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Description
of Analysis Articles (Click on underlined item to go to the
article)
Part 1: Y-DNA Analysis
of the Descendants of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]
The origins of the Stark surname in North America
began with the arrival of Aaron Stark in New England
between 1630 and 1637 —
most likely from Scotland or England. He was born about 1608 and died in 1685 in
New London County, Connecticut. His service in the Pequot War under
Captain John Mason in May of 1637, was the first record we have of him
in Connecticut. He eventually settled in New London County, Connecticut in
a region that later became Groton Township.
Those who have participated in the
Stark Family Y-DNA Project
have been found to be descendants of many genetically unrelated families having the surname
Stark or one of it's derivatives. The majority of the participants are descendants of families
that settled in New Hampshire,
Virginia, and Connecticut. Contrary to the beliefs of some earlier researchers, the Stark Family Y-DNA Project has clearly
proven the descendants of Aaron Stark are not related to the descendants of the New Hampshire and
Virginia families.
Part II: Genetic Genealogy
Analysis of the Descendants of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]
All
of the male individuals discussed in Part I of this report have been found to be descendants of Aaron
Stark [1608-1685] of Connecticut. The Genetic
Results Table presented in Part I suggests there is a high
probability these men all have a common ancestor who lived within the
previous 20 generations. The genealogy of the participants suggests all of
the members share Aaron Stark [1608-1685] as a common ancestor who lived
within the previous 13th generation relative to Member 98044.
Part
II will analyze
the genetic results of those members having 37 marker haplotypes.
Appendix
1: Defining
the Ancestral Haplotype of Aaron Stark [1608-1685]
The genealogical research suggests Aaron Stark I [1608-1685] was the
common ancestor of all of the members in the genetic program. Using the Genetic
Results Table and the Genealogical
Lineage Table, the
triangulation method devised by Charles F. Kerchner, Jr. will be employed
to define the P37 Ancestral Haplotype of Aaron Stark [1608-1685].
Appendix
2: Haplotype and DYS Marker Life Expectancy Calculations
Mutation Rate: The rate at which a
genetic marker or
haplotype mutates
or changes over time; expressed as a decimal value or a percentage. Commercial
DNA testing laboratories use an average haplotype mutation rate most often
given as 0.002, 0.003, and 0.004. Depending on the study, these average
mutations for all of the markers in a haplotype applies to the general male
population as a whole.
Surname projects
having genealogical research of
high quality with one common ancestor identified as the progenitor —
can have average mutation rates that do not agree with the literature.
The number of participants and the genealogy
of the descendants of Aaron Stark [1608-1685] is of sufficient quality
that it becomes possible to calculate the average mutation rate for various
Haplotypes and DYS Markers.
Part
III: Aaron Stark's (1608-1685) Ancestral Roots: A Theory
At
the time this theory was prepared for publication, twenty-six men with the surname Stark or
Starks have —
genetically
and genealogically
—
been proven to share Aaron Stark (1608-1685) as a common ancestor.
Seven were a
perfect 37 Marker match to each other over the H37 Haplotype (Markers 1 through 37).
In Parts I & II, the triangulation method devised by Charles F. Kerchner,
Jr. was employed to define the H37
Ancestral Haplotype of Aaron Stark (1608-1685).
In
the genetic literature, a Modal Haplotype is composed of the most common
Allele values observed at each marker over a specific haplotype.
The H37 Ancestral Haplotype and the
H37 Modal Haplotype of Aaron Stark's descendants has been
observed to be identical.
One descendant of Aaron Stark
(Kit #N17289) has been confirmed to be a member of Haplogroup
R1b1b2a1a* —
this result predicting
all of the descendants of Aaron genetically tested will be
members of the same Haplogroup (FTDNA's shorthand notation is
R-U106).[1] The
purpose of this article will be to compare the Modal Haplotype of Aaron's descendants to persons in the FTDNA
database genetically confirmed to be members of Haplogroup
R-U106 —
none of whom will have the surname Stark. In particular,
the focus will be on participants reporting the geographical
location of their earliest known ancestor in the British Isles
or Western Europe. The
combination of geographical information and genetic comparisons will
then be analyzed to attempt to determine Aaron's ancestral
roots.
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