In the 1840s there were signs that the Cornish copper lodes were being worked out. There was also increased competition from new mines in Cuba, Chile, Peru, Mexico and Australia, the copper in these mines was very often more accessible. The peak year of copper production in Cornwall was 1856, after this production dropped away dramatically leading to enormous unemployment particularly in mining and its associated industries. Along with miners Cornish emigrants included blacksmiths, engineers, masons, carpenters, builders, farm labourers, quarrymen, engine drivers and many other related occupations.
1840 to 1880 was a period of very high migration
from Cornwall. Many came to Australia, firstly to the copper mines of South
Australia, but then gold discoveries in Victoria and NSW also attracted
Cornish migrants. Sometimes they came directly to the gold mining areas
from Cornwall but there were also periods when miners left the South Australian
mines in large numbers to try their luck at the gold
diggings in Victoria and NSW.
The pattern was repeated in New Zealand. Mining on the west coast of the south island in the 1850s first attracted migrants. Another mining boom in the Otago region of the south island attracted more miners in the 1860s then in the 1870s there was a larger influx of Hollow migrants who were probably not attracted by the mining industry.
When looking at the migration of the 'Hollows' to Australia and New Zealand all these themes are seen to be active. Most migration was to South Australia and Victoria and their occupations show a large representation of miners and masons. The mining industry and the building industry feature frequently in their lives in Australia.
Those who came
| Ship | departure port | arrival date | arrival port | passenger, family name | passenger, first name | age | occupation | Hollow Database Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curler | London | 17 Aug 1833 | Hobart Town | Hollow | Richard | immigrant/passenger | 0 | |
| Glenalvon | London | 28/12/1838 | Adelaide | Hollow | William | Carpenter | ||
| Planter | London | 17/05/1839 | Adelaide | Hollow | Sarah | |||
| Planter | London | 17/05/1839 | Adelaide | Hollow | Sophia | |||
| Hooghly | London | 18/06/1839 | Adelaide | Hollow | Thomas | |||
| Dumphries | London | 13/10/1839 | Adelaide | Hollow | Thomas | |||
| Branken Moor | London | 04/04/1840 | Adelaide | Hollow | William | |||
| Cressy | London | 19 Aug 1847 | Adelaide | Hallow | Mary A | 89 | ||
| Lysander | Plymouth | 13/01/1849 | Melbourne | Hollow | Thomas | 35 | 1650 | |
| Marion | London/Plymouth | 10/02/1849 | Adelaide | Hollow | Thos Alfred | Child | ||
| Thetis | 15/02/1849 | Melbourne | Hollow | Mark | 53 | Farmer | 95 | |
| Thetis | 15/02/1849 | Melbourne | Hollow | Elizabeth | 40 | 96 | ||
| Thetis | 15/02/1849 | Melbourne | Hollow | Joseph | 17 | 97 | ||
| Thetis | 15/02/1849 | Melbourne | Hollow | Emily | 15 | 98 | ||
| Thetis | 15/02/1849 | Melbourne | Hollow | John | 13 | 99 | ||
| Thetis | 15/02/1849 | Melbourne | Hollow | Elizabeth | 10 | 100 | ||
| Thetis | 15/02/1849 | Melbourne | Hollow | Edwin | 4 | 101 | ||
| Navarino | London/Plymouth | 5 Nov 1849 | Adelaide | Hollow | Christopher | 1584 | ||
| Protector | 01/09/1853 | Melbourne | Hollow | William | 31 | Gentleman | ||
| Marco Polo | 01/05/1853 | Melbourne | Hollow | John | 22 | Miner | ||
| Olivia | Plymouth | 14/11/1853 | Adelaide | Hollow | Sarah | |||
| Hibernia | Liverpool | 21/02/1854 | Melbourne | Hollow | Joseph | 35 | miner | 36 |
| Mermaid | 01/07/1854 | Melbourne | Hollow | Robert | 21 | |||
| Nestor | Plymouth | 16/08/1854 | Portland | Hollow | Uriah | 37 | Mason | 948 |
| Nestor | Plymouth | 16/08/1854 | Portland | Hollow | Elizabeth | 34 | 949 | |
| Nestor | Plymouth | 16/08/1854 | Portland | Hollow | Joseph | 7 | 952 | |
| Nestor | Plymouth | 16/08/1854 | Portland | Hollow | Emma | 5 | 953 | |
| Isle of Thannet | Plymouth | 24/10/1854 | Adelaide | Hollow | Robert | 28 | Miner | 1599 |
| Isle of Thannet | Plymouth | 24/10/1854 | Adelaide | Hollow | Elizabeth | 27 | 1605 | |
| Fulwood | 01/12/1854 | Melbourne | Hollow | William | 21 | Mason | 67 | |
| Fulwood | 01/12/1854 | Melbourne | Hollow | Matthew | 33 | Mason | 61 | |
| Nile | Plymouth | 19/02/1855 | Adelaide | Hollow | Susanna | Child | ||
| Norman | Southampton | 07/03/1855 | Adelaide | Hollow | William | Carpenter | ||
| Norman | Southampton | 07/03/1855 | Adelaide | Hollow | Walter | Child | ||
| Sultana | Plymouth | 19/05/1855 | Sydney | Hollow | John | 19 | 82 | |
| Constance | London | 01/10/1855 | Melbourne | Hollow | William | 20 | Miner | |
| Duchess of Northumberland | Southampton | 29/02/1856 | Adelaide | Hollow | William | Miner | ||
| Duchess of Northumberland | Southampton | 29/02/1856 | Adelaide | Hollow | Wm | Child | ||
| True Briton | 01/08/1856 | Melbourne | Hollow | William | 50 | |||
| Zoboah | 01/09/1856 | Melbourne | Hollow | John | 28 | Mariner | ||
| Aliquis | Plymouth | 26 Aug 1856 | Adelaide | Hallow | William | 43 | Mason | 29 |
| Aliquis | Plymouth | 26 Aug 1856 | Adelaide | Hallow | Jane | 39 | 4765 | |
| Aliquis | Plymouth | 26 Aug 1856 | Adelaide | Hallow | Emily | 10 | 5414 | |
| Aliquis | Plymouth | 26 Aug 1856 | Adelaide | Hallow | Catherine | 8 | 4767 | |
| Gipsy Bride | Liverpool | 10/03/1857 | Melbourne | Hollow | Joseph | 11 | 39 | |
| North | Liverpool | 28/01/1859 | Adelaide | Hollow | Sarah | |||
| North | Liverpool | 28/01/1859 | Adelaide | Hollow | Susanna | Child | ||
| Wonga Wonga | Melbourne | 6 Sep 1860 | Sydney | Hollow | Henry | 25 | Fireman | 0 |
| Aldinga | Melbourne | 1862 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | Jos. | 29 | 0 | |
| Omeo | Melbourne | 1862 | N, NZ | Hallow | Thomas | A | 0 | |
| Aldinga | Melbourne | 1862 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | J. | 26 | 0 | |
| Aldinga | Melbourne | 1864 | N, NZ | Hollow | J | 31 | 0 | |
| Red Rose | London | 15/06/1864 | Melbourne | Hollow | Jane | 44 | Widow | 37 |
| Red Rose | London | 15/06/1864 | Melbourne | Hollow | Fanny | 20 | 40 | |
| Red Rose | London | 15/06/1864 | Melbourne | Hollow | Emily | 18 | 41 | |
| Red Rose | London | 15/06/1864 | Melbourne | Hollow | Elizabeth | 16 | 42 | |
| Red Rose | London | 15/06/1864 | Melbourne | Hollow | Charles | 14 | 43 | |
| Red Rose | London | 15/06/1864 | Melbourne | Hollow | Lucy | 12 | 45 | |
| Tornado | Liverpool | 21/06/1864 | Melbourne | Hollow | Joseph | 24 | Laborer | 84 |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | Samual | 37 | Miner | 90 |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | Esther | 31 | 244 | |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | Samual | 10 | 245 | |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | Mary E. | 8 | 246 | |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | Elizabeth | 5 | 248 | |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | Emily | 3 | 247 | |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | John | 2 | 249 | |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | Christina | 0.5 | 250 | |
| Tarquin | London/Plymouth | 04/12/1864 | Adelaide | Hollow | Thomas H. | 28 | Miner | 6265 |
| Lincoln | London/Plymouth | 03/12/1865 | Adelaide | Hollow | Samual | Labourer | ||
| Peeress | London | 9 Jul 1865 | Adelaide | Hallo | John | 32 | 6711 | |
| Peeress | London | 9 Jul 1865 | Adelaide | Hallo | Honor | 30 | 6718 | |
| Peeress | London | 9 Jul 1865 | Adelaide | Hallo | Anne | 9 | 6719 | |
| Peeress | London | 9 Jul 1865 | Adelaide | Hallo | Christiana | 8 | 6720 | |
| Peeress | London | 9 Jul 1865 | Adelaide | Hallo | Thomas | 2 | 6721 | |
| British Lion | London/Plymouth | 15/07/1866 | Adelaide | Hollow | Susan | |||
| British Lion | London/Plymouth | 15/07/1866 | Adelaide | Hollow | Wm | Child | ||
| Otago | Melbourne | 1867 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | E.D. | 24 | Miner | 0 |
| Montmorency | London | 24 Mar 1867 | Napier, N.Z. | Hollow | Jane | 19 | Servant | 8363 |
| Rangitoto | Melbourne | 1869 | Hokitika, NZ | Hollow | W. | 26 | Miner | 101 |
| Somersetshire | 01/02/1869 | Melbourne | Hollow | William | 34 | 176 | ||
| Rangitoto | Melbourne | 1870 | Otago, NZ | Hollow | Wm. | 25 | Miner | 0 |
| Hydaspies | 01/08/1870 | Melbourne | Hollow | George | 23 | 284 | ||
| Hydaspies | 01/08/1870 | Melbourne | Hollow | Mary Ann | 23 | 983 | ||
| Wonga Wonga | San Francisco | Nov 1871 | Sydney | Hollow | William | 0 | ||
| Wonga Wonga | San Francisco | Nov 1871 | Sydney | Hollow | Mrs | 0 | ||
| Wonga Wonga | San Francisco | Nov 1871 | Sydney | Hollow | child | 0 | ||
| You Yangs | Melbourne | 10 Dec 1871 | Sydney | Hollow | Joseph | 0 | ||
| Hero | Auckland | 19 Sep 1871 | Sydney | Hollow | Edward D | 0 | ||
| Queen of Nations | 01/06/1872 | Melbourne | Hollow | Alice A. | 25 | 984 | ||
| Queen of Nations | 01/06/1872 | Melbourne | Hollow | Alice R. | 1 | |||
| Sobraon | 01/12/1873 | Melbourne | Hollow | Emily | 22 | |||
| Forfarshire | 08/02/1874 | Adelaide | Hollow | Sarah J | ||||
| Dilharree | Plymouth | 11/3/1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | John | 17 | Farm Labourer | 6366 |
| Dilharree | Plymouth | 11/3/1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | William | 16 | Farm labourer | 6367 |
| Dilharree | Plymouth | 11/3/1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Thomas | 11 | 6369 | |
| La Hogue | London | 26/05/1874 | Wellington, NZ | Hollow | Edward | 23 | Printer | 4331 |
| La Hogue | London | 26/05/1874 | Wellington, NZ | Hollow | Lucy | 23 | 4352 | |
| La Hogue | London | 26/05/1874 | Wellington, NZ | Hollow | Norman | 7m | 8033 | |
| Jessie Readman | London | 26 Oct 1874 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | William | 47 | Farm Labourer | 4615 |
| Jessie Readman | London | 26 Oct 1874 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | Jane | 43 | 4616 | |
| Jessie Readman | London | 26 Oct 1874 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | William | 20 | Miner | 4617 |
| Jessie Readman | London | 26 Oct 1874 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | Mary E | 17 | Servant | 4618 |
| Jessie Readman | London | 26 Oct 1874 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | John | 15 | Miner | 4619 |
| Jessie Readman | London | 26 Oct 1874 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | James | 13 | 4622 | |
| Jessie Readman | London | 26 Oct 1874 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | Sarah | 10 | 4620 | |
| Jessie Readman | London | 26 Oct 1874 | Port Chalmers, NZ | Hollow | Jabez | 7 | 4621 | |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | John | 53 | Farm labourer | 6263 |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Mary | 37 | 6365 | |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | John | 17 | Trans to s/m | 6366 |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | William | 16 | Trans to s/m | 6367 |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Emma | 9 | 6370 | |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Ernest | 7 | 6371 | |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Angelina | 6 | 6372 | |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | James | 4 | 6373 | |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Herbert | 2 | 6374 | |
| Apelles | Greenoch | 5 May 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Philadelphia | 1 | 6456 | |
| Stonehouse | Plymouth | 27 Jun 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Joseph | 34 | Mason | 888 |
| Stonehouse | Plymouth | 27 Jun 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Emily | 26 | 889 | |
| Stonehouse | Plymouth | 27 Jun 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Frederick | 7 | 890 | |
| Stonehouse | Plymouth | 27 Jun 1874 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Ernest | 2 | 1693 | |
| Macgregor | San Francisco | 24 Sep 1874 | Sydney via Auckland | Hollow | Thomas | 26 | A.B. | 0 |
| Somersetshire | ??/01/1875 | Melbourne | Hollow | Samuel | 29 | 175 | ||
| Somersetshire | ??/01/1875 | Melbourne | Hollow | Jane | 29 | 279 | ||
| Somersetshire | ??/01/1875 | Melbourne | Hollow | Percy | 3 | 1654 | ||
| Somersetshire | ??/01/1875 | Melbourne | Hollow | Edgar | 1 | 280 | ||
| Caitloch | 30/05/1875 | Adelaide | Hollow | Thomas | Baker | |||
| White Rose | Plymouth | 21/7/1875 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | John | 21 | Miner | 0 |
| Merope | London | 24/09/1875 | Timaru, NZ | Hollow | Henry N | 26 | Joiner | 5263 |
| Merope | London | 24/09/1875 | Timaru, NZ | Hollow | Louisa J | 24 | 5264 | |
| Merope | London | 24/09/1875 | Timaru, NZ | Hollow | Louisa N | 3 | 7490 | |
| Merope | London | 24/09/1875 | Timaru, NZ | Hollow | Henry M | 8m | 7491 | |
| Waikato | London | 28/10/1875 | Lyttleton, NZ | Hollow | Mary Elizabeth | 18 | 219 | |
| City of Melbourne | Melbourne | 16 Dec 1875 | Sydney | Hollow | Jack | 0 | ||
| Hydaspies | 01/09/1876 | Adelaide | Hollow | Charles | 35 | Agricultural Laborer | 1718 | |
| Hydaspies | 01/09/1876 | Adelaide | Hollow | Mary J. | 31 | 1719 | ||
| Hydaspies | 01/09/1876 | Adelaide | Hollow | James | 11 | 1720 | ||
| Hydaspies | 01/09/1876 | Adelaide | Hollow | Priscilla | 7 | 1721 | ||
| Hydaspies | 01/09/1876 | Adelaide | Hollow | Mary E. | 4 | 1722 | ||
| Hydaspies | 01/09/1876 | Adelaide | Hollow | Catherine | 0.5 | 1723 | ||
| Trevalyan | 27/09/1876 | Adelaide | Hollow | William H | Carpenter | |||
| Trevelyan | 27/09/1876 | Adelaide | Hollow | Thos | Child | |||
| Lochee | 01/02/1877 | Adelaide | Hollow | James | Copper miner | 2139 | ||
| Lochee | 01/02/1877 | Adelaide | Hollow | Elizabeth | 2832 | |||
| Lochee | 01/02/1877 | Adelaide | Hollow | Francis | 1701 | |||
| Whampoa | 01/07/1877 | Melbourne | Hollow | John | 73 | 30 | ||
| Lusitania | 01/08/1877 | Melbourne | Hollow | George | 21 | |||
| Oaklands | 09/09/1877 | Adelaide | Hollow | Eliza | 43 | Charwoman | ||
| Oaklands | 09/09/1877 | Adelaide | Hollow | John | 16 | Mason | ||
| Oaklands | 09/09/1877 | Adelaide | Hollow | Wm | Child | |||
| Lusitania | 14/08/1878 | Adelaide | Hollow | George | 21 | Agricultural Laborer | ||
| Smyrna | Plymouth | 19/08/1878 | Sydney | Hollow | Richard | 24 | 1686 | |
| Smyrna | Plymouth | 19/08/1878 | Sydney | Hollow | Mary A. | 22 | 1687 | |
| Hawkesbury | Plymouth | 18/09/1878 | Sydney | Hollow | William | 24 | 1712 | |
| Hawkesbury | Plymouth | 18/09/1878 | Sydney | Hollow | Mary | 22 | 2152 | |
| Rodney | 02/12/1878 | Adelaide | Hollow | Thomas | Farmer | |||
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Arthur | 35 | Mason | 174 |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Mary F. | 34 | 275 | |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Fitzroy A. | 5 | 276 | |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Ethel G. | 2 | 277 | |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Ernest H. | 0.5 | inf. | 278 |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Henry | 42 | Mason | 172 |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Priscilla | 41 | 270 | |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Clara | 22 | Domestic servant | 271 |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Ellen | 18 | Domestic servant | 272 |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Henry | 16 | Mason | 273 |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Samual | 14 | Mason | 274 |
| Salisbury | Plymouth | 08/01/1879 | Adelaide | Hollow | Emma | 37 | Domestic servant | |
| Correa | Brisbane | 18 Nov 1879 | Sydney | Hollow | William | 0 | ||
| Tararua | Melbourne | 1881 | N, NZ | Hollow | Mr | 28 | 0 | |
| Waihora | Melbourne | 1883 | N, NZ | Hollow | T | 30 | 0 | |
| Arawata | Melbourne | 1884 | N, NZ | Hollow | Mrs | 36 | 0 | |
| Arawata | Melbourne | 1884 | N, NZ | Hollow | Miss | 3 | 0 | |
| Arawata | Melbourne | 1884 | N, NZ | Hollow | Master | 1 | 0 | |
| Waihora | Melbourne | 1885 | N, NZ | Hollow | Mr | 35 | 0 | |
| Oriana | London | 16/07/1886 | Fremantle | Hollow | James | 19 | Farm Laborer | 910 |
| 5 Nov 1888 | Hobart Town | Hollow | John | Licencees Georg | 0 | |||
| Manapouri | Melbourne | 1891 | N, NZ | Hollow | Mrs | 42 | 0 | |
| Persic | Melbourne | 1901 | B, NZ | Hollow | T | 33 | 0 | |
| Suevic | Melbourne | 1902 | B, NZ | Hollow | J | 40 | Doctor | 0 |
| Victoria | Melbourne | 1904 | N, NZ | Hollow | 39 | 0 | ||
| Omrah | Melbourne | 1906 | B, NZ | Hollow | James | 60 | 0 | |
| Roon | Melbourne | 1908 | F, NZ | Hallow | Mr | 35 | 0 | |
| Roon | Melbourne | 1908 | F, NZ | Hallow | Mrs | 33 | 0 | |
| Roon | Melbourne | 1908 | F, NZ | Hallow | Master | 9 | 0 | |
| Mauka | Melbourne | 1909 | N, NZ | Hollow | Mr H | 40 | 0 | |
| Themistocles | Melbourne | 1912 | B, NZ | Hollow | William | 23 | 0 | |
| Ulimaroa | Melbourne | 1913 | N, NZ | Hollow | Miss | 18 | 0 | |
| Ulimaroa | Melbourne | 1914 | N, NZ | Hallow | Mr | 38 | 0 | |
| Ulimaroa | Melbourne | 1914 | N, NZ | Hallow | Mrs | 35 | 0 |
Data provided by Colin Hollow and Walter Hollow.
Copyright 2009 Colin Hollow
Last Modified : 9 August 2009