Early Medieval Manuscripts
Containing References to the Lords and People
Of Nithsdale in Dumfriesshire
~~ Part I ~~
[1] Dunegal of Strathnith
A.D. 1124: Charter by King David to Robert de Bruce
David Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, omnibus baronibus suis et hominibus et amicis Francis et Anglis salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Roberto de Brus Estrahanent et totam terram a divisa Dunegal de Stranit usque ad divisam Randulfi Meschin; et volo et concedo ut illam terram et suum castellum bene et honorifice cum omnibus consuetudinibus suis teneat et habeat, videlicet cum omnibus illis consuetudinibus quas Randulfus Meschin unquam habuit in Carduill et in terra sua de Cumberland, illo die in quo unquam meliores et liberiores habuit. Testibus Eustachio filio Johannis et Hugone de Morvilla et Alano de [Perci] et Willelmo de Sumervilla et Berengario Engaine et Randulfo de Sules et Willelmo de Morvilla et Henrico filio Warini et Edmundo Camerario. Apud Sconan.
[Lawrie, Sir Archibald C.: Early Scottish Charters Prior to 1153 (1905), p. 48-49, no. liv]
Translation
David, by the grace of God King of Scots, to all his barons, men and friends, French and English, greeting. Know ye that I have given and granted to Robert de Brus Estrahanent [i.e., Annandale] and all the land from the boundary of Dunegal of Stranit [Nithsdale] to the boundary Randolph Meschin; and I will and grant that he should hold and have that land and its castle well and honourably with all its customs, namely with all those customs which Randolph Meschin ever had in Carduill [Carlisle] and in his land of Cumberland on that day in which he had them most fully and freely. Witnesses: Eustace Fitzjohn, Hugh de Morville, Alan de Perci, William de Somerville, Berengar Engaine, Randolph de Sules, William de Morville, Hervi son of Warin and Edmund the chamberlain. At Scone.
[Donaldson, Gordon: Scottish Historical Documents (1970), p. 19]
Comment
Original in the Archives of the Duchy of Lancaster. Facsimiles in Nat. MSS Scot I, no. XIX. Printed in Acts Parliament, Scotland, vol. 1, p. 92. Earl David succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Alexander I, 23 April 1124. Henry I of England is known to have deprived Randolph Meschin of Carlisle and Cumberland in or shortly after 1120, when he succeeded to the earldom of Chester. Yet, the wording of this charter suggests Randolph was not only still in tenure of Carlisle, but also that Brus had been granted Annandale before King David’s accession to the throne. This charter contains the earliest known reference to Nithsdale, spelt Strathnith in medieval times. The boundary between the lordships of Strathnith and Annandale appears to have been demarcated by the Deil’s Dyke near the junction of the parishes of Cummertrees and Ruthwell.
[2] Radulf son of Dunegal and Duvenald his brother
A.D. 1136: Charter by King David to the Church of St. Kentigern at Glasgow
[Abstract] David, king of Scots, grants to the church of St. Kentigern of Glasgow part of Partick, which Ascelin archdeacon of Glasgow held of the king, by the marches by which Ailsi and Tocca held the land when it was in the king’s demesne. In future the archdeacon is to pay the church the rent he used to pay to the king, namely one merk of silver yearly for the rest of his life. When the archdeacon dies the land shall remain in the service of the church. Witnessed by ‘Herberto Abbate de Rochesburc, Willelmo cancellario, Willelmo filio Dunecan, Malis Comite, Dunecano Comite, Fergus de Galweia, Aad cum barba, Malduueni mac murdac, Malodeni de Scona, Malodeni marescal, Radulfo filio Dunegal, Duunenald fratre ejus, Uchtred filio Fergus, Hugone Britone, Herberto camerario, Gileberto fimboga, Gileberto de Striuelin, Dufoter de Calateria. Apud Glasgu’.
[Lawrie, Sir Archibald C.: Early Scottish Charters Prior to 1153 (1905), p. 85, no. civ]
Comment
Original produced in the Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, p. 9, no. 3. It is stated in a charter by Bishop Herbert that King David granted part of Partick on the day of dedication of Glasgow Cathedral; and as it is probable that this charter is that referred to, which has been commonly dated to July 1136, the month in which the Cathedral was dedicated. This charter contains the earliest reference to Radulf son of Dunegal of Strathnith, Duvenald his brother, and Fergus of Galloway.
[3] Radulf son of Dunegal and Duvenald his brother
A.D. 1136-41: Charter by King David to the Church of St. Kentigern at Glasgow
[Abstract] David, king of Scots, to his barons, officers, and all his liegemen of his whole kingdom, as well his Galloway men as English and Scotsmen. It announces that he has granted to God and to the church of St. Kentigern of Glasgow, in perpetual alms, the tenth part of his cain in cattle and pigs due to him annually from Strathgryfe, Cunningham, Kyle and Carrick (all districts in Renfrewshire and Ayrshire), in each year except when the King himself stays in those districts and consumes his cain. Witnessed by Willelmo Cumin cancellario, Hugone de Moreuilla, Fergus de Galweia, Hugone Britone, Waltero filio Alani, Alwino Mac Archil, Radulfo filio Dunegal, Dunenald fratre suo. Apud Cadihou’.
[Lawrie, Sir Archibald C.: Early Scottish Charters Prior to 1153 (1905), p. 95, no. cxxv]
Comment
Original produced in the Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, p. 12, no. 9. Given the similarity of phraseology and listing of witnesses, it has been suggested by Prof. Barrow that this charter was issued at a date close to no. 2. Walter son of Alan doesn’t appear to have entered the king’s service as steward before 1136, whilst William Cumin remained chancellor until 1141. Cadzow is near Hamilton in Lanarkshire.
[4] Radulf son of Dunegal and Duvenald his brother
A.D. 1136-41: Charter by King David to the Church of St. Kentigern at Glasgow
[Abstract] David, king of Scots, to the king’s justices, sheriffs, barons, and all his officers of Cumberland, and announces that he has granted to the church of St. Kentigern of Glasgow, the eighth penny of all his pleas throughout Cumbria, both in money and cattle, and he orders that the church may enjoy this share as freely as any ‘elemosina’ can be given and held. Witnessed by ‘Willelmo Cumin cancellario, Fergus de Galweia, Hugone Britone, Waltero filio Alani, Radulfo filio Dunegal, Duuenald fratre suo, Alwino Mac Archil. Apud Cadihou’.
[Lawrie, Sir Archibald C.: Early Scottish Charters Prior to 1153 (1905), p. 96, no. cxxvi]
Comment
Original produced in the Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, p. 12, no. 10. This charter was almost certainly granted the same day as no. 3, at Cadzow in Lanarkshire.
[5] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1138-39: Charter by King David to the Monastery of Wetheral in Cumberland
David Rex Scotiae, Comitibus, justiciariis, baronibus, vicecomitibus, ministris, omnibus probis hominibus suis totius Cumberlandiae, Francis et Anglis et Cumbrensibus, salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in elemosinam Deo et Sancta Marie de Wederhal et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus unam marcam argenti per annum de redditu molendini mei de Scotebi. Volo itaque et firmiter ministris meis praecipio quatinus marcam istam dictis monachis sine disturbatione habere faciant ad terminos de firma molendini statutos. Praecipio etiam ut habeant decimam ville de Scotebi. sicut ab antiquo data eis fuit, ita ne aliquis eis illam injuste detineat. Testibus Eustachio filio Johannis, Hugone de Morevill, Radulfo [blank], Herberto camerario, Jordano clerico. Apud Carliolum [Carlisle].
[Lawrie, Sir Archibald C.: Early Scottish Charters Prior to 1153 (1905), p. 95, no. cxxiii]
Comment
From Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. III, p. 584, taken from the original in the Charter Chest of St. Mary’s at York. Addressed to King David’s earls, justiciars, and all his liegemen of Cumberland, French and English and Cumbrians, and announces that he has granted to the monks of St. Mary’s at Wetheral Priory one mark of silver annually from the rent of his mill of Scotby. His officers are commanded to let the monks have this mark without trouble at the terms appointed for receiving the rent of the mill. He commands also that the monks have the tithe of Scotby as it had been given to them in earlier times. The mill of Scotby lies between Carlisle and Wetheral and was held by Uchtred son of Liulf under the king of Scots. Prof. Barrow suggests the second part of Radulf’s name should read ‘filio Dunegal’.
[6] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1147-50: Charter by Kind David to the Abbey of Jedburgh in Roxburghshire
[Abstract] King David, prompted by Heaven, for the weal of his soul and for the souls of Henry his son and of his ancestors and successors, announces he has founded a monastery at Jedworth, and has established canons regular there, with the advice and assent of John late Bishop, and of his other bishops, earls, and barons and religious men. He grants to this house the minster with everything belonging to it, namely: the teinds of the touns of the whole parish, the two Jedworths, Lanton, Nisbet (in Crailing) and Crailing belonging to Sheriff Cospatric with the chapel given by him and one and half ploughgates of arable and three acres with two tofts; the teinds of the other Crailing belonging to Orm son of Eilaf: the chapel of Scraesburgh (in Oxnam) founded on the Water of Jed in a clearing in the wood opposite Mervinslaw; the teind of the king’s venison in Teviotdale: all the renders due to the said minster, and in addition, these touns, namely, Ulston, Alneclive, Cromseth and Raperlaw; one toft in Roxburgh; one toft and a fishery in Berwick upon Tweed; Long Edwardly; pasture and timber in the king’s wood, except for Quikege; the multure of the mill from all the men of Jedworth where the castle is;: and a saltpan beside Stirling. Witnessed by ‘Henricus filius meus, Herbertus Glasguensis episcopus, Robertus episcopus de Sancto Andrea, Gillebertus episcopus Dunkeldensis, Andreas episcopus Catanensis, Arnold abbas Calc., Gaufridus abbas de Dumfermlin, Albyn abbas de Sancta Cruce, Comes Duneth, Hugo de Morvilla [constabularies], Radulph filius Dugall et multi alii’.
[Lawrie, Sir Archibald C.: Early Scottish Charters Prior to 1153 (1905), p. 151 no. clxxxix]
Comment
Original in the National Library of Scotland, MS. Adv. 34.3.11. See also RMS, I, no. 92. It is known, Bethoc lady of Rule in Roxburgh, wife of Radulf son of Dunegal, was a benefactress of Jedburgh.
[7] Radulf son of Dunegal and Duvenald his brother
A.D. 1150: Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews to Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow
[Abstract] Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, states that he has granted “et per libram saisisse” the church of Lohworuora to Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow, “sicut de possessione Glasguensis”. The King and his Henry were present and assented to the grant. The Bishop reserved to the church of St. Andrews all Episcopal rights in the church of Lohworuora as in other churches in Lothian. Witnessed by ‘Gregorio Dunchelden episcopo, Andrea Chatan eciscopo, Gaufrido abate de Dunfermelin, Ernaldo abate de Calceho, Alfwino abate de Sancta Cruce, Willelmo abate de Striuelin, Roberto priore de Sancto Andreae, Osberto priore de Sancta Cruce, Thoma priore de Scone, Thor archidiacono, Ascelino archidiacono, Eyolfo decano, Waltero cancellario Regis, Ingelleran cancellario comitis, Magistro Laurentio, Jordane Heyrun, Waltero capellano de Lillesclive, Nicholao clerico, Thoma de Linnithuc, Dunecan comite, Hugone de Moreuilla, Willelmo de Sumervilla, Cospatrico filio Waltheof, Waltero de Lindeseai, Willelmo fratre ejus, Bernardo de Boilond, Willelmo de Vesci, Odenel de Unfranuilla, Waltero de Bolebech, Alfwino Rennere, Eadwardo constabulario, Thor filio Suein, Willelmo de Graham, Arturo Finboga, Rogero nepote episcopi Sancti Andreae, Uhtred filio Fergus, Radulfo filio Dunegal, Duuenald fratre ejus, Baldewino flam., Hug. Filio Fresechin’.
[Lawrie, Sir Archibald C.: Early Scottish Charters Prior to 1153 (1905), p. 185, no. ccxxx]
Comment
Original produced in the Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, p. 13, no. 11. Lawrie questions the authenticity of this charter, as the church of Lohworuora, or Locherwort, belonged to the monastery of Scone.
[8] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1153-60: Charter by King Malcolm IV to the Hospital of St. Andrews
[Abstract] Malcolm, king of Scots confirms to the Hospital of St. Andrews one carucate in Kedlock (Fife) granted to it by Simon, son of Michael, and his heirs, to be held by the marches perambulated by Simon and those with him, and granted at Dunfermline in Fife. Witnessed by ‘Gregorio episcopo Duncheldensi, Andrea episcopo Cathernensi, Matheo archidiacono, G. Comite, Ferch’ comite, Dunecano comite, Radulfo filio Dunegal, Merleswein, apud Dunferlin'.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots 1153-1165, p. 198, no. 138]
Comment
Original in the St. Andrews Priory Cartulary folio 93. This charter was almost certainly granted sometime between 1153, the year Malcolm ascended the throne of Scotland and November 1160, when he is thought to have granted the following charter to Cathedral of St. Andrews in Fife.
[9] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1160-61: Charter by Malcolm IV to the Cathedral of St. Andrews
[Abstract] Malcolm, king of Scots, confirms in general all the churches, lands, possessions and liberties of St. Andrews (Cathedral) Priory, and in particular the grants made to it by his grandfather, King David, his father Earl Henry, himself, and Bishop Robert. Witnessed by ‘Gregorio episcopo de Dunkeld, Andrea episcopo de Cathern, Galfrido abate Dunf’, Matheo archidiacono, Comite Cospatricio, Hugone de Moreuill et filio eius Ricardo, Gilleberto de Umframuill, Waltero filio Alani, Hererto camerario, Merleswano, Nes filio Willelmi, Dauid Olifard, Roberto de Brus, Radulfo filio Dunegal [sic. Dunecani], Philippo de Coleuilla, Ricardo Cumin, Thomas de Lund’, Rogerio de Theruieth, Waltero clerico, Ricardo de Hospitali Ierosolimitano, Roberto fratre de Templo. Anno ab incarnatione domini m’, c’, lx’ apud Sanctrum Andream'.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots 1153-1165, p. 218, no. 174]
Comment
Original in the St. Andrews Priory Cartulary folio 94-95. Granted at St. Andrew possibly on 20th November 1160, when King Malcolm was at St. Andrews in Fife for the consecration of Bishop Arnold.
[10] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1160-65: Charter by Radulf son of Dunegal to the Hospital of St. Peter of York
[Transcription] R[adulph] son of Dunegal, grants them of his heritage in Dumfries (sic. Dronfres) 2 bovates free of all custom and service. Witnesses: Gilchrist son of Brunn, and Gilendonrut Bretnach, Gilcomgal MacGilblann, and Udard son of Uttu, and Waldeve son of Gilchrist, and many others. Dumfries.
[Bain, Joseph: Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland 1272-1307, Vol. II, p. 421]
Comment
Extracted from a Roll of early grants by Scottish Kings and nobles, to the Hospital of St. Peter of York. Gilchrist son of Brunn might have been the father of Waldef, who later appears as Dean of Dumfries. Alfred Truckell has suggested Gilchrist and Waldef might represent a hereditary priesthood like that of Northumbria where Ailred’s father and grandfather, both named Eilaf, were hereditary priest of Hexham. The full Latin text is given below, and is printed in Edgar’s History of Dumfries.
[Transcription] R[anulfus] filius Dunegal omnibus fidelibus sancte matris ecclesie filiis, salutem. Sciatis me dedisse Deo et pauperibus hospitalis Sancti Petri Eboraci partem terre de hereditate mea in Drumfres in perpetua elemosina, scilicet terram duorum boum liberam et quietaam ab omni consuetudine et servicio. Habitatores etiam istius terre sub mea firma pace et protectione suscipio. Testibus his, Gilchristo filio Eruini et Gilcudbricht Brecnach, Gilcomgal MacGilblann et Uduardo filio Vita et Waldevo filio Gilchristi et multis aliis apud Drumfres. Vatete.
[Edgar, Robert: An Introduction to The History of Dumfries (edited with an Introduction and Extensive Annotations by R. C. Reid), 1915, appendix A, no. 1, p. 217]
Comment
Transcribed from Charter Rolls, 35 Edward I m. 8 and Cal. of Charter Rolls iii, p. 90-1. In the annotations by R. C. Reid, he notes the name “Eruini”, and states ‘perhaps we have in this witness the originator of the Irving Clan. Apart from tradition, Robert de Hirewine in 1226 is the first previously recorded (Book of Irvinings, p. 7)’ In Bain’s translation, this name is given as “Brunn”.
[11] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1161-62:Charter by Malcolm IV to the Abbey of Jedburgh
[Abstract] Malcolm, king of Scots, confirms to Jedburgh Abbey the church of St. Peter of Restenneth in Fife, together with all its churches, lands, possessions and liberties, which his precedecessors granted to that church; and provides that Abbot Osbert of Jedburgh shall place a prior and convent in Restenneth according to its capacity. Witnessed by ‘Aernaldo Episcop Sancti Andree, Willelmo Episcopo Moreu’, Herberto Glasguense Episcopo, Gaufrido Abbate de Dunifermelin, Willelmo Abbate de Melros, Johanne Abbate de Kalchou, Willelmo Abbate de Eden’b’, Aluredo Abbate de Striuelin, Willelmo & Dauid fratribus meis, Ada Comitissa matre nostra, Waltero Cancellario, Engelramo Archidiacono, Nicholas camerario, Waltero Dapifero, Ricardo Conestabulario, Gilberto de Vnframuilla, Dauid Olifard, Hugone Ridel, Ricardo Cumin, Philippo de Coleuilla, Radulfo filius Dunegal. Apud Rochesburg’.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots 1153-1165, p. 231, no. 195]
Comment
Printed copy in History of the Carnegies, earls of Southesk, vol. II, p. 475-6.
[12] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1161-74: Bond between the abbeys of Holm Cutlram and Dundrennan
[Transcription] Agreement between the abbeys of Holm and Dundraynan. The latter made claim on Kyrkewinni, held by the former from Huctred f. Fergus. It is agreed that Holm shall not acquire more land or build more houses or sheepcotes on the western side of the Nid [river Nith]. But on the eastern side, on land that belonged to Radulph f. Duvenald, neither house shall acquire more without the consent of the other. Dundraynan shall have power to increase on the west side of the river, outside the land of the grange of Holm. The flocks of Holm are not to go into the adjacent pastures so far that they cannot return at night to their own grange, until Dundraynan has got land for a grange, to enclose these pastures and prevent intrusion by the flocks of Holm. The pigs of Kirkewinni can go into the woods of Huctred between the grange and the Nid, but in time of pannage the pigs of both abbeys shall get pannage outside the aforesaid wood.
[Grainger & Collingwood: The Register and Records of Holm Cultram; Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, Vol. VII, p. 52, no. 133]
Comment
The land of Radulf son of Dunegal, spelt Duvenald, is mentioned in the following Papal Bull granted by Pope Alexander III. As Uctred son of Fergus appears to be still alive the date must be between 1161-74.
[13] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1161-74: Papal Bull by Pope Alexander III to the Abbey of Holm Cultram
[Transcription] Pope Alexander to Everard, abbot, and the brothers of the monastery of Holm grants his sanction to their holding the island of Holm, granted by king Henry (II), and Kirkewinni, held in fee farm from Uctred f. Fergus, and the saltwork, pasture, etc there, and the lands of Colnehath and Karlaveroc granted by Radulph f. Donegal and confirmed by King Malcolm.
[Grainger & Collingwood: The Register and Records of Holm Cultram; Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, Vol. VII, p. 52, no. 133a]
Comment
The original grant to Holm Cultram of the lands of Conheath and Carlaverock, confirmed by King Malcolm IV, must have been made between 1161 and 1174, when Uctred died. Alexander III was pope between 1159-81.
[14] Radulf son of Dunegal and Duvenald his brother
A.D. 1161-64: Charter by King Malcolm IV to the Lords of Galloway and Nithsdale
[Abstract] Malcolm, king of Scots, informs Uchtred son of Fergus and his brother Gilbert and Radulf son of Dunegal and Duvenald his brother and all his good men of Galloway and Clydesdale that he has given his firm peace to the men going to Galloway to lodge or dwell in the land of Dunrod. He confirms to the charter charters by which Fergus and his son Uchtred granted and confirmed this land to Holyrood Abbey. Also, no one is to disturb anyone travelling towards or staying in this land for the purposes mentioned and that no one is to remain in the land against the will of the canons of Holyrood, on pain of the king’s forfeiture of ten pounds. Witnessed by ‘Aluredo Abbate de Striuelin, Roberto Priore de Mai, Engelramo cancellario, Waltero filio Alani dapifero, Johanne de Vallibus. Apud Clacmanant’.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots 1153-1165, p. 253, no. 230]
Comment
Original reproduced in the Liber Cartarum Sancte Crucis de Ediwinesburg, p. 21, no. 26.
[15] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. 1163-65: Charter by King Malcolm IV to the Priory of St. Mary & St. James of the Island
[Abstract] Malcolm, king of Scots, confirms to the Priory of St. Marie and St. James of the island beside Renfrew Castle (afterwards Paisley Abbey) the whole of the said island with the fishing between it and Partick, the church of Paisley with two carucates of land, the carcute held by Walter the chaplain in Hassendean (Roxburghshire), the church of Innerwick (E. Lothian), and five merks of silver from the mill of Innerwick, all as granted by Walter son of Alan (the king’s steward). Witnessed by ‘Gergorio episcopo de Dunkeld, Comite Duncano, Comite Feret de [Strathearn], Gillebrid comite de Angus, Malcolmo comite de Atheld, Ada comitissa, Willelmo de Veteri Ponte, Gileberto de Umfrauill, Roberto Auenell, Gilberto filio Fergusii, Radulfo filio Dunegal, apud Castellum Puellarum’.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots 1153-1165, p. 270, no. 254]
Comment
Original in the National Library, MS. Adv. 34.4.14, folio clii.
[16] Radulf son of Dunegal
A. D. 1165: Charter by King Malcolm IV to the church of St. Kentigern at Glasgow
[Abstract] Malcolm, king of Scots, grants to the Cathedral Church of Glasgow and to Bishop Ingram and his successors the land of Kinclaith (sic Cunclud), so that the king and his father, Earl Henry, and his grandfather, King David I, may obtain remission and absolution from the church of Glasgow in respect of all the transgressions committed by them against the church and its bishops and servants, if they have transgressed against them in any particular; and specially on account of the lands which King Malcolm granted to his barons and knights until the day when he took the staff of a pilgrim to Saint James (of Compostella), from which lands the church of Glasgow had been accustomed to receive rents and cain. Witnessed by ‘Willelmo fratre Regis idem concedente, Ricardo episcopo Sancti Andree, Johanne abbate de Kelcho, Nicholao cancellario, Waltero filio Alani dapifero, Ricardo de Moruill constabulario, Hugone Ridel, Radulfo filio Dunegal, Uhtred filio Fergus, Henrico Luuel, Dauid Ouiet. Apud Jeddewrth’.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of Malcolm IV, King of Scots 1153-1165, p. 276, no. 265]
Comment
Original produced in the Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, p. 16, no. 15. Granted at Jedburgh sometime between March and December 1165.
[17] Radulf son of Dunegal and Bethoc his wife
A.D. 1165-70: Confirmation by King William to the Abbey of Jedburgh
[Abstract] 'King William Dei gratia Rex Scott, Episcopis, Abbatibus, Prioribus, Comitibus, Baronibus, Justiciis, Vicecomitibus, Ceterisque hominibus totius terre sue, Francis, Anglis, Scottis, Cunctisque Sancte Dei Ecclesie filiis, Salutem. Ex suscepto regimine Regni incumbit nobis Ecclesiam et Ecclesiasticas diligere personas et non solum de nostris eis benefacere sed & Beneficia ab aliis Dei fidelibus eis collata ~ auctoritate Regia confirmare et cum sua eis integritrate conseruare. Inde est quod nos consilio proborum hominum nostrorum ~ Possessiones et bona que a Predecessoribus nostris et ab aliis Regni nostri principibus et fedelibus Deo et Ecclesie Sancte MARIE de Jeddew et Canonicis ibidem Deo seruientibus collata sunt presenti eis Priuilegio confirmamus' - After the name of the benefactor is given, followed by the benefaction, there follows a long list of properties and privileges confirmed to Jedburgh Abbey including – Ex dono Radulfo filii Dunegal et uxoris eius Bethoc unam carrucatam terre in Rughechestre et communem eiusdem ville pasturam. Charter is witnessed by Richard Episcopus de Sancto Andrea, Engelramus Episcopus of Glasgu, Johannes Abbas de Calceo, Euerardus Abbas de Holcutr’, Nicholaus Cancellarius, Matheus archidiaconus de Sancto Andrea, Richardus capellanus, Walterus filius Alani, Ricardus de Moreuill, Philippus de Valoniis, Robertus Auenel, Bernardus filius Brien, Gillebertus filius Richerii, Dauid Quieth. Apud Pebles.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of William I, King of Scots 1165-1214, p. 163-165, no. 62]
Comment
Original in the private archives of the Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry at Drumlanrig Castle in Dumfriesshire. This charter records a donation made by Radulf and his wife Bethoc of the one ploughgate of land in Rughechester, Roxburghshire, with common pasture of the toun, granted at the establishment of Jedburgh Abbey in 1147. The lands of Bethocrule (now called Bedrule), i.e. the lands on the river Rule of Bethoc, and Rughechester (now called Ruecastle), were Bethoc’s rather than Radulf’s and it seems that Radulf was Bethoc’s second husband. Her first husband, Uchtred of Tynedale, a native Northumbria, was the father of Hextilda, wife of Richard Comyn, founder of the Comyn dynasty. Hextilda’s mother, Bethoc, is said to have been the daughter of Donald Bane, King of Scots, who died in 1097. There is no evidence to suggest Radulf inherited the lands of Bethoc, who predeceased him, rather her lands passed to Richard Comyn, Hexitilda’s husband and grandfather of another Richard Comyn, believed to have married Affrica, daughter of Lord Edgar of Nithsdale.
[18] Andrew de Dumfries
A.D. c.1170: Charter by Uchtred son of Fergus to Richard son of Troite
[Transcript] Charter by Uchred son of Fergus addressed to all his men and friends, French, English and Galwegian, granting with consent of Roland his son and heir to Richard son of Troite and his heirs the whole land of Lochenelo to be held in fee and heritage for the service of one knight, and as long as I [have to] render the payment of chaan de Cro and of Desense Joan he shall give me yearly for his free service and customary dues to the king of Scotland, to me and my heirs; and when I shall be free and quit from the payment of (de) chaan he shall hold freely the aforesaid lands by the service of one knight. Witnessedby Christian the bishop, Robert his archdeacon, Gilbert the chaplain, John his nephew, Thomas the clerk of Torpenhow, Robert the sheriff’s clerk, Robert son of Troite, Bernard le Fleming, William and Nicholis, his nephews, Adam nephew of Robert son of Troite, Robert son of Sungeva, Ralf clerk of Carlisle, David son of Terrus (lord of Anwoth), Norman the hostage, Nicholas son of David, Augustine his brother, Ivo de Stoches, William son of Reinbold, Herbert son of Hugh the Marshall, William de Cantelu, Andrew de Dumfries, Henry son of Hodard, William the clerk of Lochmaben, Simon brother of Richard the Marshall, Gillecatfar,
[Reid, R. C.: Wigtownshire Charters, Scottish Historical Society (1960), p. xix-xx]
Comment
Original in Cumbria Record Office, D/Lonsd./L5/1/S1. The above transcript is copied from the transcript given by R. C. Reid, who extracted his from the translation of the Latin text given by the Rev. Frederick Ragg in his article Five Strathclyde and Galloway Charters in the Transactions of Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society. In his footnote on this charter, R. C. Reid remarks on that Mr. Ragg in his reproduction of the original made one misreading, which Prof. Barrow corrects by pointing out that this passage is not chaan del cro et de Defense joan (which does not make sense), but should be rended as chaan de Cro and of Desense Joan.
Dr. D. C. McWhannell examined the original charter in the Cumbria Record Office and details the full list of witnesses in the Quarterly Journal of the Scottish Genealogy Society (Vol. XLV, No. 1, p. 1-2), which includes three names missing from the copy given by R. C. Reid in 1960. In his article, Dr. McWhannell comments that Reid’s ‘transcript also omitted some of the text of the original document’ and notes a ‘detailed examination of the text, lettering and contractions used and the penmanship of the scribe has revealed that the names previously given as “Gilchohel” and “Macherne” might more accurately be read as “Gilleconel” and “Oconactierne”. In these forms, he suggests “Gill Chonaill” and “O Coneachthighearna” respectively could mean, the “devotee of Conall” and “the descendant of the hound of the horse lord”. The list below is a transcription of the Latin witness list in Ragg’s original article, which highlights the names missing in Reid’s.
'His Testibus, Christiano episcopo, Roberto archidiacono suo, Gilleberto capellano, Johanne nepote suo, Thoma clerico de Torpenneu, Roberto clerico vicecomitis Roberto filio Tructe, Bernardo Flandrensi, Willo et Nicholao nepotibus suis, Ada nepote Roberti filii Tructe, Roberto filio Sungeve, Radulpho clerico de Carliol, David filio Teri, Normanno obside, Nicholao filio David, Agustino fratre suo, Hivone de Stoches, Willo filio Renboldi, Herberto filio Hugonis maraschaldi, Willo de Cantelu, Andrea de Dunfrees, Henrico filio Hodardi, Willo clerico de Louchamaban, Simone fratre Ricardi Marchaldi, Gille Catphara*, Gilleberto filio suo, Gillmore Albanac, Gille Cohel, Macherne cum multis aliis'.
[Ragg, Rev. Frederick: Five Strathclyde and Galloway Charters, article in the Transactions of Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society, 3rd series, vol. V, p. 49]
*Gillecatfar was the foster brother of Uchtred.
[19] Hugh Sine Manica de Morton
A.D. 1173-77: Charter by King William to the Abbey of Kelso
W[illiam] Dei gratia Rex Scott’, uniuersis sancta matris ecclesie filiis salutem. Sciant tam presentes quam posteri me concessisse et hac carta mea confirmasse ecclesie Sancte Marie de Kelch’ et monachis ibidem Deo seruientibus in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam donacionem ecclesie de Mortune in Strahnith quam Hugo sine manicis in presencia mea eis fecit cum una carrucata terre et cum omnibus iustis pertinenciis suis. Volo itaque ut predicti monachi prenominatam ecclesiam habeant et possideant ita libere quiete et plenary sicut aliquam ecclesiam liberius quiecius et plenarius possident. Testibus Waltero de Bidun Cancellario, Waltero filio Alani dapifero, Henrico Luuel, Patricio filio Comitis Cospatrici, apud Jedd’.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of William I, King of Scots 1165-1214, p. 241, no. 183]
Comment
Original produced in the Liber S. Marie de Calchou 1113-1567 by the Bannatyne Club, Vol I, p. 313, no. 403. Narrates a confirmation to Kelso Abbey the church of Morton in Nithsdale granted, in the king’s presence, by Hugh Sansmanche (Sine Manicis), together with the one ploughgate of land. Granted at Jedburgh. Hugh and his brother Goffrey witnessed a charter of Alexander Musard and his heir in favour of Easby Abbey, c.1152-62. Hugh appears to have been a tenant on the Honour of Richmond in Count Conan’s time and later, must have been taken prisoner while fighting for the king of Scots in the war of 1173-4, for in 1175 land in the Honour paid £5 towards his ransom, and £5 was also paid for his forfeited chattels. Hugh seems to have acquired an interest in Morton, perhaps through his marriage to a daughter of Radulf son of Dunegal, and Morton formed her marriage portion.
[20] Charter by King William granted at Dumfries
A.D. 1175-77: Act by King William to his Juctices, Sheriffs etc.
[Abstract] William, king of Scots, commands his justices, sheriffs and other officers to render to Bishop Jocelin of Glasgow all his dues, whether in teinds, cains, pleas and profits or any othe dues, as they were accustomed to render them to the previous bishops. Witnessed by ‘Ricardo de Moreuilla constablulario, Waltero filio Alani dapifero, Waltero Olifard, Roberto de Quinci, Willelmo de Veteri Ponte. Apud DunfreZ’.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of William I, King of Scots 1165-1214, p. 245, no. 189]
Comment
Original produced in the Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, no. 71. Prof. Barrow suggests that this Act would have been issued at Dumfriess soon after Bishop Jocelin’s succession and probably belongs to the period when the King was trying to suppress unrest in Galloway, either in 1175 or 1176.
[21] Parishes of Glenkarn and Strathnith
April 19, 1179: Pope Alexander III to the venerable Jocelyn, bishop of Glasgow
Pope Alexander III confirms in general to Jocelyn, bishop of Glasgow, his churches, land and privileges, and names a long list of churches with all their chapels and other rightful pertinents in his diocese. He also makes a general confirmation of the parishes in ‘Theuidale, Tuedale, Cludesdale, Eschedale, Ewichdale, Lidelesdale, Driuesdale, Annadsedale, Leuenaches, Stratgrif, Meornes, Largas, Kunigham, Kiil, Karrich, Glenkarn, Stratnud, Desnes et quicquid tui iuris est in Galweia Decimam et de cain Regis de Kil and Karrich’. Dated at Lateran.
[Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, p. 42, no. 51]
[22] Reference to the ancient fortification of Dumfries
A.D. 1179-85: Charter by King William to the Cathedral Church of Glasgow
[Abstract] William, king of Scots, grants to the Cathedral Church of Glasgow and Bishop Jocelin that toft at Dumfries which is between the ancient fortification and the (parish) church, i.e. from the fortification as far as the churchyard. Granted at Selkirk. Witnessed by 'Dauid fratre meo, Abbate Ernaldo de Malros, Ricardo de Moruill constabulario, Waltero de Berkel’ Camerio, Philippo de Valun. Apud Seleschirch'.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of William I, King of Scots 1165-1214, p. 264, no. 216]
Comment
Original produced in the Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, no. 50. Prof. Barrow suggests this charter was granted probably in 1179.
[23] Parishes of Glenkarn and Strathnith
March 17, 1182: Pope Lucis III to the venerable Jocelyn, bishop of Glasgow
Pope Lucis III confirms in general to Jocelyn, bishop of Glasgow, his churches, land and privileges, and names a long list of churches with all their chapels and other rightful pertinents in his diocese. He also makes a general confirmation of the parishes in ‘Theuidale, Thuedale, Cludesdale, Eschedale, Ewichdale, Lidelesdale, Driuesdale, Annadsedale, Leuenaches, Stradgrif, Meornes, Larges, Chunigham, Kiil, Karrich, Glenkan, Stradnud, Desnes et quicquid tui iuris est in Galweia Decimam et de cain Regis de Kiil and Karreich’. Dated at Velletri.
[Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, p. 49, no. 57]
[24] The Church of Dumfries and Chapel of St. Thomas
A.D. 1183-88: Charter by King William to the Abbey of Kelso
William, king of Scots, grants to Kelso Abbey for the use and building work of the abbey the church of Dumfries with its land, teinds and offerings, and with the chapel of St. Thomas in the burgh of Dumfries, with its toft, and with five acres of arable which the king has given to Dumfries church in free alms with which he has caused Philip de Valognes to invest the church. Witnessed by 'Jocelino Glasguensi Episcopo, Hugone Sancti Andree et Johanne Dunkeldensi et Matheo Aberdonensi episcopis, Henrico Abbate Sancti Thomas, Comite Dunecano, Philippo de Valoniis, Willelmo de Lindesia, apud Dunfres'.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of William I, King of Scots 1165-1214, p. 289, no. 254]
Comment
Original produced in the Liber S. Marie de Calchou 1113-1567 by the Bannatyne Club, Vol I, no. 411. Prof. Barrow comments that the king seems to have gained possession of Dumfries c.1185, whilst the beginning of the royal burgh may be assigned to this period. Furthermore, it is observed that the reference to Philip de Valognes suggests he was acting as chamberlain, with the responsibility for royal burghs which certainly belonged to that office by the thirteenth century. Finally, Barrow also observes the somewhat unusual attestation of the abbot of Arbroath in the south-west of Scotland may go to confirm the suggestion that St. Thomas’s chapel in Dumfries was dedicated to Thomas of Canterbury.
[25] Hospital of St. Peter in Dumfries
A.D. c.1185: Charter by King William to the Hospital of St. Peter in York
W[illiam] Dei Rex Scott’. Omnibus probes hominibus tocius terre sue, clericis et laicis, salutem. Sciant presentes et posteri me dedisse et concessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse Deo et hospitali Sancit Petri in Ebor’ et fratribus ibidem Deo seruientibus duas carrucatas terre et dimidiam in territorio de Drumfres et de Kulenath, tenendam sibi in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam cum communi pastura et cum omnibus liberatatibus ad eandem terram iuste pertinentibus, ita libere et quiete, plenarie et honorifice sicut aliqua elemosina in regno meo liberius et quiecius, plenius et honorificencius tenetur et possidetur. Concessi etiam eis et precipio ut omnes hominess sui super terram illam manentes quieti sint a theelon’ et omni consuetudine per totam terram meam, nisi fuerint aliqui eorum qui mercaturam exercurint sicut mercatores. Testibus Jocelino Episcopo Glasguensi, Ricardo de Mrouill’ constabulario, Robert Capellano, Roberto de Quinci, Hugone de Sigillo et Ricardo de prebenda clericus meis, Roberto de Bruys, Alano filio Walteri, Rollando filio Utredi, Waltero de Berkel’ Camerario, Willelmo de Lyndesee, apud Gretenho.
[Barrow, G. W. S.: The Acts of William I, King of Scots 1165-1214, p. 290, no. 255]
Paraphrased Translation
W[illiam] K. of Scots, grants to the Hospital of St. Peter, York, two and a half carucates in the territory of Dumfries and Kulenach in frankalmoigne, and freedom from toll and custom for all their men dwelling there except traders. Witnesses: Joceline bishop of Glasgow, Richard de Morville constable, Robert the chaplain, Robert de Quynci, Hugh de Sigillo, and Richard de Prebenda his clerks, Robert de Bruys, Alan fitz Walter, Rolland fitz Uctred, Walter de Berkeley, chamberlain, William de Lyndsee. Gretenhou (Gretna).
[Bain, Joseph: Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland 1272-1307, Vol. II, p. 421]
Comment
Original in the Public Record Office, C.47/2/4, no. 8. The land of Conheath lies in the parish of Caerlaverock. This charter was probably granted c.1185, when King William gained control of Dumfries.
[26] Radulf son of Dunegal
A.D. c1185: Charter by King William to the Abbey of Kelso
[Translation] King William gives to us the church of Dumfries with the chapel of St. Thomas in the same burgh and the toft belonging to the same chapel. And five acres of land belonging to the same church, thus that we may not alienate in any way the church or chapel or the returns from the working of our church and uses of the fruits. And Jocelin the bishop confirms the gift of the king in the same form. Moreover, the clerk, Laurence, renders two shillings each year of his life for the teinds of kars belonging to the same church of Dumfries at Kelso at the markets of Roxburgh. Radulph son of Dunegal gives to the church certain lands in Dunfres which thus can be cognosced. Two paths separate from each other within the village, by one of which is a way to the church of St. Blann; the other proceeds on the east and goes round a rock called Greneham and so by a certain path it returns to the same way from which it set out. All that land lying within these paths is given to God and the forenamed church. [Witness list still to be added]
[Liber S. Marie de Calchou 1113-1567 (Bannatyne Club), Vol I, no. 11]
Comment
Original produced in the Liber S. Marie de Calchou 1113-1567 by the Bannatyne Club, Vol I, no. 11. The old parish of St. Blane lies was added to the parish of Caerlaverock.
[27] Parishes of Glenkarn and Strathnith
June 12, 1186: Pope Urban III to the venerable Jocelyn, bishop of Glasgow
Pope Urban III confirms in general to Jocelyn, bishop of Glasgow, his churches, land and privileges, and names a long list of churches with all their chapels and other rightful pertinents in his diocese. He also makes a general confirmation of the parishes in ‘Theuidale, Thuedale, Cludesdale, Eschedale, Ewichdale, Lidelesdale, Driuesdale, Annadsedale, Leuenaches, Stradgrif, Meornes, Larges, Kiil, Karric, Glenkarn, Stradnid, Desnes et quicquid tui iuris est in Galweia Decimam et de cain Regis de Kiil and Carric’. Dated at Verona.
[Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis by the Maitland Club, p. 54, no. 62]
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