newbury and Isaac Fox were brothers-in-law. In summary, John Stark was the son of Aaron Stark (Senior) and Sarah and was born before 1659 in New London County, Connecticut. He probably married Elizabeth Packer before 1684 and they had daughters named Elizabeth Stark (born ca. 1684) and Hannah Stark (born between 1684 and 1687). John inherited part of Aaron Stark’s (Senior) property in 1685 and died four years later; his widow married John Weeks ca. 1692. In July 1701, John Stark posthumously received a land grant in Voluntown for his service in King Philip’s (1675-1676). John Stark and Elizabeth Packer’s older daughter, Elizabeth Stark, received a portion of her father’s estate when she attained the age of twenty-one. She married John Newbury on April 5, 1707, in Groton, New London County, Connecticut. Elizabeth and John Newbury sold her share of John Stark's estate to Isaac Fox, husband of Elizabeth’s sister, Hannah Stark. We do not know when Elizabeth Packer died nor the date of death of her daughter, Elizabeth Stark. John Newbury and Elizabeth Stark had seven children born between 1710 and 1727.76 Hannah Stark was most likely born before 1687. Just two weeks after her sister Elizabeth married John Newbury, Hannah married Isaac Fox (on April 21, 1707). Hannah and John were in possession of her part of her father's property on November 20, 1708, when Isaac purchased Elizabeth's share of the inherited property from John Newbury. Although Charles R. Stark's publication reports Hannah died on March 11, 1718,77 the May 9, 1721, deed cited above reveals that Hannah was still living on that date.74 Isaac and Hannah had six children born between 1710 and 1725.78 [Return to Table of Contents] [Top of Page] [Scroll Down to Continue]
Sarah Stark, Daughter of Aaron Stark [1608-1685] The tombstone of Sarah Stark reads: “Here lieth ye body of Sarah, wife of Samuel Fish died December 11, 1722, in ye 62nd year.”79 From this tombstone, we know that Sarah was born in the year 1660. But what was her surname before her marriage, and who were her parents? A marriage record for Sarah and Samuel Fish has not been found among the surviving records. We learn, however, from an action of the New London County probate court on July 17, 1705, that Elizabeth Stark, daughter of John Stark and Elizabeth Packer, received the property of her father, John Stark, deceased, from her step-father John Weeks (referred to as Elizabeth’s father-in-law in the document), on the "advise, consent, and influence of my Uncle Samuel Fish and my Uncle Josiah Haines."71 Could Samuel Fish be an uncle married to Elizabeth Stark’s aunt with the surname Stark? Elizabeth Stark, sister of John Stark, married Josiah Haines as her second husband, and documents to be presented later suggest she was a daughter of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]. Would it be probable then, that Uncle Samuel Fish was also married to a sister of John Stark, and the sister’s name was Sarah (Stark) Fish? Would the given name of Sarah Fish further suggest she was a daughter of Aaron Stark [1608-1685] and his wife Sarah (daughter given mother‘s name)? If Samuel Fish was indeed a brother-in-law of John Stark and Josiah Haines, then Samuel’s spouse must have had the surname Stark and was the “wife of Samuel Fish” inscribed on Sarah Fish‘s tombstone. Samuel Fish died on February 27, 1733, and was buried in the same cemetery as Sarah.79 His parents were John Fish and Martha (Eland) Fish of Stonington.62 Samuel Fish and Sarah Stark had seven children born between 1684 and 1702.80
Photographs: Samuel Fish & Sarah Fish tombstones taken August 2006. Packer/Burrows Cemetery, New London County, Connecticut. Photos Contributed by Midge Frazel <midgef@c4.net>.
Sarah (Stark) Fish Tombstone Here lieth ye body of Sarah, wife of Samuel Fish died December 11, 1722, in ye 62nd year.
Samuel Fish Tombstone Here lieth ye body of Capt. Samuel Fish died Feb ye 27 1733 in ye 77th year of his age.
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Elizabeth Stark, Daughter of Aaron Stark [1608-1685] On April 19, 1688, Elizabeth Start and Michael Lambert were married by Samuel Mason, Stonington Justice of the Peace.81 This marriage record most likely reported the marriage of Elizabeth Stark, the daughter of Aaron Stark [1608-1685] and Sarah. Elizabeth’s probable latest year of birth would have been about 1673 – based on Elizabeth being at least fifteen years of age when she first married – and her earliest year of birth was about 1666 (after her brother, William, born in 1664). She could have been born in either Stonington Township or New London Township (on the Stark homestead). Elizabeth and Michael had one daughter named Michel Lambert, born July 18, 1689, who would marry Peter Williams.82 Michael Lambert was a carpenter by trade and was contracted to build the Ministers house for the Preston Congregational Church in North New London County, January 13, 1689/90.83 Michael was to be compensated with 200 acres of land. During the construction, the couple lived in Preston. Either during or soon after Lambert completed the project, he most likely died, for Elizabeth Lambert married Josiah Haines March 3, 1693.82 Was the Elizabeth Lambert who married Josiah Haines the same Elizabeth Start who married Michael Lambert? As we have seen in our discussion of Sarah (Stark) Fish above, a New London County probate court entry dated July 17, 1705, shows that Elizabeth Stark, daughter of John Stark and Elizabeth Packer, received the property of her father, John Stark, deceased, from her step-father John Weeks (referred to as Elizabeth’s father-in-law in the document), on the "advise, consent, and influence of my Uncle Samuel Fish and my Uncle Josiah Haines."71 This document, by telling us that Elizabeth Stark had an uncle named Josiah Haines – not a brother of her mother but more likely a brother-in-law of Elizabeth Stark’s father (John Stark) – indicates that Elizabeth Haines was a sister of John Stark and thus a daughter of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]. Josiah Haines and Elizabeth Stark had eight children between 1694 and about 1714.82 Charles R. Stark’s publication says this about Elizabeth (Stark) Haines.82
Elizabeth and Josiah Haines lived in Preston from 1694 to 1701, according to the above account, and are known to have been living in Groton by 1705. Sometime before November 23, 1721, Josiah Haines died, for Elizabeth and her son Josiah Haines (Junior) sold some property where they were recorded as executor and executrix of the estate of the late Josiah Haynes.84 Elizabeth married Nehemiah Smith September 7, 1724. 82 Charles R. Stark continues with these comments about Smith:
Elizabeth Stark's will was prepared and signed on September 22, 1739. It was probated December 31, 1739, under the name Elizabeth Smith, the name of her third husband, Nehemiah (who had died on August 8, 1727). Therefore, she probably died sometime between these dates in 1739. Her will mentions son Josiah and Caleb, and from this document we can determine that her daughters were Michel (Lambert) Williams, Caziah (Haines) Streat, Elizabeth (Haines) Phillop, Anne (Haines) Brown, and Deborah Haines.80 Charles R. Stark includes the will of Elizabeth (Stark) Smith in his publication. It reads as follows:80
Anna Stark, Daughter of Aaron Stark [1608-1685] Helen Stark, in her "Known Facts & Authorities" article, gave this synopsis of what we know about Anna Stark and William Reade:62
Anna Stark and William Reade were well documented as residents of Lisbon, located on the neck of land between the two rivers that unite at Norwich to form the Thames. William and Anna had seven children born between 1700 and 1720.85 In her article, Helen also commented on the parentage of Anna Stark:
Since we cannot locate another Stark family in this area of Connecticut during this time frame, we presume Anna was either a daughter or granddaughter of Aaron Stark (Senior). We know we can rule out certain other Starks. John Stark had two daughters, Elizabeth and Hannah, and they are identified as the only heirs to John's estate. Likewise, the children of William Stark are well documented, and there is no mention of an Anna Stark or William Reade in William Stark’s will. That leaves us with Aaron Stark (Junior) and his father, Aaron Stark (Senior), both of who were alive during the 1670s when Anna (born during that decade if she was of marrying age in 1699) was born. Aaron Stark (Junior) married Mehitable Shaw on November 28, 1676. If Anna was born in 1677, she would have been 22 years of age when she married William Reade. Thus Aaron (Junior) is a plausible candidate to be Anna’s father. But if Anna was born before 1677, she had to have been the daughter of Aaron (Senior) and Sarah Stark. Therefore, Anna’s age at her marriage in 1699 is the decisive factor in determining her parentage. Anna gave birth to her first known child in 1700 and to her last known child in 1720. 85 If we suppose that a woman at that time might have borne children as late as age forty-six, then Anna would have been born by 1674. But if Anna was much younger when she was married – say, only fifteen in 1699, she could have been born as late as 1684. Within this ten-year range, do the surviving records help us any in identifying which Aaron Stark was her father? The date of marriage of Aaron Stark (Senior) to Sarah is not known with certainty. If we again suppose the upper child-bearing age for Sarah was forty-six, she would have been born in 1638 if she was the mother of a child (Anna) born in 1684; this would make her between sixteen and twenty when we believe Aaron (Senior) married Sarah – between 1653, the year of the first Thomas Minor diary entry, and 1657, the latest probable year of birth of Aaron (Junior). Using the same assumptions, if Sarah was forty-six in 1674, she would have been born in 1628 if she was the mother of a child born in that year; this would make her between twenty-six and thirty when she married Aaron. Thus Sarah certainly could have been the mother of Anna Stark. This said, we have to observe that it is more probable that Mehitable Shaw was Anna’s mother, since Mehitable was in her prime child-bearing years between 1677 and 1684 whereas Sarah was in her final child-bearing years at that time. If Anna was born before August of 1677, soon after Aaron Stark (Junior) married Mehitable, then we must conclude that she was the daughter of Aaron Stark (Senior) and Sarah. Although there is no surviving documentation to link Anna to Aaron Stark (Junior) and Mehitable Shaw, mathematical probabilities do favor them as the most likely candidates to have been her parents. However, we note that Anna (Stark) Reade named her oldest daughter Sarah and second daughter Anna – a naming pattern, commonly used then, that suggests the two children were named, in order, first after a grandparent and then after a parent. This could favor Aaron Stark (Senior) and Sarah as the parents of Anna. For the purpose of providing Anna with an identity within the Stark family, her parents (with considerable reservation) will be presented as Aaron Stark (Junior) and Mehitable Shaw. This is done because mathematical probabilities do favor them as the most likely candidates to have been her parents. [Previous: Chapter 2: Aaron Stark (Junior) & Mehitable Shaw] [Chapter 4: The Life & Times of William Stark] [Return to Table of Contents] [Top of Page] [Scroll Down to Sources, References, & Footnotes]
Sources, References, & Footnotes:
[Previous: Chapter 2: Aaron Stark (Junior) & Mehitable Shaw] [Chapter 4: The Life & Times of William Stark] |
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Other than that work created by other acknowledged contributors or sources, the articles and genealogical data presented in this publication were derived from the research of Clovis LaFleur; Copyright © 2007. All rights are reserved. The use of any material on these pages by others will be discouraged if the named contributors, sources, or Clovis LaFleur have not been acknowledged. Disclaimer This publication and the data presented is the work of Clovis LaFleur. However, some of the content presented has been derived from the research and publicly available information of others and may not have been verified. You are responsible for the validation of all data and sources reported and should not presume the material presented is correct or complete.
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