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Clover Family Compendium

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A Study of the Clovers in Salem County, New Jersey

[This article was originally published October 27, 1998, Volume 8 Issue 1, Copyright 1998 June C. Byrne]  Numbers in the text are for the endnotes.  If you print this article or copy it, please include the endnotes.  I suggest you share the URL for this page with the information because I will post any corrections or additional information here.  This is a long page and easier to study if you print it out.  It is not a normal web page, it is actually an article from one of my newsletters. I have received requests for this so here it is.   I have added some material which I had found since then.

Salem County, New Jersey Tax Records
 
       Research prior to 1800 in New Jersey is limited by the loss of the many records which were burned by the British during the Revolutionary War and the loss of the 1790, 1800, 1810 and 1820 New Jersey censuses. Nevertheless, many records did survive and various indexes name many Clovers in New Jersey prior to 1800.  

        Since there are so many Clover references in Salem County, New Jersey, it seemed an appropriate place to start researching pre-1800 Clover records.  I started out originally to see if there was a connection to John Peter Clover of Hunterdon County.  However, I have since concluded that there is unlikely to be a connection.  DNA tests show no relationship between the John Peter Clover descendants and the Monroe County, Illinois descendants whom I believe to be descended from Jacob Clover.
.

Jacob Clover
        A Jacob Clover is listed in Upper Alloways Township in Salem County, New Jersey in the Accelerated Indexing System (AIS) index of tax lists prior to 1800. Upper Alloways Township no longer exists.  It consisted then of what is now Alloways Township and Quiton Township.  The information in this article is taken from the Salem County, New Jersey tax lists on FHL Film number 0865488.  The title of the film is Salem County, New Jersey Tax Lists for 1778 to 1818. However, the first tax records for Salem County start in 1773.  The last lists for the township on the film are dated 1809. All townships have some lists but none have lists for every year.  Upper Alloways Twp has tax lists for 1773, 1774, 1779, 1782, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1793, 1795, 1796, 1797, and 1798. The tax lists are combined tax lists, meaning it lists taxable property along with real estate. In addition, each male over 21 had to pay what was commonly called a head tax or poll tax. Poll referred to a head, and had nothing to do with voting. 

        “A list of the Ratables in the Township of Upper Alloways Creek in the county of Salem in the Province of West New Jersey with the assessments made thereon, in the 9[th] month 1773.”  
        On page 5, Jacob Clover was a householder paying a tax of 3 shillings. Single men with horses and single men without horses were listed separately, so the term “Householder” referred to a married or family man with no land. He was a householder owning no land, house, horses, cattle, wagon, stills, shops or riding chairs. Since no taxable property was listed, Jacob was taxed at the lowest rate which was 3 shillings.  A single man without a horse had to pay 13 shillings.  Clearly, wedded bliss was a major economic boon. The colonial governments basically disapproved of young men not getting married and running around on horses. Several householders with no taxable property listed paid slightly larger amounts. There is no indication as to why there are different amounts. The list was alphabetized by the tax collector so it is not possible to see his neighbors. Jacob Clover is listed in a group of eleven names on the last page who are out of alphabetical order and added at the end. I am told that this often meant that they had recently moved into the area. The other names at the end of the list who are not alphabetized were:
Job Smith
John Sneathon
John Bee
Joseph Beldon
Noah Bowen
Eleazer Crandle
Ephraim Randol
Christopher Dunlop
James Baxter
William Love

    1773taxoage5


        The list for “9[th] month 1774", same tax collector, page 1:
        Jacob Clover was a householder paying 4 shillings, still having no taxable property.  Obviously, he was in much the same economic state as in 1773, but owned something which had caused his taxes to go up. The list is of exactly the same type as 1773 written by the same tax collector.  Several householders were still paying 3 shillings or 3 shillings and some pence for no apparent reason.  

Jacob is the second entry under "C".  I put a scan here of the 1774 so that you can look at it. There is absolutely no question that the name is Clover.  Since it appears in two separate tax lists, I feel sure that this is a Jacob Clover rather than a Glover or some such.  
Jacob of Salem Co
 
There were again some unalphabetized names at the end of the 1774 list. These were:
Abraham Harris [with something written afterward, perhaps JunR He had no land. There was an Abraham Harris on the 1773 list with 100 acres and another Abraham Harris SenR with 100 acres on the alphabetized part of the 1774 list.]
James Green*
George Grier [There is a James Grier on the 1773 and 1774 lists. There is no George Grier in 1773]
Ralph Allen?
John McWilliams*
James Kelly [There are other Kellys on the lists, no obvious connections.]
Samuel Purvine*
Joseph Nickson
* Names appear on both the 1773 and 1774 lists

    Of these eight names, three appear in the 1773 lists, two appear to be sons of persons on the 1773 list who have reached the age of 21 so are on the 1774 list and 3 are new individuals. This bears out the comments made about the 1773 list that at least some of the unalphabetized individuals at the end of the list were new to the tax lists.

       The next tax list to survive was from 1779.  From that date on, the tax lists were written by a different person. In these years, there are no listings for a Jacob Clover or any last name which could have been a form of Clover in Upper Alloways Township.

        Jacob Clover may have moved on by 1779.  He had no land to hold him and the Revolutionary War must have made the area distinctly uncomfortable. A handout from the Salem County Genealogical Society says, “Salem County was the scene of the famous Hancock House Massacre during the Revolutionary War in which over 30 local militia men were ambushed and murdered by British Soldiers during a cold morning in March 1778.”

Salem County Church Records
 
      Who was this Jacob Clover? What happened to the family?  A search of all extant Salem County, New Jersey records was made looking for traces of this Clover family.  There are no land or probate records for Jacob Clover in Salem County.  So many records have been lost in various ways that few are left besides the tax records and some church records.   

        The town of Friesburg is in what was Upper Alloways Creek Township in 1773. In 1834, the New Jersey Gazetteer described it as a small German settlement containing a tavern, a Dutch Reformed Church, and a school. (1) The Friesburg Emanuel Lutheran Church was established there in 1748.  The people attending this church were all Germans and the records were kept in German for a hundred years.  Many of the people had come in order to work in the Wistar Glasshouse.  Luckily the records of this church have survived and have been translated and published. 

31 October 1773, a child named Jacob, about a half year old, was baptized.  His parents are listed as Klober and his wife.  The Witnesses were Adam Maurer and Mar. Cath. Fort. The next entry is on the same date and lists a child, Maria Catharina, with parents Jas: Fort and his wife Maria Catharina Fort.(2)


        The records of the church were kept in German.  From a linguistic point of view, the sounds in the English word clover and the German name Klober are almost indistinguishable. Klober is not one of the most common German surnames, but it is still in use today.  In the AIS Search One of census and tax records before 1819, the only Klober/Klobber listed is in Pennsylvania in 1790.  There are also later Clobers in Pennsylvania and Ohio.  This, of course, does not mean that no Klobers were in Salem County, New Jersey.  Nevertheless, it certainly seems reasonable to theorize that the Klober father in the church record is the Jacob Clover in the tax list.  If so, it would mean that the Klober father was using an Anglicized version of Klober in English civil records.  

        Since so few records have survived, corroborating evidence to support this theory has to be found in the existing tax lists and the church records themselves.  A study of the names in the two records shows some interesting parallels.  During the period from September 1773 to April 1774, there were fourteen other infants baptized.  The following is a list of different surnames of parents and witnesses appearing in the church records followed by the forms they take in the Upper Alloways Township, Salem County, New Jersey, 1773 and 1774 tax lists on the microfilm.

Bauer = Bower        Wolpert/Wulpert = Walport    Sauder = Souter    Sturz = Stutze
Kauz = Couts        Fischer = Fisher        Fries = Frees        Maurer = Mower
Schmidt = Smith    Hofmann = Hoffman

The following individuals are found in other townships of Salem County.
Jas: Fort = James Ford    Heinrich Faber = Henry Fauvor    Math: Ross = Mathias Roos

        Johan Georg Bender and Adam Fix bear German Christian names, but have an Anglicized surname in the church record. It is surprising that 100% of the persons whose names are found in both the German church records and the tax lists of Salem County had Anglicized the spelling of their names to some extent in the tax list.  Some of the other persons may have changed their names so much that they are not recognizable on the tax list.  This may be a result of English clerks dealing with German names.  It is a fact that German Protestant emigrants were more literate than their English contemporaries.  But they were literate only in German script.  Therefore, they were at the mercy of the spelling of the English clerk.
        This comparison of names indicates that most, if not all, of the German community in Upper Alloways Creek Township in 1773 was using Anglicized names in English civil records.  This is corroborative evidence that Clover is likely to be the Anglicized form of Klober. If so, Jacob Klober of the church record is very likely to be the son of Jacob Clover from the tax list.  
        The arrangement of the 1773 tax list hints that Jacob Clover might have arrived in the area shortly before September 1773.  His name is at the end of the list among the names which had not been alphabetized.  There is corroborating evidence within the church records.  Most of the other children’s birth dates are given.  These children were all about one month old.  Jacob Klober was about one half year old when he was baptized so perhaps his family was not in the area much before October.
        It was common for relatives to stand as witnesses at baptisms in German churches so Adam Maurer/Mower is worthy of scrutiny.  He is in both the 1773 and the 1774 tax lists with horses and cattle, but with no land.  In the tax list from September 1779, he owns 200 acres.  In the New Jersey Archives, there is a will record: 19 April 1785.  Adam Mower of Upper Alloways Creek Township, Salem County, yeoman; will of. Son, John, 20 schillings. Son, Adam 30 pounds when 21. Wife, Margaret, to have what the law allows.  Son, George, my daughter, Mary Candle and my son, Adam, rest of estate. George has been from me for several years and if he does not return, I give his share to Mary Candle and son Adam.  Exec: William Dickeson and Adam Soul.  Wit: Elwell Moore, Charles Fogg, John Holme. Proved October 15, 1785.  12 May 1785, Inventory, ₤ 179.8.0 made by John Holme and Frederick Freas.(3) It thus appears that no relationship to the Clover family can be proven. He may have been simply a friend of the family.  
        It is unfortunate that no other link to Adam Maurer has yet been found, because his obituary notice was in the church record book. He was a native of the Margraviate Anspach & the village Doeckingen at Heidenheim by Hanekamm (died and was buried May 1785).  All of the people whose place of birth is mentioned in the church records were born in Southwest Germany. (4)  Ansbach is Southwest of Nuremburg in Bavaria.
        No further information was found on James Fort’s wife, Maria Catherine. There is a James Ford in the tax list in the nearby Mannington Township who may be the same person.
    Adam Mauer first appears in the church records in 1758 which does suggest that he had been there for some years before Jacob arrived.

Copies of the Friesburg Church Records

Because the following two transcriptions differ, I went to the trouble of acquiring a copy of the original church record.  This, by the way, took a lot of research to find.  I am not all that sure of exactly what the German record says because the film was not great.  However, it is absolutely clear that there is no Christian name for the father and there is no Christian name for the mother who is referred to only as ux meaning wife.  Clearly the second translation which has worried me so much is so much junk.  I find it very irritating that the unknown author put in material which is NOT in the church record.  I think he took it from another entry but that is not accurate.  

Family History Library film 441480: Title Kirchenbuch, 1744-1838
Emmanuel Lutheran Church (Alloway Township, New Jersey) (Main Author)
Notes: Microreproduction of original at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
The church was formerly known as Cohansy Lutheran Church.
Includes a full index.
This record consists of a photostat copy of the original on the right hand page with a translation of the German on the left hand page.
Contents: Baptisms, 1749-1821 -- Confirmations -- Marriages, 1751-1816  -- Burials, 1750-1837 -- Finances, minutes.
Note that the Klober entry is the second one from the top.
Klober

The first column is the name of the parents.  The second column is the name of the child, date of birth, date of baptism, the third column is hte witnesses.
Note that there is no first name of the father.  It says ----- Klober & ux[on line below]  Ux means wife.  I can't really read what is in the second column but I am assuming that the printed transcription is correct, that the child Jacob was about a half year old and that he was baptized 31 October 1773.

The first letter of Klober looks more like an R to the modern eye. However, look at the examples of German Gothic Script on this page. http://www.mun.ca/rels/morav/pics/tutor/mscript2.html  This is not written in actual Gothic Script.  But some of the capital letters look more like Gothic Script than the tax list which appears to have been writtten by an English scribe. You will see that there is very little difference between a script capital K and a script capital R. However, the following letters are obviously ~lober   You can't start a word with an RL~~ This is not a pronounceable sound in English or German. Therefore the first letter has to be a K.  

The next image
is from:
Herman G. L. Drews, translator, Records of Friesburg Emanuel Lutheran Church, Friesburg, Salem County, New Jersey 1749-1851, (Woodbury, New Jersey: Gloucester County Historical Society, 1984), 18.
    As far as I can tell, looking at various entries, this transcription is accurate.  Note that it does NOT agree on many of the entries with the other transcription.  
Published Church Records


    I researched and wrote this article in 1998.  Since then, I have continued looking for further information about this group in Salem County and have not found it. One of the things that I did was write to the Salem County Historical Society and ask them if there were any additional church records.  They sent me a page from a manuscript with another transcription of the same Friesburg church records. It is confusing because it does not match the ones from the above published page or the original church record. There is no indication as to what the numbers ahead of the names stand for or refer to.

No. 119 Thomas Klober, —Margt, –Jacob, bapt 31 October 1773
No. 381 Thomas Klober, Margt, –William b. 11 February 1781.
These entries are on two separate pages.  The manuscript does not say what the b. stands for but there are some other b. and also bapt. on the page.
        It is obvious to me that this translation is not accurate.  The church record does NOT have a father or mother's first name in the actual record.
       I went back to Orlando to look at the book I originally used.  This book seems to be a much more complete transcription.  This book has a Thomas Rhoder instead of Thomas Klober for the second entry.  
        The entry in the book reads:  page 23: Thomas Rhoder and wife Margareta, mother, English and not confirmed but the sponsors pledge likewise as in no. 6 [To bring the child to church.] William born October 11, baptized April 29th [1781] Sponsors: Andreas Kraemer and Mrs. Susanna Sauder. The book says that 12 children, including William Rhoder, were baptized on 29 April 1781 by Johann Christoph Kunze. 
       The published book contains much more information and looks to be much more reliable.  Unfortunately, the 1781 tax records of Upper Alloways Township did not survive.   There is no Rhoder or Rhodan or anything similar  in the 1783 tax list.  I can certainly tell you that there is no Thomas Klober/Rhoder in 1773 in any township in the county which survived.
        Basically, I think the error arose from someone who was trying to add information to the transcription and made an error.  This is a sad example of good intentions gone bad.

transcription no. 2


    Alice Boggs, the librarian at the Salem County Historical Society, told me that there were no Clovers or Klobers in manuscript no. 2 of the German Presbyterian Church of Hopewell.  This Hopewell is probably the one in Cumberland County.  The originals of the Friesburg Church Records have been microfilmed and are available on loan at any Family History Center.    
 


 Other Clovers in Salem County
Plim Clover
    Plim moved later to Philadelphia and was apparently an African American Clover. He did not live close to Jacob Clover.  I wondered if he might have originally been one of the slaves of Peter Clover, son of John Peter Clover.  He is known to have freed some of his slaves. 
        While searching each of the tax records for all townships for Salem County, another Clover was located. In the Pilesgrove Township 1797 tax list and in an undated list which appears to be for 1798, there is a Plim Clover who is a householder.  In each list, he owned half of a covering horse [stud] and was paying 10 shillings tax.  There are no other Clovers in any of the tax lists of this township and he disappears after 1798.  Presumably he moved on to Philadelphia because there is a Plim Clover listed there in the 1820 Philadelphia census.  He was listed as a free “colored” person in 1820. Many of the Salem County tax lists have separate listings for “negros.” Pilesgrove Township does not have a separate listing or any indication of race, but this is very probably the same person. 
[See NJ Miscellaneous records for what appears to be his appearance in the will of his father in law.] Plim also appears in the Philadelphia probate records.  See the Pennsylvania Probate Record page.  However, I find it hard to believe that he is connected to Jacob.  Since Jacob never owned land, I don't think he had enough money to own a slave.

•    1820 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Locust Ward, page 63, roll 108: Plim Clover 1 Free Male 14-26, 1 Free Male over 45, 1 Free Female under 14, 1 Free Female over 45 (all in “Free Colored Persons” Columns)


Cleaver/Clover in Salem County Records
    A set of Cleavers was also found who generated considerable confusion. The Cleaver family’s name is variously spelled Clover, Clever, Cleuer, Cloaver, Cleaver, and illegible Cl--er. They are not in the same geographic area as Plim Clover.  Several of the lists on which the Cleavers appear had other, separate sections for “free negros.”

1773 and 1774 Lower Alloways Creek Twp: Peter Clever 300 acres
1782 Elsinboro Twp: Peter Clever 225a; Isaac Clever 100a
1783 same: Peter Cleaver 225a; Isaac Clever Householder[Married, no land]
    1784 same: Peter Cleaver 225a (6 persons in household)
           Isaac Cleaver Householder [married, no land] (4 persons in  household)
1785 same: Peter Cloaver 225a
1788 same: Peter Clever 225a; John Clever is listed as a young man with a horse [unmarried]
1789 same: Peter Clover 225a
1793 same: Peter Cleaver, William Cleaver is listed as a young man without a horse [unmarried]
1794 same: Peter Cleaver 225a
No Cl??ver in later tax lists in this township.
1785, 1788 and 1789 Lower Alloways Creek: Isaac Clever 200a
There is no Cl??ver in later lists in this township.

The following New Jersey Cleaver/Clever marriage records were also found. The marriages are important to note because they show up in some books as Clover marriages.

William Clever of Delaware married Ann Grier of Elsinboro Township, 6 October 1795, (Salem County, New Jersey)
Clayton Kelly married Elizabeth Clever, 21 October 1802 (both of Salem County) (Salem County, New Jersey)
Samuel Wright married Mary Clever 16 April 1803 (both of Salem County) (Salem County, New Jersey).(5)
John Clever married Jemima Draper 11 November 1780 (Cumberland County, New Jersey).(6) Jemima Draper was from Salem. A Jemima Clever, formerly Draper, is listed in the minutes of the Salem Monthly Meeting [Quaker] as being expelled from the meeting on 7 August 1781 because she had been reported for “going out on marriage”.[Marrying outside the Quaker faith].(7)
    These Cleaver/Clever’s often show up in indexes as Clovers.  Note that Peter is actually listed as a Clover in 1789.  However, it is clear that this is the same person who is listed all along as a Cleaver/Clever. William Cleaver appears to have moved to Delaware and to have come back to marry a neighbor from Elsinboro Township.
    This Cleaver group is particularly worth noting because the AIS Search One index has a Peter Clover listed in St. Georges Hundred, New Castle County in Delaware in 1790.  However, close inspection of the indexes shows numerous references to the above named Cleaver/Clever clan in New Castle County, Delaware, starting about 1790.  New Castle County, Delaware is directly across the Delaware River from Elsinboro Township. These references to Clovers in early Delaware tax lists and the Peter Clover in Salem County in 1789 are more likely to be Cleavers than Clovers.
        I have copies of bible records for this group if anyone is interested. There is no connection to any Clover that I can see.
 

Jacob Clover Gone West?
On the trail of Jacob Clover
        The question immediately arises as to whether Jacob Clover was also a Cleaver instead of a Clover. But there is no reason to believe he was a Cleaver. He was living in a different area surrounded by Germans and attended a German Church which has no record of the Cleaver clan. The Cleavers were in other churches. Moreover, a search of the AIS index through 1820 shows no Jacob Clever/Cleaver at all, much less one with approximately the correct birth date.
        A search for a Jacob Clover is much more productive. There is a Jacob Clover in Jefferson County, Kentucky in the tax records who may be the Jacob Clover  of the Salem County, New Jersey tax lists.
        The following records were on LDS Film # 0008050 Jefferson County, Kentucky Tax Lists 1789-1801.  
1789 Jacob Clover, 1 white male over 21, 1 white male over 16 & under 21, 2 horses & cattle
[published transcriptions also list a Henry Clover in this and later years, but he is actually Henry Clower]
1790 Jacob Clover, 1 white male over 21 [Marked 1789 in different handwriting, but likely 1790]
Year not clear, possibly 1791: Jacob Clover, one horse
1792: Jacob Clover, 1 white male over 21, 2 over 16 under 21, 2 horses, 9 cattle
1793: Jacob Clover, 1 white male over 21, 1 over 16 under 21, 2 horses, 13 cattle
There is no Jacob Clover in later tax lists. Jacob is not shown as owning land in any year.   
        It is highly probable that the white males 16-21 in his household are his sons.  Since he did not own land, it is not likely he had farm hands living with him.  The young men seem to come and go, but they may be working for other people in the area. It appears that he has one son born 1768-1773 in 1789, 2 sons born 1771-1776 in 1792, and 1 son born 1772-1777 in 1793. It is not clear how many sons he actually had from the tax lists.  However, a Jacob Clover born early 1773 from Salem County, New Jersey would seem to fit nicely into these records.
    Copies of these Kentucky tax records are at: Kentucky Tax Lists
        These Clovers in Kentucky left behind few records.  They did not leave marriage records and again did not own land or leave probate records.  In fact, the only records of their sojourn in Kentucky found so far are the tax lists.  It is not known when they arrived in Kentucky because Kentucky tax lists don’t start until 1789. It happens that George Rogers Clark lived with his father, John Clark, in the same tax district as Jacob Clover.
        Lt. Col. George Rogers Clark and his frontiersmen captured Fort Sackville from British Lt. Governor Henry Hamilton and his soldiers on 25 February 1779. The heroic march of Clark's men from Kaskaskia [later the county seat of Randolph County, Illinois] on the Mississippi in mid-winter and the subsequent victory over the British remains one of the great feats of the American Revolution. Fort Sackville was a British outpost located in the frontier settlement of Vincennes.  More information on this event is available at:     http://www.nps.gov/gero/    
        Large numbers of settlers were induced to immigrate to Illinois by the glowing descriptions of the country given by these soldiers. A typical settlement of these settlers was located in 1786 in what is now Monroe County, Illinois. The settlement acquired new emigrants in 1793. The land in the East was much more expensive than the same quality land out west. In 1806, $3 per acre was the maximum price in even the settled parts of the Indiana Territory, while $50 per acre had been paid for choice Kentucky land. (8) The Indiana Territory would have included what is now Illinois in 1803. For those without land, as Jacob Clover was, the call of cheap land must have been strong.  
        On this site, Research Report on Clovers in the Federal Census 1790 through 1820, there is an article on Clovers in Censuses before 1820.  Note the Jacob Clover in Monroe County, Illinois in 1820 who is over 45 [born before 1775] with several young children.  Monroe County, Illinois was formed from Randolph County and St. Clair County in 1816. The following was found in the 1810 census of Randolph County, Illinois, page 25: J. Glover 11010-11010-00. This census would make him 26-45 in 1810. [born 1765-1784].
    Unfortunately Jacob Clover of Monroe County, Illinois died in 1821 and none of his children lived until 1880. So far, no direct evidence that he was born in New Jersey has been found. The Clover group was in Illinois by 1795 because Jacob, William, and Adam Clover appeared with Leonard Harness on a General Turn of Militia List.(9)  
    At the present time the connection between the Jacob Clover of Monroe County, Illinois, and the Jacob Clover/Klober born in Salem County, New Jersey in 1773 is purely theoretical, but certainly appears to be likely. The lack of extant records makes total proof very difficult, if not impossible. For more information on Jacob Clover see Jacob Clover Senior

Note from Michael Clover:
As to the theory of the Salem County, New jersey Clover's being actual Klober.
Franz Klober year 1776 age 24 who deserted the British forces. He was part of the Hessen-Hanau mercenary troops. He may have had relatives already in New Jersey, being the Klober's or Clover's? This is from ancestry.com under Passenger& Immigration Index list, 1500s-1900s


Endnotes for the previous article.

(1) Thomas F. Gorden, Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey, (Trenton, New Jersey: D. Fenton, 1834). Available on Family History Library (FHL) microfiche 6046927.
(2) Herman G. L. Drews, translator, Records of Friesburg Emanuel Lutheran Church, Friesburg, Salem County, New Jersey 1749-1851, (Woodbury, New Jersey: Gloucester County Historical Society, 1984), 18.
(3) New Jersey Archives 1st Series Vol XXXV, Calendar of Wills Volume VI 1781-1785, p 285.
(4) Herman G. L. Drews, translator, Records of Friesburg Emanuel Lutheran Church, Friesburg, Salem County, New Jersey 1749-1851, (Woodbury, New Jersey: Gloucester County Historical Society, 1984), page 97 ½.
(5) The Genealogical Magazine of New Jersey, Volume 2: 23, 49, 53.
(6) H. Stanley Craig, Cumberland County, New Jersey Marriages, (Merchantville, New Jersey: Privately published, 1932), 5.
(7) Charlotte Meldrem, Early Church Records of Salem County, New Jersey, (Westminster, Maryland: Familyline, 1996).
(8) Arthur Clinton Boggess, Ph.D, The Settlement of Illinois, 1778-1830,(Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 1908), 91-2.
(9) Edward G.  Mason, Early Illinois, (Chicago: Fergus Printing Company, 1890.), 93-4.

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Created, Edited, and Maintained By June Clover Byrne
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This page last updated 16 April 2011