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Nelson - New Zealand Bound

The lighthouse is not visible in the image but it is there on the Boulder Bank, in the middle. The Boulder Bank, is a natural breakwater of smooth oval stones 11 km long, stretching parallel with the waterfront and separates Nelson Haven from Tasman Bay and taking the brunt of what stormy seas throw its way. It was formed by the movement of granite and other igneous rocks eroding from Mackays Bluff by sea currents moving southwards. Photo taken by Olwyn, Aug. 2003.

Picton | Edwin Fox

History

Captain Arthur Wakefield arrived at Wellington in 1841, in command of the expeditionary vessel, the 'Will Watch,' to found the Nelson settlement somewhere in the Middle Island, and to take his instructions from his brother, Colonel Wakefield, the New Zealand Company's agent.  The Colonel wished his brother to go south to Port Cooper, where, as whalers had told him, there was a good harbour and plenty of level country.  Lieutenant Governor Hobson, however, forbade the southward expedition, and limited the choice of a site for the settlement to Blind Bay; hence Nelson was for years known as "Hobson Choice." Nelson Haven was discovered on 20 October 1841.  The other expeditionary vessels were the 'Arrow' and the 'Whitby' with 100 pioneers from England. A year later they were joined by their wives and children.

Several allotments were purchased by a Hamburg firm from the New Zealand Company, and the emigrants arrived in the St. Pauli, settling first at Moutere. A heavy flood caused many of them to move into Nelson. A second detachment of about 200 arrived in the Skiold in 1844, but owing to the hardships and trials of the new life nearly all, with the exception of about half the second batch left in the same year for Australia.

Port Nelson  (wayback) is a natural haven situated in the SE of Tasman Bay, at the top of the South Island.  During 1842, over three thousand people were brought into Nelson by the New Zealand Company in twenty four ships and by 1850 four thousand had come as company settlers. The first emigrant vessel into Nelson was the Fifeshire which arrived 1 February 1842, which is considered the date of establishment of the settlement.  She was a 557 tons barque and had arrived in Wellington 16 January 1842 after departing London 26 September.  The Fifeshire under the command of under Captain Arnold  she was was wrecked while leaving Nelson on 27 February 1842 when the tide carried her onto Arrow Reef named after a vessel that was  part of the survey expedition.  During the Louisa Campbell second voyage out to NZ in May 1847, bound from Auckland to Nelson via New Plymouth, she grounded on sandbank two miles from Cape Farewell and became a total loss.    Rock Road  aerial photo

    

Nelson's Boulder Bank lighthouse, an octagonal tapering cast iron tower, 18.3 metres high, brought to Nelson from Bath, England, in 1861 on the Glenshee and erected the following year.  Built by Stothart & Pitt of Bath. Manned light until 5 Dec. 1915, when it was converted to gas and serviced weekly. The keepers left in 1916 and their cottages were relocated in Nelson. The lantern mechanism is still present in case it is ever needed as backup to other harbour lights. Keepers:
William Edward Cross (1862-?) a brother to the harbourmaster 
John Kidson (? - was keeper for 27 years)
John Frederick Rayner (Nov. 1906 to April 1909)

On October 21 the barque Arrow anchored outside the haven. On 4 November 1841, Wakefield saw the Will Watch safely anchored inside the haven. The Arrow commenced unloading on 8 November. The Will Watch began discharging cargo on 10 November. Captain Arthur Wakefield, was the expedition leader. William Blundell set up a forge and sawyers established a sawpit near 150 acres of bush on the far side of the Maitai River. This area was later to be called The Wood. The first four emigrant ships, Fifeshire, Mary Ann, Lloyds and Lord Auckland had all arrived in February 1842. Today many cottages still stand in The Wood in excellent condition.  From the rate books William Collins built about three or four cottages on Milton  Street, Nelson c. 1863. Who was William Collins? email Olwyn. There is a street full of cottages near the Rutherford Hotel area, South St. There are also two cottages in Tasman St. that may be 1860s plus a group of five on Rutherford St (Old Waimea St). 

Newspaper

The Colonist, The Examiner, The Nelson Mail. Every issue had shipping intelligence, however in most cases only the cabin passengers are named. They covered even the small coastal traders. From late 1850s passenger lists and shipping was in the gold rush era and there were hundreds of vessels in the ports.

Libraries

Nelson Provincial Museum and all its research facilities reopened on on Saturday 22 October 2005 on commemoration day of  the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar. The city site will be exhibition space and the research facilities, will largely remain at Stoke for the medium term.  The new Nelson Provincial Museum (founded 1841) is located on the corner of Hardy and Trafalgar Streets . The museum showcases the region's history, from our geological origins, to the stories of those individuals and families who have walked and lived on the land.

• Nelson Provincial Museum & Library, located at Isel Park, Stoke, Nelson ph 3-547- 9740, is run by the Nelson City Council. Email  Appointments are necessary for photographic or library research.  Best to contact them several weeks in advance if you are researching a particular surname. Researching in the photographic section is complicated as their large collection consists mainly of negatives, not prints.  The museum has a research fee. Isel Park was donated by Thomas Marsden, landowner and prominent citizen in Stoke.  The name Isel is from his birthplace in England.  He and his son James spent their lifetime landscaping the grounds of Isel house with trees from throughout the world. The house is open to the public on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. Research services will close at 4 pm on Monday 23 Dec. 2002. The library and archives will re-open at 12 noon on Monday 6 January 2003.  Normal hours of Mon-Fri 12-4 pm will continue from this date.

Ship Diaries at the NPML:
John Gibson 				'Fifeshire' 1841
Kater William Henry (ship's surgeon) 	'Sir Charles Forbes' 1842
J. Hounsell 				'Bard of Avon' 1863
George Page 				'Arethusa' 1879
Edwin White 				'Adamant' 1874

Passenger Lists at the NPML:
New Zealand Company 1840-1850 (passenger application numbers enable you to find the place of origin)
A large microfilm of applications by emigrants that covers a large number of vessels 1839 to 1850 that were under the NZ Co. scheme. Gives the actual street address of their residence when they applied in some cases and the county in others.  It also states the relationships, sister, nephew etc. of various passengers. 
Nelson Provincial Government 1853-1867
New Zealand Government 1874-1880
Local newspaper shipping columns are available and include coastal and Trans-Tasman shipping

• The Attic (library) at the Wakapuaka Cemetery, Atawhai Drive, Nelson  is were the Nelson branch of the NZSG meet and have a library. Open 2.00pm to 4.00pm on Sunday.

• Nelson also has a Historical Society (meets at Founders Park) and a Family History Center on Nayland Rd in Stoke. On display at the Founders Historic Park, 87 Atawhai Drive, Nelson. ph 0-3-548 2649 are scale models of the Edwin Fox, the Fifeshire and the Lord Auckland. 

• Elma Turner Library, the Nelson Public Library, has a good selection of local history books and the Nelson Examiner 1842-1874 on microfilm.

• Early Nelson photos

Emigrant Vessels

• Early Settlers Memorial : A memorial wall will list every ship arrival from Jan. 1841 to Dec. 1850 at the Wakefield Quay Promenade. database  

• Ships to Nelson Index

• Nelson Bays NZGenWeb Project

• Peter's stuff

Partial List of Passenger Ships into Nelson, NZ

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 16 April 1842
Sailed:
April 15, barque Lloyds, Green, for India,
Same day, barque Birman, Cleland, for India.
Same day, barque Bolton, Robinson, for India.
Same day, ship Clifton, Cox, for India.

The Bolton, Clifton, Birman, and Lloyds, sailed on Friday the 15th, in company, for the Indian seas by way of Torres Straits. A salute was fired from the Haven, upon such a convoy leaving a port which was not known to exist six months ago.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 16 April 1842
Arrived April 10, barque London, with emigrants from London.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 14 May 1842, Page 38
Arrived May 8, brig Nimrod, Fox, 175, from Port Phillip, with 20 immigrants and 37 head of cattle.
11, ship Clifford, Sharp, 460, from London in 142 days, with 180 immigrants; passengers, the Rev. E. Sarton, Mr. Edward Sarton, Miss Sarton, Mrs. Laughlin, and families ; Mr. Shepperd, from the London, Port Nicholson.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 27 August 1842
Arrived August 22d, barque Sir Charles Forbes, 363, Bacon, from London with emigrants and two passengers.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 29 October 1842
Arrived Oct. 25, barque Thomas Harrison, 370, Smith, from London, with 187 immigrants. Passengers, Messrs. Cooke, Mr. Newcombe, and Mr. Deane.
    Oct. 28, barque - Olympus, 500, Whyte, from London, with 138 immigrants. Passengers, Mr. Thorpe, Mr. Rowe, Mr. Webes, and Mr. Weightman.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 29 October 1842
The Sir Thomas Harrison sailed on the 25th of May, and was detained by calms for a length of time on the Line. She is 70 days from the Line. A very small mail has arrived by her, as she left but so short a time after the Sir Charles Forbes. Great credit is due for her good management. We have seen no immigrant vessel arrive so cleanly and in such good order. In spite of the tedium of so long a passage, none of those so frequent and so distressing differcenes appear to have arisen between the emigrants and the commander and officers of the vessel. The deaths on board have been only two, both children. Captain Smith is, we understand, owner as well as commander.

The following vessels were laid on for New Zealand at the time of the sailing of the Thomas Harrison : — for Nelson, with emigrants,
the Olympus, 316 tons, to sail June 15, from London ;
the New Zealand, 380 tons, to sail July 1, from Greenock.
For Wellington, with emigrants, the George Fyfe, 391 tons, to sail June 15. For Wellington and New Plymouth, with emigrants, the Blenheim, 374 tons, to sail July 1.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 7 June 1845
The Halifax Packet, Captain Smith (late of the Thomas Harrison), and the whaler Merope, were blown on shore at Swan River on the 28th of January, and both wrecked.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 5 November 1842
Arrived Nov. 4, barque New Zealand, 455, Worth, from the Clyde, with - 137 immigrants. Intermediate passengers, Mr. Cruikshanks, Mr. Macleod, Mr. J. Macfarlane, Mr. Wilson, Mr. J. M'Glashan, Mr. Wright, Mr. Campbell.

The Sir Charles Forbes lost two children and one adult, the Thomas Harrison two children (one an infant immediately after birth), the Olympus one infant prematurely born, and the New Zealand not one.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 17 December 1842
Arrived. December 12th,- barque George Fyfe, 460, Pyke, from London, via Wellington. Passengers, Hon. C. Dillon and lady, Mr. Ridgway, Mr. Mocatta, Mr. Perry, and Mr. Williams ; intermediate, Mr. and Mrs. Coster, Miss Sacker, Mr. W. Bolton, and Mr. Godfrey ; in the steerage, 13 adults and 17 children.
14th, ship Bombay, 400, Moore, from London, with 132 immigrants, out 133 days. Passengers, Messrs. Hughlings, Parkinson, Bradey, Ridines, Binns, and Mr. and Mrs. Eames.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 24 December 1842
Arrived 22d, barque Prince of Wales, 582, Alexander, from London, out 110 days; 33 passengers, and 170 emigrants.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 4 March 1843
Arrived February 26th, ship Thomas Sparks, 494, Sharp, from London, via Cape of Good Hope and Port Nicholson, with a few emigrants and intermediate passengers. Passengers from Wellington, Messrs. Ridgeway, Skipwith, Taylor, Fell, and Clifford.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 11 March 1843,
Sailed - 10th March, ship Thomas Sparks, 494, Sharp, for Port Nicholson and Valparaiso. Passengers for Wellington, Mr. Skipwith and Mr. Clifford.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 17 June 1843, Page 266
Arrived. June 14th, ship St. Pauli, 380, from Hamburg ; with immigrants. After a passage of between five and six months, the St. Pauli, with German immigrants, arrived here on Wednesday last. She left Hamburg on the 4th of January, but put into Bahia, where she remained three weeks.  The passengers are Mr. Beit and family (amounting, we believe, to fourteen), two Lutheran missionaries, and an English gentleman from Bahia. Mr. Beit is a large purchaser of land in this settlement, having five allotments, and, we understand, is appointed German Consul. The immigrants are partly mechanics and partly labourers ; many of the latter are from the Rhenish provinces, and are acquainted with the culture of the vine. We yesterday witnessed the landing of the first boat, and several immediately betook themselves to the hill side and examined the soil, which they pronounced to be well adapted for vine growing. They all appear in high spirits, and will no doubt make valuable settlers. Notwithstanding the prolonged passage, and that destructive disease the small-pox making its appearance on board three weeks after sailing, only four children died. A salute was fired from the shore on Thursday morning, when the St. Pauli came into harbour.

St Pauli, was built in Hamburg in 1841 by Johannes Morts. The vessel was charted by the New Zealand Company to bring German immigrants out to New Zealand.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 26 May 1849, Page 50
RESIDENT MAGISTRATES' COURT. May 16, 17, and 18.
Present— M. Richmond, Esq., Resident Magistrate, Messrs. Stafford, Cautley, Saxton, Stephens, and Nixon, J.P/s.
OVYE, V. BEIT AND SONS.

This was an action brought to recover from the defendants the sum of £20, as damages for the non-fulfilment of a certain contract, by which the plaintiff was entitled to receive from the defendants, in the settlement of Nelson, out of a rural section, ten acres of land, to be selected by the defendants by virtue of one of the New Zealand Company's land-orders, being order of choice No. 683. The facts of the case, as net forth by the plaintiff's solicitor, we believe to be as follow : — The plaintiff, wishing to emigrate from Germany to New Zealand, under a scheme got up in Hamburgh in the year 1842, by the defendants, and the firm of Chapeaurouge and Co., merchants in that city, applied to the defendant, J. N. Beit, to know the terms on which he could get a passage to the colony. In answer to his inquiries, he received such information as led to his purchasing from Messrs. De Chapeaurouge and Co., a land order for ten acres of rural land in the settlement of Nelson, and, upon the payment of £15 as the purchase money for the land, he was furnished with a free passage in the St. Pauli, and an order upon the Messrs. Beit (who superintended the body of German emigrants in the St. Pauli, to this settlement) to deliver to the plaintiff ten acres of rural land out of the land which they (the Messrs. De Chapeaurouge and Co.) had purchased, in conjunction with the defendants, from the New Zealand Company. This order the plaintiff delivered to the defendants shortly after his arrival at Nelson, and received in exchange a certificate, signed by the defendants, in which they certified that he (the plaintiff) was entitled to receive possession of ten acres of rural land, which they (the defendants) should " indicate " out of the rural section, order of choice No. 683, so soon as they (the defendants) should have effected the selection of that section, and completed the surveys for division among the several purchasers. This is dated 14th August, 1843. At the distribution of rural lands, which took place in Nelson on the 27th of March, 1848, the defendants failed to select for their orders of choice (they being at the time absent from the colony), and it was done on their behalf by the Company's Resident Agent, as stipulated in the terms of purchase. The defendants did not return to the colony until the 18th of December last, and it was then ascertained rbat they had, during their stay in England, conveyed back to to the New Zealand Company, for a money consideration, all their right, title, and interest to the land held by them in this settlement, including order of choice No. 683 for a section of rural land, being the section out of which the plaintiff was entitled to receive his land. This was the substance of the plaintiffs case. The defendant, Mr. J. N. Beit, who appeared on behalf of the firm of John Beit and Sons, made a very long, able, and eloquent address to the Court, entering into all the minutiae connected with the emigration scheme from Germany to New Zealand, assuring the Court that no part of the purchase money paid by the plaintiff had ever come to their hands, and that, acting upon the true mercantile usage of treating with houses of such respectability and responsibility as the house of Messrs. De Chapeaurouge and Co., they (the defendants) had accepted their order, but only for the delivery of land, and land they were then willing to give to the plaintiff. Upon being asked by the Court how soon they would do so, Mr. Beit named the 15th day of June next. The Resident and other Magistrates having retired for about half an hour, on their return into Court the following judgment was given : Judgment for the plaintiff, but in lieu of the claim in money, the plaintiff shall be put in possession of ten acres of land by the defendant, to the satisfaction of the Court, on or before the 10th of June 1849.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 14 July 1849, Page 77
Sailed Jun. 8, brig Susan, 200, Wood, for Sydney ; produce. Passengers, Mr. and Mrs. Beit and family.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 25 August 1849, Page 101
Extraordinary Cargo. — On Sunday last the brig Susan, Captain Wood, from Nelson, New Zealand, arrived in harbour laden with the following live freight.— Mr. and Mrs. Beit and servant, Mr. John Beit, Mr. Henry Beit, Mr. William Beit, Miss Beit Miss Medora Beit, Misi Sarah Beit, Mils Marianne Beit, Miss Emma Beit, Mist Jeanette Beit, Miss Adolhine Beit Master Robert Beit, Master Richard Beit and (we've come to the final conjunction at last) Master Frederick Beit. This certainly beats anything we ever heard or read of. We suppose the Beet will take root in this colony, and that so extensive an importation will yield an abundant annual supply. - Bell's Life in Sydney, July 21.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 30 September 1843, Page 326
ARRIVED. September 27th, cutter Pickwick, 38, Jury, from Akaroa ; general cargo. Passengers, Mr. Williams, Mr. Binns, and Mr. Smith.
28th, barque Tyne, 500, Robertson, from London via Wellington ; general cargo. Passenger, Mr. St. Hill.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 7 October 1843, Page 330
Arrived. October 2d, brig William Stoveld, 187, Davidson, from London; general cargo. Passengers, Mr. Webster, Mr. Haywood, and Mr. _______.
4th, brigantine Deborah, 121, Wing, from Wellington ; general cargo. Passengers, F. D. Bell, Esq., Dr. Butler, Dr. Norman, Mr. Hodgson, Mr. and Mrs. Odell.
brigantine Star of China, 112, Ward, from Wellington; general cargo. Passengers, Mr. Perry, Mr. Price, Mr. Dorter, and two in the steerage.
6th, cutter Enterprise, 8, Bathe, from Wellington; sundries.
ship Ursula, 490, Martin, from London via Wellington; general cargo. Passengers, Miss Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. Levin and child, Messrs Withers, Hort, Atkinson, Robinson, Molesworth, Duppa, and Guyton.

Sailed. September 30th, brigantine Sisters, 130, Clarke, for Hobart Town; general cargo. Passengers, Mr. and Mrs. Imrie and child, Mrs. Clarke, Mr. Walkinshaw, Mr. Christian, Mr. Chapline, and twenty-two besides children in the steerage.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 13 January 1844,
January 10th barque Himalaya, 477, Burns, from London via New Plymouth ; general cargo. Passengers - Mr. and Mrs. Martin and five children. Mr. H. Martin, Mr. and Mrs. Hodgson and seven children, Mr. Wakefield, Mr. and Mrs. Pearce, Mr. Phillips, and thirteen in the steerage.

New Zealand Gazette and Wellington Spectator, 10 February 1844, Page 3
We are happy to find that among the passengers of the Himalaya there are some gentlemen who are likely to prove highly valuable settlers. One of these, Mr. Martin, has brought with him a first-rate entire draught horse, and a very superior ram. The latter was shorn on board, and the clip weighed 9 lbs.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 7 September 1844, Page 105
Arrived. September 1, ship Skiold, 500, from Hamburg; with 140 German immigrants.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 12 July 1845, Page 73
Arrived. July 9, barque Louisa Campbell, 350, Darby, from London; general cargo. Passengers, Mr. and Mrs. Weeks, Mr. and Mrs. Rich, Miss Taylor, Mr. Bushnell, Mr. Carlton, and Mr. Good : in the steerage, Messrs. Reynold's, Murray, Hill, and Tiffin.
The Louisa Campbell, it is expected, will sail for Wellington about this day week. After discharging the remainder of her cargo there and at Auckland, she proceeds to Valparaiso to load for England. The Tyne sailed from England on the 23d of February.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 31 January 1846, Page 189
Arrived. January 24, barque Mary Catharine, 385, Howlett, from London.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 24 July 1852, Page 86
Arrived July 24, ship Persia, 800, Broadfoot, from London. Passengers Lieut. Strange, 65th Regt., Ensign Marsh, Ensign Still, Mrs and Miss Macgillycuddy, Mr Hennah, Mr. Handyside, eight in the fore-cabin, and seven in the steerage.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 30 October 1852, Page 142
Arrived Oct. 24, barque Stately, 600, Giuder, from London, via, Wellington. Passengers for Nelson, Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Minchin, 3 children, and servant, Mr. and Mrs. Augarde, and 4 children, Mrs. Crowther and 2 children, Miss H. A. Copeman, Messrs. F. N. Minchin, C. H. Minchin, E. Rich, V. Schroder, and W. H. Teschmaker.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 8 January 1853, Page 182
Arrived Jan. 3, barque Slains Castle, 504, Andrew, from London, via Wellington. Passengers, Dr, Mrs and Miss Robertson, Mr. and Mrs. Horneman and 5 children, Mrs. Nixon, Mr. and Mrs. Pattie and child, Messrs. Oldham, W. Oldbam, W. Galloway, V. Jones, S. Caldwell, G. Meddings, wife and child, and Susan Devis
    5, brig Spray, 148, Scott, from Melbourne, with cargo of the Invincible, from London. Passengers, Mrs Scott and 2 children, Mr. and Mrs Biffin, Mr. C. Eyles, wife and child, Messrs Cullen, White, Robertson, Hibberlene, Adams, Giblin, Boulcott, Watt, M'Dougall, Brodie, Bell, Diamond, Faney, Milmeda, Saunders, Bayley, Speedy, Cowin, Lightband, Gentry, Livick, and M'Causland.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 3 September 1853, Page 4
Arrived Aug.28, -screw steamer Ann, 300, Gibbs, from Sydney. Passengers, Messrs. Huddlestone, Woollay, Ormond, Johnson, Tabbutt, Wheelan, Jones, Richards, Ferres, and Mrs. Taylor.
29, brig Cronkbane, 300, Corkhill, from Sydney. Passengers, Messrs. Hume. White, and Wagstaff.
— Government brig Victoria, 200, Deck, from Wellington. Passengers, Messrs. Bowler, Devaney and Deck.
Sept. 1, barque Admiral Grenfell, 350, M'Cullen, from London, via Wellington. Passengers, Mr. and Mrs. Lichfield and three children, Mr. Edleston, Mr. and Mrs Strachen and one child, Mr. and Mrs. Jackea and five children, Mr. and Mrs. Teakle and one child.

Sailed. Aug. 25, brig Yarmouth, 179, Kenney, for Melbourne. Passengers, Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Pinniger. 30, steamer Ann, 300, Gibbs, for Wellington and Canterbury; part of cargo from Sydney. Passengers, Messrs. Stafford, Weld, Woollay, Ormond, Johnson, Tabbutt, Wheelan, Jones, Richards, Ferres, and several in the steerage.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 18 February 1854, Page 4
Arrived : Feb. 13, brig William Wooley, 200, Bennett, from Sydney ; 72 head of cattle, 1 horse, and general cargo. Passenger, Mr. Colquhoun.

Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle, 11 March 1854, Page 4
Arrived March 5, steamer Nelson, 215, Martin, from London ; 659 packages general cargo, and 100 tons of coals. Passenger: Mrs. Martin, Miss Martin, Miss Robson, Mrs. Nancanow.
— schooner William and Alfred, 118, Tinley, from Wellington ; 200 bales wool. Passengers, Mr. and Mrs. Hervey, and child, Captain Nicholson, Hon. A. G. Tolemache, Mr. and Mrs. McDonald and child, Mr. and